i 



1 1 ifli 




Class L-- B 3Q5Z 



(kpightN 



\°>ZZ. 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 



)UW**JL~~ 



-c^Xi^ 



Stephenson s 

Eigfntn Grade Examination 

Question and Answer 

Books 



All the Questions with Complete Answers for Eighth Grade Examinations 

issued by the 

State Superintendents of Public Instruction 

of Nebraska, since January 1st, 1915, to date 



Compiled by 
Sam C. Stephenson 



First Edition 1922 
Price $^.00 



Read carefully the opposite side of this sheet, also see last page for 
order blank, complete list of books and prices 

Sam C. Stephenson 
1305 Eleventh St., Aurora, Nebraska 



*$& 



I O those consistent and tireless 
workers in the cause of edu- 
cational advancement, the County 
Superintendents, this hook is re- 
spectfully dedicated by the author, 
a former member of the ranks. 



Stephenson's Eighth Grade Question and Answer 
books are the logical outgrowth of the Question books 
prepared by the author in 1921. While the Question 
Books have been received with great favor by teachers 
and pupils throughout the state, the demand for the 
Answers to be included with the Questions has been so 
insistent that our editions are now made complete as the 
titles indicate and contain both Questions and Answers. 

These books contain the questions issued for Eighth 
Grade Examinations by the office of the State Superin- 
tendent of Public Instruction of Nebraska, from January 1 , 
1915 to date, with correct and accurate answer supplied. 
They are put out in single editions covering only one 
subject; in quarterly review editions covering four to five 
subjects; and in one complete edition covering all the 
fourteen subjects required in the final Eighth Grade 
Examinations. 

They have been prepared with conscientious care by 
competent persons under the author's direction. Special 
stress has been put in making the answers as simple and 
concise as possible and above all accurate. They furnish 
a criterion that will serve as a sure guide to teachers and 
pupils alike as to what may be expected at examination 
time. In that way, they assist the teacher in planning 
the work most effectively. A careful study of them by 
pupils will naturally assist them in passing the tests that 
assures their promotion. 

As a guide for review work and tests they will be 
found of especial service. In order to secure the most 
effective results, every pupil should have these books for 
class use. They are strongly endorsed by County 
Superintendents. 




YZ^t*/^?;, 




Copyright, 1922 

SAM C. STEPHENSON 

Aurora, Nebraska 

OCT -9 1322 

'C1A686177 






Contents 



Pace 

Written Arithmetic Questions 1 

Written Arithmetic Answers . . . 8 

Mental Arithmetic Questions 26 

Mental Arithmetic Answers 31 

Reading Questions 39 

Reading Answers 44 

Penmanship Questions 55 

Penmanship Answers 58 

Drawing Questions 66 

Drawing Answers 69 

Grammar Questions 75 

Grammar Answers 81 

English Composition Questions 97 

English Composition Answers 99 

Bookkeeping Questions 105 

Bookkeeping Answers 106 

Orthography Questions 112 

Orthography Answers 117 

Civics Questions 125 

Civics Answers 133 

Geography Questions 147 

Geography Answers 152 

Agriculture Questions 167 

Agriculture Answers 171 

Physiology Questions 181 

Physiology Answers 185 

History Questions 195 

History Answers 200 



Arithmetic Questions 



Lesson I 

ARITHMETIC 

4-9-15 
(Answer ten) 

1. Add: 13 ft. 4 in and 15 ft. 10 in. Sub< 
tract 486789 from 563412. 

2. Multiply 8.09 by .14; divide 1.69 by 
.0013. i i 

3. At 37 cents a bushel how many busln 
els of potatoes can be bought for $4.81? 

4. From an alfalfa field of 15 acres three! 
crops were harvested in one season. The 
average yield per acre for each crop was 
2850 lbs. How much was the season's yield 
worth at $14.50 per ton? 

5. How many acres are there in a farm 
134 rods long and 52.5 rods wide? 

6. How many feet of lumber are there 
in ten boards 14 ft. long, 6 in. wide and 
2 in. thick? 

7. A farmer bought 40 acres of land at 
$40 an acre and spent $600 for improve- 
ments. For how much must he sell it to 
gain 20% 

8. Martha used for a cake 2 cups of 
sugar at 2% cents each, % lb. butter at 
30 cents a pound, % pint of milk at 8 
cents a quart, 2 cups flour at 3 cents each 
and baking powder and salt worth % cent. 
How much did the cake cost? 

9. Find the interest on $5320 for 1 yr. 4 
mo. 10 da. at 5%. 

10. If 90% of the seed corn planted in 
a certain field germinates and the yield is 
36 bushels per acre, what would have been 
the yield had all the seed corn germinated. 

11. A freight train runs 20 miles an 
hour, and a passenger train on the same 
road runs 35 miles an hour. If a passenger 
train makes a trip between two points in 
4 hours, how many hours will it require 
for the freight train to make the same 
trip? 

Lesson II 

ARITHMETIC 

5-7-15 
(Answer ten) 

1. How many minutes in 5 da., 15 hr., 
20 min.? 

2. A pile of 2-foot wood is 10 ft. long, 
4 ft. high. How many cubic feet are there 
in that pile? 

3. A side of bacon weighs 8 lbs. 12 oz. 
A ham weighs 13 lbs. 4 oz. What is the 
cost of both if bacon is worth 24 cents 
per pound and ham 20 cents per pound? 

4. "What is the cost of the following 



coal bill at $7.50 per ton: 3650 lb., 2720 
lb., 5000 lb., 1960 lb., 2750 lb.? 

5. A room is 18 ft. long, 15 ft. wide and 
9 ft. high. How many square yards are 
there in the walls, floor and ceiling? 

6. Shingles laid 4 in. to the weather 
will cover 16 sq. in. of space. How many 
shingles will cover the two sides of a roof, 
each side being 40 ft. by 20 ft.? 

7. Hogs lose about % of the live 
weight in dressing. A 380-lb.. live hog, 
purchased at $6.75 a hundred Is retailed 
at an average price of 15 cents a pound. 
What is the profit? 

8. A man walked % 2 °f his journey 
the first day, % of it the next day and 
then had 20 miles to travel. How long 
was the journey? 

9. What principal will yield an interest 
of $600 in 5 yr. at 6%? 

10. Mr. Smith sold his farm for $6360, 
thereby gaining 20%. Would he have 
gained or lost and what per cent, if he had 
sold it at $5500? 

11. If 8 lbs. of corn will plant one acre, 
how many bushels will it require to plant 
a field of 70 acres? 

12. The following is an estimated cost 
of 100 sq. yd. of lath and plaster for two 
coat work: 

1500 lath at $4.75 per M. 
10 lb. nails at $3.20 per cwt. 

Labor putting on lath $4.50 

10 bu. lime at 45c per bushel. 
6 lb. hair at 4c per pound. 

1 load of sand $1.75 

Plasterer, 2% da. at $5.00 $12.50 

Find the cost per square yard. 



Lesson III 

ARITHMETIC 

3-10-16 
(Answer ten) 

1. In the working days of a week a 
man works 9% hrs., 10% hrs., 8% hrs., 
9% hrs., 8 }4 hrs. What are his wages 
for the week at 30c an hour? 

2. A farmer having gathered 120 bush- 
els of potatoes lost % of them. What per 
cent did he save? 

3. The terms of a sale are: Sums under 
ten dollars, cash. Amounts over that, one 
year's time at 6% interest, or 2% off for 
cash. A man buys a team of horses for 
$360. What will he have to pay at the 
end of a year's time, including the inter- 
est? How much if he pays cash? 

4. At 5c a bushel, what will it cost to 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



thresh 50 acres of wheat averaging 30 : > 4 
bu. per A.? 

5. A round siio has a diameter of 20 
feet (Pi equals 314) and is 35 ft. high. 
How many tons of silage will it hold if 50 
cu. ft. of space is required for each ton? 

6. A school district whose valuation is 
$45,000 desires to raise $540 tax. How 
many mills must they levy? 

7. If a landlady receives $60 for board- 
ing 3 men 5 weeks, how much should she 
receive for boarding 7 men 4 weeks? 

8. A and B form a partnership, M 
putting in $300 and B $500. They gain) 
$320. What is each man's share of the) 
gain? 

9. A field 120 rods long and 45 rods 
wide yields 15 bu. of wheat per acre. 
What is the entire yield? 

10. James Wilson gives his note to 
Charles Rice for $600, for 3 years, interest 
at 6%. This note was dated March 1, 
1913, at Fort Wayne, Ind. Write this as 
a negotiable note in regular form. When 
will it be due? 

11. A merchant sold a house for $3680, 
losing 8%. For how much should the buyer 
sell it to gain 12%%? 

12. A farmer has 80 fat steers to mar- 
ket. Their average weight is 1200 lbs. 
The market price is $8.25 per cwt. He de- 
cides to hold them for a better market. 
Two weeks later he sells at $8.75 per cwt. 
During the two weeks the steers have 
gained an average of 4 lbs. each, and it has 
cost $24.50 for feed for the period. Did 
he lose or gain by holding them, and 
how much? 

13. A road runs on two sides of a 
square 40-acre field. In going from one 
corner to the diagonally opposite corner, 
how much will be saved by going in a 
straight line, rather than by following the 
road? 

Lesson IV 

ARITHMETIC 

4-14-16 
(Answer ten) 
da. hr. min. 
4 20 40 
16 30 
1 40 



Add 



2. A salesman receives $100 per month 
and a commission of 1%% of his sales. 
What does he receive for the year in 
which his sales amount to $108,000? 

3. If $105 is paid for the rent of a field, 
$35 for plowing, $48 for planting and har- 
rowing, $54 for seed corn, $37.50 for culti- 
vating, $90 for husking and $85 for shell- 
ing and marketing, how much profit is 



there on 2250 bu. of corn selling at 57c 
per bushel? 

4. (a) Divide 16700 by 695, (b) Multi- 
ply 76.43 by 98.2. 

5. A man has an income of $1825 a 
year. He spends y 5 of it for groceries, 
$200 for rent, $437 for clothing and $443 
for sundries. How much will he have 
left at the end of the year? What is his 
average net income per month? What is 
the meaning of "net income"? Of "sun- 
dries"? 

6. The valuation of a school district 
is $150,000. The school tax of 5 mills 
on the dollar, maintains a school of 20 
pupils. What is the cost per pupil? 

7. Furniture catalogued at $60 is bought 
by a dealer at 40% discount. If he sells it 
at the catalogue price, what is his per 
cent of profit? 

8. Fire is discovered on the roof of a 
building 48 ft. high. A ladder resting 13 
feet from the bottom of the building just 
reaches the roof. How long is the ladder? 

9. A bin 12 ft. long and 8 ft. wide con- 
tains a quantity of wheat sloping from 6 
ft. in depth at one end to 3 ft. in depth 
at the other. How many bushels (approxi- 
mately) of wheat in the bin, allowing 1*4 
cu. ft. to the bushel? 

10. A dealer buys 150 barrels of flour. 
He sells one-third of it at $4.50 per bbl., 
losing 10 per cent. The remainder he 
sells at a profit of 6 per cent. What is 
his net gain or loss? 

11. Mrs. Burns buys 40 yds. of carpet 
% of a yard wide. She uses y 10 of it 
for a rug and the remainder to carpet a 
floor. How many sq. yds. does she use for 
the floor? 

12. On April 1, 1916, R. M. Cook of Chi- 
cago borrowed from J. G. Ager $560 for 
6 months at 8%. Write a negotiable note 
covering this transaction. 

Lesson V 

ARITHMETIC 

5-5-16 
(Answer ten) 

1. (a) How many acres in a section? 
Sections in a township or precinct? Pre- 
cincts in your county? (b) Carefully made 
estimates show that good roads increase 
the value of land $6.48 per acre. How 
much does this increase the value of a 
farm of 160 acres? 

2. Find the L. C. M. of 60-15-8-120-12-30. 
Find the G. C. D. of 9-27-1260-1683. 

3. A and B engaged in business as part- 
ners. A furnished $400, B $600. They 
gained $420. What was each man's per 
cent of the gain? 

4. The owner of a house worth $3760 in- 






QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 



sures it for 80% of its value, (a) What 
is the face of his policy? (b) What is the 
annual premium at 30c per $100? 

5. (a) What is the difference between 3 
sq. ft., and a 3 ft. square? (b) Multiply 
2 yds., 1 ft., 4 in. by 8. 

6. Reduce 778 pints to bushels. 

7. At $3 a day how much does a man 
earn in three weeks if he works 41/5 
day? the first week, 5% the second week 
and 5% the third week? 

8. What is the cost at 7c per sq. yd. of 
tinting the walls and ceiling of a school- 
room 18 ft. wide, 27 ft. long, 10 ft. high, 
deducting 54 sq. yards for windows, doors 
and blackboard? 

9. A note of $600 dated Nov. 20, 1912, 
was paid Aug. 9, 1915, interest at 6%. 
Find the amount. 

10. A man whose property is valued at 
$5400 has to pay the following taxes: 
state and county, 10 mills; road district, 2 
mills; school tax, 13 mills; and $2.50 poll 
tax. What does his tax amount to? 

11. 3%X%s % 



i/ 12 of 3i.j ; Hof7%! 



12. If telegraph poles are 88 yds. apart, 
and a passenger on a train counts 23 every 
3 minutes, at what rate is the train travel- 
ling per hour? 

Lesson VI 

ARITHMETIC 

3-23-17 
(Answer ten) 

1. What must you know and what must 
you do to find the area of a square? Of 
a triangle? 

2. If you have the dimensions of a 
square, how can you find its perimeter? 

3. B owns a triangular plot of ground ; 
he knows the length, in rods, of its base, 
altitude and hypothenuse. How shall he 
find the number of acres it contains? 

4. A farmer had 26 acres planted to 
potatoes. The crop from 7 acres yielded 
1260 bushels. At the same rate, how many 
bushels did he receive from the whole 
field? 

5. If the valuation of your school dis- 
trict is $50,000 and it costs $1250 to run 
the school for a year, how many mills are 
levied? 

6. What effect has the placing of zeroes 
to the right of a decimal? To the left of 
a decimal? 

* 7. A horse was sold for $200, which 
was 20% less than the buying price. What 
must the buyer sell the horse for in order 



to gain 25%? What was the first buying 
price? 

8. A cow was purchased for $75.00 
She gave 4 gallons of milk a day for the 
months of May, June, July and August. 
Two-thirds of the milk each day was sold 
at 8c a quart and the cow was sold for 
$95.00. How much was gained on this 
transaction considering that the $75.00 
might have been drawing interest at the 
rate of 7% for this length of time? 

9. I paid an agent $55.80 for buying 
wheat on a commission of 3%. Find 
amount spent for wheat. 

10. Originate problems to demonstrate 
the solutions of the following and solve 
them by analysis: 

(a) You have given the cost and rate 
per cent of profit, or loss, to find profit, 
or loss, and the selling price. 

(b) You have given the selling price 
and the rate per cent of profit or loss to 
find cost. 

11. Write the 45 combinations. 

12. A boy who has been working this 
year at $30.00 a month is offered an in- 
crease of 25% for next year or a salary of 
$9.00 per week. Which will bring the 
larger income, and how much more per 
year (use 52 weeks) ? 



Lesson VII 

ARITHMETIC 
4-20-17 

1. Divide 5625 by .00005; 5 by .25; .255 
by 25. 

2. Two men charter a boat to carry 
some freight to a certain city. One ships 
75 tons and the other 135 tons. How much 
should each pay? 

3. Find the prime factors of 7007, 7644. 

4. How many cubic yards of dirt are re- 
moved in excavating for a cellar 30 ft. 
long, 30 ft. wide and 6 feet deep? 

5. A pole is Y5 in the mud, % in the 
water and 44 feet in the air. How long 
is the pole? 

6. Find the contents in bushels of a 
box 3 ft. long 2 ft. wide and 2% ft. high. 

7. What is the rate per cent when the 
interest of $480 for 2 years, 3 months is 
$64.80? 

8. A man paid $60 for insuring his $6000 
house at 80% of its value. Find the rate 
of insurance. 

9. How many bricks will be contained 
in a wall 6 feet long, 40 feet high and 12 
inches thick, if 22 bricks with mortar will 
make one cubic foot. 

10. If the railway fare for a journey of 
75 miles is $1.50, what will be the fare 
for 275 miles? 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



Lesson VIII 






ARITHMETIC 






5-11-17 






(Answer ten) 






(a) Add: 






48 rods 5 yd. 6 ft. 


3 


in. 


33 rods 4 yd. ft. 


4 


in. 


(b) Subtract: 






37 gal. 3 qt. 1 


pt. 




25 gal. 5 qt. 3 


pt. 





2. Change 9 weeks,7 da., 15 min., 35 sec, 
to seconds. 

Multiply: 38 bu. 7 pk. 5 qt. 3 pt. by 8. 

3. If an agent charges 5% for collecting 
and thus earns $150 per month, how much 
does he collect in a month? 

4. A ladder is placed at a window; the 
ladder is 45 ft. long. If the foot of the 
ladder is 20 ft. from the building, how 
high is the window? 

5. A farmer had 110 acres of wheat 
which made 25 bushels to the acre. He 
paid 4c a bushel to have it threshed, $4.00 
a day for 10 days to have it stacked and 
other expenses amounted to $500. If he 
received $1.50 a bushel for it, how much 
was netted? 

6. Define: promissory note, net pro- 
ceeds, commission, tax, insurance. 

7. If your house which is worth $5,000 
is insured for % of its value at 2y 2 %, what 
is the premium? 

8. How many acres of land in a section? 
How many rods of wire will be required 
to fence it if it is in the form of a square? 

9. How many bushels of wheat in a bin 
25 ft. long, 20 ft. wide, 12 ft. high? 

10. Find the number of gallons of water 
in a circular cistern 12 ft. deep and 6 ft. 
in diameter. 

11. How many cubic feet of silage in a 
silo 15 feet in diameter and 30 feet high? 

12. A clothier bought suits at $12.00 
each and marked them to sell at 25% 
profit. He afterwards reduced the marked 
price 10%. What percent did he finally 
gain upon the cost? 

Lesson IX 

ARITHMETIC 
4-12-18 

1. (a) Give definitions for the follow- 
ing: sum, quotient, product, dividend, dif- 
ference, (b) Subtract and prove: 964,971 — 
346,782. 

2. (a) What is a fraction? (b) What 
are the terms of a fraction? (c) What 
is a proper fraction? (d) What is an im- 
proper fraction? 



3. (a) Change the following fractions 
to their lowest terms: 182 125 

196 325 

(b) Change the following mixed num- 
bers to improper fractions: 75 15/28, 

305 3/7. 

4. (a) A farmer sold % of his farm for 
$1521. At that rate, what is the value of 
% of the farm? (b) 9/5 of 20 is 4/3 of 
what number? (c) What per cent of 208 
is 96? 

5. (a) Find the quotient of 85.75 di- 
vided by .0049. (b) How many minutes 
in the month of April? 

6. (a) I sold two horses at $150 each. 
On the first I gained 25%, and on the sec- 
ond I lost 25%. Did I gain or lose? How 
much? (b) Find the interest and amount 
of $560 at 6% for four years and seven 
months. 

7. Find the cost of 50 boards, 16 feet 
long, 12 inches wide, and 1 inch thick, at 

$35 per M. 

8. How many gallons of water in a tank 
12 feet long, 18 inches deep and 2 feet 
wide? 

9. Find the area of a triangle whose 
base is 12 inches and whose altitude is 9 
inches. 

10. The U. S. Government paid $30,076 
for 10,000 steel helmets. A certain society 
made a drive last January to sell enough 
"Baby Bonds" at $4.12 each to pay for these 
helmets. How many "Baby Bonds" were 
sold? 

Lesson X 

ARITHMETIC 
5-9-18 

1. Write in words: (a) 304,025,343.3; 
(b) 4.00576; (c) CXCIV. 

2. (a) Add, 346%, 25%, 4259%o, 5006; 
(b) Subtract 43.65308 from" 3406.7. 

3. A man's salary was increased 21% 
and it is now $1,766.60. How much did he 
receive before obtaining the increase? 

4. (a) A farmer marketed 11 hogs, if 
each hog weighed 315 pounds and he re- 
ceived $16.30 per hundred, how much did 
he receive for his hogs? (b) What is 1460 
pounds of coal worth at $11.25 per ton? 

5. (a) A farmer has a rectangular field 
of wheat which is 64 rods long and 24^ 
rods wide. If the wheat yields 23 bushels 
to the acre and he receives $2.20 per bushel, 
what will be his total receipts from his 
wheat crop? (b) If his expenses are $9.50 
per acre, on the above wheat crop, what 
will be his net receipts? 

6. (a) How many pounds in a bushel 
of wheat; of shelled corn: of ear corn well 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 



dried; of potatoes; of oats? (b) How many 
rods in a mile; square rods in an acre; 
acres in a section? (c) How many quarts 
in a peck; units in a score; gallons in a 
barrel; cubic inches in a cubic foot; years 
in a century? 

7. (a) What part of a rod is 12y 2 
inches? (b) Reduce 21 bushels, 1 peck 
and 5 quarts to pints. 

8. (a) Write out a negotiable note 
drawn to your teacher. Face value $312.25, 
time 2 years and 5 months, rate of interest 
7%. (b) Find the amount of interest 
you would pay on this note for the given 
time. 

9. What will be the cost at $1.25 per 
square yard, of a rug for a floor 12 by 16 
feet if there is a margin 18 inches wide, 
extending around the room, which is not 
covered by the rug? (b) How many cubic 
feet in a circular tank which is 10 feet 
in diameter and 2y 2 feet deep? 

10. (a) If each of the 100,000,000 per- 
sons in the United States would save one 
lump of sugar each day, how many tons of 
sugar would be saved in a common year, 
counting 80 lumps of sugar to the pound? 
(b) What would be the value of the sugar 
in the preceding problem at $9.25 per hun- 
dred pounds? 

Lesson XI 

ARITHMETIC 
4-11-19 

1. (a) What is a unit, integer, fraction? 
(b) Define the following: product, quo- 
tient, dividend, sum. 

2. (a) Write the following in FIGURES: 
One hundred five and sixty-five thou- 
sandths; twenty-seven and one hundred 
four hundred thousandths, (b) Write the 
following in WORDS: .067563, 967.307. 

3. If a team of horses eats 1 pk. 6 qt. 
of oats a day, and oats are worth 70c per 
bushel, what is the cost of oats fed to a 
team of horses during the month of De- 
cember? 

4. If you buy eggs at 3 for 5c and sell 
them at 3 for 10c, how much would you 
gain on 10 dozen of eggs? 

5. A field 80 rods long and 60 rods wide 
yields 15 bushels of wheat to the acre. If 
wheat is sold at $2.00 per bushel, what is 
the value of the crop? 

6. Find the commission at 2% for sell- 
ing a car load of hogs weighing 18,000 
pounds at 16c per lb. What was received 
for the hogs after the commission was 
paid? 

7. What tax does a man pay whose prop- 
erty is valued at $95000 when the tax levy 
is 3 mills on the valuation? What is a 
poll tax? 

8. 35% of a regiment being sick, only 



637 men were able to enter battle. How 
many men in all in the entire regiment? 

9. Find the interest and amount of $950 
for two years, 6 mo., at 6%. 

10. Write a promissory note face of 
which is $500, interest 6%, making John 
Smith the maker and Charles Stone the 
payee. 

Lesson XII 

ARITHMETIC 
5-9-19 

1. (a) If a boy spends y 2 of & of his 
money for a ball and has 35c left, how 
much money had he at first? (b) How 
many feet in % of a mile? 

2. (a) Write in words: 24.304. 2,013,- 
016.06. $306.04. (b) Write in figures— 
Seventy-five ten-thousandths. Four hundred 
four and fourteen millionths. (c) Write in 
Roman Notation — 36, 19, 94. 

3. The cost of turning iy 2 bushels of 
wheat into 196 lbs. of flour and marketing 
the flour is $1.80. If wheat is $1.76 per 
bushel what is the actual cost of a 49 lb. 
sack of flour? 

4. A soldier's ration is Zy s ounces of 
sugar per day. What will it cost to supply 
a soldier with sugar for ten days if the 
sugar costs the government $7.50 per hun- 
dred pounds? 

5. (a) Write a promissory note, correct 
in form, for $360.50. Dated April 1st, 1919. 
Time 1 year, 4 months and 15 days. Rate 
of interest 8%. (b) Find amount to be 
paid at maturity. 

6. A storekeeper bought 30 cases of eggs 
in one day. Each case contained 30 dozen 
eggs at 26c per dozen. He shipped these to 
Omaha paying 50c per case freight and 
sold the whole lot for $271.50. What was 
his net gain per dozen? 

7. An auctioneer contracted to cry a 
sale for $20.00 and y 2 % commission on the 
total amount of the sale. If the sale a- 
mounted to $7650.00 what did the auc- 
tioneer receive for his services? 

8. A man owning property valued at 
$21,000.00 had this property insured for 
80% of its value at iy 2 % premium, (a) 
What was the amount of the premium? (b) 
What would be the total loss to the owner 
if the property should be totally destroyed? 

9. (a) How many rods of fence will it 
require to fence 20 acres in the form of a 
square? (Carry the length of a side to one 
decimal place only), (b) Find the area 
of a circle the radius of which is 15 
inches. 

10. A man sold two houses for $1200. 0(V 
each. On one he gained 20% and on the 
other he lost 20%. How much money did: 
he lose by the two transactions? 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



Lesson XIII 

ARITHMETIC 

3-26-20 

1. Place in a column and add: 

6842, 9367, 8524, 3179, 6245, 7628, 8403, 
3009. 

2. Perform the operations indicated: 
(a) 7485X2963=? (b) 2093218—754209 

= ? (c) 470932-4-628=? 

3. Write in words: 4628, CLIX, 29.012, 
% 6 , 12%%. 

4. Write table for avoirdupois weight 
and name five things whose quantity is de- 
termined by it. Same for liquid measure. 

5. How many feet in a mile; sq. rds. in 
an acre; ounces in a pound; seconds in a 
minute? 

6. If % of a number is 15, what is 2V 5 
times the number? Explain fully. 

7. A load of wheat, wagon and all, 
weighs 4126 pounds. The wagon alone 
weighs 1114 pounds. What is the grain 
worth at $2.15 per bushel? 

8. To what will $480.00 amount when 
put out on interest from January 1, 1918, 
to April 1, 1920, at 8% per annum? 

9. The valuation of the property in a 
consolidated school district is $275,365.00. 
If the school levy is 27 mills on the dollar, 
what amount of money will be raised for 
school purposes? 

10. How would you find the number of 
acres in a field? If given the distance 
that a train moves in a given time, how 
would you find the rate per hour? 

Lesson XIV 

ARITHMETIC 
5-7-20 

1. Define: unit, fraction, sum, quotient, 
discount. 

2. Write out fully the solution of the 
following problem: How many square 
feet in a surface 8 feet long and 6 feet 
wide? 

3. A farmer sold a team for $440, but 
did not receive his pay for them until 1 
year and 6 months after the sale. He had 
at the same time a cash offer of $400 for 
them. Did he gain or lose by the transac- 
tion, money being worth 8% per annum? 

^ 4. The premium paid for insuring a 
building at 1%% was $600. For what was 
the building insured? 

• 5. A house was sold for $1,800 which 
was 20% less than it cost. What was the 
cost of the house? 



</ 



6. What will it cost to seed a 15 acre 



field in wheat at $1.90 a bushel if it takes 
75 pounds to the acre? 

7. In a certain rural school there are 



30 pupils enrolled. If the average daily 
attendance has been 24, what was the per 
cent of attendance? 

8. Write in words: .0173, 69% % f 
2(4+3), CXIX, 75309. 

9. Write the table for square measure. 
In what two ways would a knowledge of 
it be beneficial? 

10. Divide 74.7 by .083. Multiply .031 
by 2y 2 . 

Lesson XV 

ARITHMETIC 
4-8-21 

1. Suppose a 40 acre field planted to 
corn for five years in succession produces 
60 bushels per acre the first year, 55 the 
second, 43 the third, 33 the fourth, and 50 
the fifth, what will be the value of the corn 
grown in the 5 years at 40 cents per 
bushel? 

2. If a landlady receives $60 for board- 
ing 3 men 5 weeks, how much should she 
receive for boarding 7 men 4 weeks? 

3. A field is 80 rods wide and 100 rods 
long, how many acres does it contain? 

4. A wheat field is 86 rods by 80 rods. 
It yields 860 bushels. What is the yield 
per acre? What would the owner receive 
for it at $1.58 per bushel? 

5. How many cubic inches in a tank 5 
feet in diameter and 4 feet deep? 

6. What is the amount on $500 at 6% 
for 3 years, 6 months and 10 days? 

7. A man has property valued at $24,- 
000. What will be his tax on y 5 valuation 
if the levy is 36 mills? 

8. A commission merchant sells for a 
factory 6700 pounds of cheese at 27 cents 
a pound. He charges 3% commission. 
What sum should he remit to his prin- 
cipal? 

9. A tank is 6% feet long, 4 1 /2 feet wide, 
and 2y 3 feet deep. How many gallons of 
water does it contain? 

10. An automobile is found to run 180 
miles on 16 gallons of gasoline. At this 
rate how much does it cost for gasoline 
for a season's run of 7650 miles, if gaso- 
line cost 26 1 /2 cents per gallon? 

Lesson XVI 

ARITHMETIC 
5-6-21 

1. Draw a township and number the 
sections. Locate the southeast quarter of 
section 7. 

2. What are a man's school taxes on a 
farm with an assessed valuation of $5,235, 
if the general school levy is 35 mills, and 
the bond levy is 5 mills? 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 



3. What is the cost of running an auto- 
mobile for a year when the original cost 
of the machine is $900, license $10, insur- 
ance $20, depreciation 30%, garage rent 
$7.00 per month, oil, repairs, etc., $50, and 
gasoline $104? 

4. From the product of 2987 and 78, 
take their sum. 

5. Divide 916875 by 894. 

6. Multiply .0045 by .098. 

7. Define: unit, fraction, sum, divisor, 
product. 

8. Find the simple interest on $750 for 
two years, three months, and fifteen days 
at 6%. 

9. A clerk receives $25 per week and he 
pays $7 per week for his board, $250 per 
year for clothes, and $125 per year for other 
expenses. How' much does he save in a 
year? 

10. What will it cost to plaster the 
walls and ceiling of a room 14 feet square 
and 10 feet high at 55c per square yard 
making no allowance for openings? 



Lesson XVII. 

ARITHMETIC 

4-7-22 

1. Define: Sum, unit, quotient, interest, 
fraction. 

2. How many bushels of wheat can be 
placed in a bin 4 ft. wide, 6 ft. high, and 
8 ft. long, if it requires l 1 /^ cu. ft. for a 
bushel? 

3. If you buy eggs at 4 for 10c and sell 
them at 4 for 15c, how much would you 
gain on 10 dozen eggs? 

4. Define the following: A fraction, a 
mixed number, numerator, denominator, 
proper fraction. 

5. Solve the following problems: 

(a) (% minus %) plus 1% . 

(b) (3% plus 2y 3 ) minus 3%. 

6. Write in words 50.19, 602.014, 1.791, 
«/9> 33i/3%. 

7. Reduce to decimals: 5/i6> i3/ 32 , %. 

8. What will it cost to plaster the walls 



and ceiling of a room 14 feet by 16 feet 
and 9 feet high at 75 cents per square 
yard? No allowance for doors and win- 
dows. 

9. A wheat field is 86 rods by 80 rods. 
It yields 860 bushels. What is the yield 
per acre? 

10. What is the interest on a $500 note 
at 8% annually for 2 years, 6 months, and 
15 days? 



Lesson XVIII. 

ARITHMETIC 

5-5-22 

1. Write in words the following: 2432; 
.300809; CLIX; 13.003; %. 

2. Add: 48 rd. 5 yd. 6 ft. 3 in. and 33 
rd. 4 yd. ft. 4 in. 

3. Subtract: 25 gal. 5 qt. 3 pt. from 37 
gal. 3 qt. 1 pt. 

4. A carload of steers, 22 head, aver- 
aging 1275 pounds sold on the Omaha 
market at 8 cents per pound. Find the 
amount received for the carload. 

5. An article costing $6 sold at 12*4 
per cent profit. Find the gain and selling 
price. 

6. (a) Find the sum of 546.8; 1.64; 
12.38; .07. (b) Multiply 6.37572 by .06. 
(c) Divide 6.37572 by .06. 

7. The World War broke out on August 
4, 1914, and the Armistice was signed No- 
vember 11, 1918. What was the time be- 
tween these two dates? 

8. Find the loss or gain on 10 acres of 
wheat, cost and returns as follows: Prep- 
aration of ground $60; seed $18; harvest- 
ing $15; threshing and all expenses $22; 
extra time $14; interest $.60. The yield 
was 20 bu. per acre at $1.12 per bushel. 

9. The valuation of the property in a 
consolidated school district is $275,365.00 
If the school levy is 27 mills on the dollar, 
what amount of money will be raised for 
school purposes? 

10. Find the cost of 50 boards, 16 feet 
long, 12 inches wide, and 1 inch thick, at 
$35 per M. 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



Arithmetic Answers 



ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson I. 

4-9-15 
1. (a) 13 ft. 4 in. 
+ 15 10 



28 14 in.=9 yd. 2 ft. 2 in. Ans. 
(b) 563412 

— 486789 



76623 Ans. 

2. (a) 8.09 

X .14 



3236 
809 



1.1326 
(b) Divide 1.69 by .0013=1300. Ans. 

See text book for rule for division of decimals. 

3. At 37 cents a bushel as many bushels of potatoes can be bought for $4.81 as 
.37 is contained in $4.81, or 13 bushels. Ans. 

4. 2850 lbs. X 15=42750 lbs., yield for one crop; 

42750 lbs X 3=128250 lbs., yield for the three crops; 
128250-^-2000=64.125, number of tons; 
$14.50 X 64.125=$929.8125. Ans. 

5. 134X52.5=7035, number of square rods in the field; 
7035^-160=43 31 /^2, number of acres. Ans. 

6. 14X 1 / £X2=14, number of board feet in one board; 
14X10=140, number of board feet. Ans. 

7. 40 acres at $40 per acre=$1600, cost of farm; 
$1600+$600=$2200, total cost of farm; 
100%=$2200; 

1%=$22; 

120%=$2640, selling price. Ans. 

8. 2 cups of sugar at 2% cents =$ .05 
!/i lb. of butter at 30 cents = .075 
^pint of milk at 8 cents per qt.= .02 
2 cups of flour at 3 cents = .06 
Baking powder and salt = .005 



.21 Ans. 
9. 5% of $5320=$266, interest for 1 year; 

Vs of $266=$88.66%, interest for 4 months; , 
10 days^ 1 /^ of Vvi or Hq of 1 year; 
%6 of $266=$7.38%, interest for 10 days; 
$266+$88.66 2 / 3 +$7.38%=$362.05% or $362.06. Ans. 

10. 90%=36 bu.; 
1%=4 bu.; 

100% =40 bu. Ans. 

11. The passenger train runs 3 %o as fast as the freight train. Therefore it 
will take the freight train 3 %o of 4 hours or 7 hours. Ans. 

Or, 20:35::4:X, or 7 hours. Ans. 
Or, in 1 hour the passenger train runs 35 miles; 
In 4 hours it will run 4X35 miles=140 miles; 
20 miles per hour, the rate the freight train runs; 
" 140-^-20=7 hours. Ans. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 

ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson II. 
5-7-15 
In one day there are 1440 minutes; 
5 days=5X1440 min. or 7200 minutes; 
15 hrs=15X60 min. or 900 minutes; 

20 min.= ♦ 20 minutes; 



8120 minutes. Answer. 

2. A pile of 2-foot wood 10 feet long and 4 feet high contains (2X10X4)=80 
cubic feet. Ans. 

3. 8 lbs. 12 oz.=8% lbs; 

8% lbs. at 24 cents per lb.=$2.10 
13 & lbs. at 20 cents per lb.= 2.65 



$4.75 Cost of bacon and ham. Answer. 

4. 3650 lbs.+2720 lbs.+5000 lbs.+1960 lbs+2750 lbs.=16080 lbs.; 
16080 lbs =(16080^2000)=8.04 tons; 

8.04 tons at $7.50=$60.3Q. Cost. Answer. 

5.- 18 ft =6 yds.; 

15 ft =5 yds.; 

9 ft. =3 yds.; 

(6 ydsX2) + (5 yds.X2) X3=66, number of sq. yds. in sides; 
6 yds.X5 yds. X 2=60, number sq. yds. in ceiling and floor; 
66 sq. yds. +60 sq. yds =126, number of sq. yds. in all. Answer. 

6. 40 ft.X20 ft.X2=1600, number of sq. ft. in roof; 
1600 sq. ft. X 144=230400, number of sq. inches; 
230400-^-16=14400, number of shingles. Answer. 

7. 380 lbs.=3.8 hundred; 

3.8 hundred at $6.75=$25.65, cost; 
% of 380 lbs =304 lbs., number of pounds sold; 
304 lbs. at 15 cents per pound=$45.60, selling price; 
$45.60— $25.65=$19.95, gain. Answer. 

8. %2+%= 1 %4, part traveled; 

2 Y24 — 1 ^24 : =^24, part yet to travel; 

%4=20 miles; 

-/24=4 miles; 

2 $24 = 96 miles. Answer. 

9. 1 year=6% interest; 

5 years=5X6%=30% interest; 
30% interest=$600; 
l%=l/30 of $600=$20; 

100% principal=100X$20=$2000, the principal. Answer. 

10. 120%=$6360; 
1%=$53; 

100%=$5300, cost; 

$5500— $5300=$200, gain had he sold it for $5500; 

$5300 cost=100%; 

$i=%wo of ioo%=%3%; 

$200=200 Xi/ 53 %=200/ 5 3% ) or 3 4i/ 53 % gain. Answer. 

11. 8 lbs. X 70=560 lbs. required; 

560 lbs. -^-56=10, number of bushels required. Answer. 

12. 1500 lath=1.5 M.; 

1.5 M. at $4.75 per M.= $7,125 
10 lbs. at $3.20 per cwt.= .32 
Labor putting on lath= 4.50 
10 bu. lime at 45 cents per bu.= 4.50 

6 lbs. hair at 4 cents per lb .= .24 
1 load of sand= 1.75 
Plasterer 2% days at $5 per day= 12.50 



$30,935 
100 sq. yds. cost $30,935; 
1 sq. yd. costs $ .30935, or 31 cents. Answer. 






STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson III. 

3-10-16 

1. 9% hrs., 10% hrs., 8% hrs., 9% hrs., 8% hrs.=46 11 /i 2 hrs.; 
46 n /i2 hrs. at 30 cents=$14.075, or $14.08. Answer. 

2. % of 120 bushels=75 bushels, what he saved; 
7% 20 — 62 y 2 % . Answer. 

3. He pays 98% of $360 if he pays cash; 
98% of $360=$352.80, cash. Answer. 

106%of $360=$381.60, amount paid if bought on a year's time. Answer. 

4. 50 acres of wheat at 30% bu. per acre— 1537.5 bu.; 
1537.5 bu. at 5c would cost $76,875, or $76.88. Answer. 

5. Diameter of the circle=20 ft.; 

V2 of the diameter— 10 ft. radius; 

The radius squared 10X10=100 sq. ft.; 

100 sq. ft.X3V 7 (pie)=220<# sq . f t . ; 

220 % sq. ft.X35 ft., the height of silo=11000 cubic feet; 

50 cubic feet=l ton; 

11000 cubic feet=11000-^50 cubic feet=220 tons. Answer. 

6. $45,000 valuation^ WO %; 

$1 valuations/45000 of 100%=io%5000%, or ^50%; 
$540=540 X 1,450 %= 54 %50%=l 1 /5%, rate of taxation on $1; 
iy 5 % of $1 or 100 cents=12 mills. Answer. 
This problem may also be solved as follows: 
$540-^$45,000=$ .012, or 12 mills. Answer. 

7. 3 men for 5 weeks=15 men for 1 week; 

$60 for 15 men for 1 week=$4 for 1 man for 1 week; 
7 men for 4 weeks=28 men for 1 week; 
$4X28=$112, amount received. Answer 
(See Lesson XV, No. 2.) 

8. $300+$500=$800, the capital invested; 
30 %oo or %=A's share of capital; 

% of $320=$120, A's share of gain; 
50 %oo or %=B , s share of capital; 
% of $320=$200, B's share of gain. 

9. 120 rods X 45 rods=5400, the area of the field in sq. rods; 
5400 sq. rods-^160=33.75, number of acres in field; 

15 bu.X 33.75=506.25 bu., yield of the field. Answer. 

10. $600.00 

Fort Wayne, Ind., March 1, 1913. 
Three years after date, I promise to pay Charles Rice, or order, Six hun- 
dred and No/100 Dollars, for value received with interest at 6%. 
No. 18. Due March 1, 1916. 

JAMES WILSON. 

11. 100% cost— 8% loss=92%, selling price; 

92% selling price=$3680; 

l%=l/92 of $3680=$40; 

100%=100X$40=$4000, cost of the house; 

100% cost+12y 2 % gain=112y 2 %, selling price to gain 12%%; 

100%=$4000; 

1%=%2 of $36S0=$40; 

112 1 / 2 %=112 1 /2 X$40=$4500, selling price. Answer. 

12. 1200 lbs X 80=96000 lbs., weight of steers on first market; 
96000 lbs. at $8.25 per cwt.=$7,920, amount on first market; 
4 lbs. X 80=320 lbs., gain in weight; 

96000 lbs.+320 lbs.=96320 lbs., weight at end of 2 weeks; 
96320 lbs. at $8.75=$8428, amount on second market; 
$8428— $24.50=$8403.50, total receipts; 
$8403.50— $7920=$483.50, gain. Answer. 

13. 1 acre=160 sq. rds.; 

40 acres=40 times 160 sq. rds.=6400 sq. rds.; 

The square root of 6400 sq. rds.=80 rds., length of one side; 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 11 

We have a right angle triangle whose base is 80 rods and whose perpendicu- 
lar is 80 rods, to find the hypotenuse. 
Squaring the base 80 rods (80X80)=6400 sq. rds.; 
Squaring the perpendicular 80 rds. (80X80)— 6400 sq. rds.; 

6400 sq. rds.+6400 sq. rds.=12800 sq. rds; 

Extract the square root of 12800 sq. rds.=113.13+ rods, the diagonal line 

from corner to corner. 

80 rods the base+80 rods the perpendicular the distance along the two sides 

of the 40 acre neld=160 rods; 

160 rods — 113.13+ rods=46.87 — rods saved. Answer. 



ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 
Lesson IV. 

4-14-16 

1. Add: 4 days, 20 hours, 40 minutes 

16 hours, 30 minutes 
1 day, 40 minutes 

5 days, 36 hours, 110 minutes=6 days, 13 hours, 50 minutes. Answer. 

2. 1 month's salary=$100; 

. 12 months' salary=12X$100=$1200, the salesman's salary, 
100% =$108,000, the salesman's total sales; 
l%=4ioo of $108,000=$1080; 
l^s%=%X$1080=$1215, commission; 
$1200 salary+$1215 commission=$2415. Ans. 

3. $105 + $35+$48+$54+$37.50+$90+$85=$454.50, cost; 
2250 bu. of corn at $ .57=$1282.50, income from farm; 
$1282.50— $454.50=$828.00, profit. Ans. 

4. (a) Divide 16700 by 695=24.0287 + . Ans. 
(b) Multiply 76.43 by 98.2=7505.426. Ans. 

5. (a) % of $1825= $365, groceries; 

200, rent; 
437, clothing; 
443, sundries; 

$1445, expenses. 
$1825— $1445=380, amount left at the end of the year. Ans. 
(b) $380-^12=$31.66%, net income per month. Ans. 

Net income is the amount left after all expenses have been paid. 
Sundries are many different small things or items. 

6. 5 mills=%%; 
100%=$150,000; 

l%=44oo of $150.000=$1500; 
i/ 2 %=y 2 of $1500=$750; 
$750^-20=$37.50, cost per pupil. Ans. 

7. 100%— 40%;=60%, cost of the furniture; 
60% of $60=$36, buying price; 

$60 selling price— $36 cost=$24, gain; 

$36 cost=100%; 

24 gain= 2 % 6 or % of 100%=66%%, profit. Ans. 

8. Draw a right angle triangle using the height of the building as the altitude 
(48 ft.) and the distance from the building to the foot of the ladder (13 ft.) as 
the base, then find the hypotenuse as follows: 

48 ft.X48 ft=2304 sq. ft. 
13 ft.X13 ffc= 169 sq. ft. 



Adding=2473 sq. ft. 

Extracting the square root of 2473 sq. ft.=49.72+ feet, length of the ladder. 
Ans. 

9. V2 of (6 ft.+3 ft.)=4 1 /^ ft., the average depth of the wheat; 
12 ft.X8 ft.X4V 2 ft.=432, number of cu. ft.; 
1& cu. ft.=l bu. 



12 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

432 cu. ft=432-^ 5 /4=432X%=345%, bushels. Ans. 

10. % of 150 barrels=50 bbls.; 

50 bbls. at $4.50 per bbl.=$225, selling price of Vs of the flour; 

100% cost— 10% loss=90%, selling price of % of the flour; 

90%=$225; 

l%=46o of $225=$2.50; 

100%=100X$2.50=$250, cost of 50 bbls. or Vs of the flour; 

$250, cost of 50 bbls. — $225, selling price=$25, loss on the 50 bbls. sold; 

50 bbls. cost $250; 

1 bbl. cost y 5 o of $250=$5.00, cost of 1 bbl. of the flour; 

He sells the balance of the flour (100 bbls.) at a profit of 6%; 

1 bbl. costs $5.00; 

100 bbls. cost 100X$5=$500; 

100%=$500; 

l%=^/ioo of $500=$5; 

6% profit=6X$5=$30, profit on remaining 100 bbls.; 

$30, profit of the 100 bbls.— $25, loss of the 50 bbls.=$5.00 net gain. Ans. 

11. % yds. wide X 40 yds. long=30 sq. yds. of carpet; 

i/io of 30 sq. yds.=3 sq. yds., number of sq. yds. in the rug; 

30 sq. yds. — 3 sq. yds=27 sq. yds., number of yards in the carpet. Ans. 

12. See Lesson III, No. 10. 

ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson V. 
5-5-15 

1. (a) There are 640 acres in a section, (b) There are 36 sections in a township, 
(c) For pupils, (d) At $6.48 per acre the increase on 160 acres would be 
$1036.80, amount of increase. Ans. 

2. (a) The L. C. M. of 60-15-8-120-12-30 is 120. Ans. 
(b) The G. C. D. of 9-27-1260-1683 is 9. Ans. 

3. $400, what "A" puts into the business+$600, what "B" puts into the business = 
$1000, what they both put into the business, which equals 100%; 

400 /iooo or Y 10 of 100%=40%, "A" share of the gain. Ans. 
60 %ooo or <Ho of 100%=60%, "B" share of the gain. Ans. 

4. (a) 100%=$3760; 
l%= 1 /ioo of $3760=$37.60; 

80%=80X$37.60=$3008, the face of the policy, 
(b) The annual premium is 30c per $100; 
$3008=30.08X$ .30=$9.024 or $9.02. Ans. 

5. (a) The difference between 3 sq. ft. and 3 ft. sq. is 6 sq. ft. Ans. 
Solution: 3 ft. sq.=3 ft.X3 ft.=9 sq. ft.; 

9 sq. ft. — 3 sq. ft.=6 sq. ft. Ans. 

(b) Multiply 2 yds. 1 ft. 4 in. by 8=19 yds. 1 ft. S in. Ans. 

6. Reduce 778 pints to bushels=16 bu. 5 qts. Ans. 

See your text book for this work. 

7. 4Y 5 da.+5% da.+5% da.=1537/ fi0 da.; 
15 3 %o da. at $3 per day=$46.85. Ans. 

8. 18 ft.XlO ft.X2=360 sq. ft., area of the two ends; 
27 ft. X 10 ft. X 2=540 sq. ft., area of the two sides; 
18 ft.X27 ft=486 ft., area of the ceiling; 

360 sq. ft. +540 sq. ft.+486 sq. ft.=1386 sq. ft.; 

1386 sq. ft=154 sq. yds.; 

154 sq. yds — 54 sq. yds.=100 sq. yds.; 

100 sq. yds. at 7c per yard=$7.00, cost of tinting. Ans. 

9. 1915— 8— 9 
1912—11—20 



2— 8—19, time; 
Interest for 1 yr. on $600 at 6%=$36; 
Interest for 2 yrs. is $72.00 
Interest for 8 mo. is 24.00 
Interest for 19 da. is 1.90 

$97.90, interest; 
$600 principal+$97.90, interest=$697.90, amount. Ans. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 13 

10. 10 mills+2 mills-hl3 mills=25 mills, or 2Y 2 %; 
100%=$5400; 

1%=1/100 of $5400=$54; 

2%%=2%X$54f=$135; 

$135.00+$2.50 poll tax=$137.50, total tax. Ans. 

11. This is what is termed a complex fraction and is to be reduced to a simple form 
of a fraction. See your text. 



8V 2 X7/13 
1/12 of 3M> 

% 


119/26 

7/24 
% 

11 

~189 


204 255 
13' 13" 

Then we have the 
complex fraction: 


255 
13 
11 


% of 77/ii 


189 



255 /i3- 1 M89= 255 /i3XiS9 /1 i=3374i 43 . Ans. 

The above, may be written: ([(8y 2 xy 13 )^(i/ 12 X3y 2 )]^%)^[y 3 ^(%X 77n)]. 

12. First solution: 

Since a train passes 23 telegraph poles in 3 minutes; 

In 1 minute it will pass Vs of 23 poles=7% poles; 

60 minutes or 1 hour=60X7% poles : =640 poles; 

1 pole : = : 88 yds.; 

640 poles=640X88 yds. =40480 yds.; 

1760 yds.=l mile; 

40480 yds.=40480^1760=23 miles per hour. Ans. 

Second solution: 

Since the train passes 23 telegraph poles every 3 minutes, it would travel 23 

times 88 yds. or 2024 yds. every 3 minutes. In one minute it would travel % of 

2024 yds. or 674% yds. In one hour it would travel 60 times 674% yds. or 40480 

yds.; 40480 yds. equals 23 miles per hour. Ans. 



ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson VI. 
3-23-17 

1. (a) To find the area of a square you must know the length of one side, then 
square the side, (b) To find the area of a triangle multiply the base by V2 the 
altitude. In a triangle, you must know the base and altitude to find its area. 

2. If the dimensions of a square are given, multiply one side by 4 to find the peri- 
meter. 

3. To find the number of acres of ground in a field when the base, altitude and 
hypothenuse are given, multiply the base by V2 the altitude. If the unit of 
measure is rods, divide the number of square rods by 160 to find the number of 
acres. 

4. If 7 acres yielded 1260 bushels, one acre yielded 1/7 of 1260 bushels or 180 
bushels. And in 26 acres there would be 26 times 180, or 4680 bushels. Ans. 

5. $1250^$50000=$ .025, or 25 mills. 

6. Placing zeroes to the right of a decimal does not alter its value. Placing zero 
to the left of a decimal divides the value of the decimal by ten. 

7. (a) Since the horse was sold for 20% less than the cost, it was sold for 80% of 
the cost. 

80%=$200; 

l%=l/80 of $200=$2.50; 

100%=100X$2.50=$250, the first buying price of the horse. Ans. 

(b) 100%=$200; 

l%= 1 ioo of $200=$2.00; 

125% what the purchaser of the horse must sell him for, to gain 25%=125X 

$2.00=$250. Ans. What the buyer must sell the horse for to gain 25%. 



14 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

8. May == 31 days 
June = 30 days 
July =31 days 
Aug. = 31 days 

Total 123 days 
In 1 day the cow gives 4 gallons of milk; 
123 days=123X4 gallons=492 gallons; 
% of 492 gallons=328 gallons, milk sold; 
1 gallon=32 cents; 

328 gallons=328X32c=$104.96, received for milk; 

$95.00 received for the cow+$104.96, the milk=$199.96, total amount received; 
The interest of $75 for 123 days at 7%=$1.79%; 
$75, cost of the cow+$1.79% =$76.79%, total cost of the cow; 
$199.96— 76.79%=$123.16%, or $123.17, gain. Ans. 

9. 100%= the amount spent for wheat; 
3%=$55.80; 

1% = % of $55.80=$18.60; 

100%=100X$18.60=$1860, amount spent for wheat. Ans. 

10. Following problems originated to fill conditions required: 

A man bought a horse for $100 and sold him at a profit of 25%, what did. he 
sell the horse for and what was his profit? 

(a) 100% cost=$100; 
l%=^/ioo of $100=$1; 

125% selling price=125X$l=$125, selling price. Ans. 
$125— $100=$25, profit. Ans. 

(b) A man sells a horse for $125, thereby gaining 25%, what is the cost of the 
horse ? 

100% cost+25% profit=125%, selling price; 

125%=$125; 

l%== 1 /i25 of $125=$1; 

100% cost=100X$l=$100, cost of the horse. Ans. 

11. The 45 combinations or facts in addition are: 

123456789 
111111111 

Note — If pupils do not know these facts, the 23456789 
teacher should stop before beginning the third 22222222 
grade work and teach them. ________ 

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 

4 5 6 7 8 9 
4 4 4 4 4 4 

5 6 7 8 9 
5 5 5 5 5 

6 7 8 9 
6 6 6 Q 

7 8 9 

7 7 7 

8 9 
8 8 

9 
9 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 15 



12. 125% of $30=$37.50, per mo. after raise; 
$37.50X12=$450, per year after raise; 
$9X52=$468, salary per year by the week; 
$468— $450=$18, gain. Ans. 



ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson VII. 
5-11-17 

1. (a) Divide 5625. by .00005=112,500,000. Ans. 

(b) Divide 5. by .25=20. Ans. 

(c) Divide .255 by 25. =.0102. Ans. 

2. 75 tons+135 tons=210 tons, what they both ship; 

75 tons= 7 %io or %4, first man's share of the freight. Ans. 

135 tons= 13 %io or 9 /i±, second man's share of the freight. Ans. 

3. (a) 7)7007 Prime factors of 7007 are 7, 13, 7, 11. Ans. 



13)1001 Second part same method. 



7) 77 



11 
(b) Prime factors of 7644 are 2, 2, 3, 7, 91. Ans. 

4. A cellar 30 ft. long, 30 ft. wide, and 6 ft. deep=30X 30X6=5400 cu, ft. 
27 cu. ft.=l cu. yd.; 

5400 cu. ft =5400-^-27 cu. ft.=200 cu. yds. Ans. 

5. % + : /4=%o, the part of the pole in mud and water; 
-%) of the pole is in the air; 

i% =44 feet; 

1 /4o=4 feet; 

2 %o— 80 feet, length of pole. Ans. 

6. A box 3 ft. long, 2 ft. wide, 2% ft. high, contains 15 cu. ft.; 
1% cu. ft.=l bu.; 

15 cu. it=15+%=15X 4 / 5 =12 bu. Ans. 

7. 100%=$8'40; 

l%=i/ioo of $840=$8.40, what 1% would equal in 1 yr.; 

2 yrs. 3 mos =2^4 yrs.; 

2% yrs.=2 1 / 4X$8.40=$18.90, what 1% would equal in 2 yrs. 3 mos.; 

$64.80^$18.90=33/ 7 %. Ans. 

Another solution for the above problem: 

$64.80=the interest for 2 yrs. 3 mos.; 

2^4 yrs =$64.80 interest; 

1 yr.=$64.8'0^2 1 / 4=$64.80^%=$64.80X%=$28.80; 

100%=$840; 

1%=$8.40; 

$28.80=as many % as $8.40 is contained in $28.80=3f 7 %. Ans. 

8. 100%=$6000; 
1%^/ioo of $6000=$60; 

80%=80X$60=$4800, the amount of insurance on the house; 
$4800=100%; 
• $1=1/4800 of 100%= 1094800 or 1/48%; 
$60=60Xl/48%=l 1 / 4%. Ans. 

9. A wall 6 ft. by 40 ft. by 12 in. contains 240 sq. ft.; 
240X22=5280, number of bricks required. Ans. 

10. 75 miles=$1.50; 

1 mile=y 7 5 of $1.50=$ .02 or 2 cents; 
275 miles=275X2 cents=$5.50. Ans. 



16 STEPHENSON' IS EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson VIII. 

5-11-17 
1. (a) Add: 

48 rods 5 yd. 6 ft. 3 in. 
33 rods 4 yd. ft. 4 in. 



G>) 



83 


rods 





yd. 


ft. 


7 


in. 


Subtract : 












37 


gal. 


3 


qt. 


1 pt. 






25 


gal. 


5 


qt. 


3 pt. 







Ans. 



11 gal. 1 qt. pt. Ans. 

2. 9 weeks, 7 da., 15 min., 35 sec.=6,048,935. Ans. 

3. 5%=$150; 

l%,=i/ 5 of $150=$30; 

100% = 100X$30=$3000. Ans. 

4. See Lesson IV, No. 8. 

This is a right angle triangle with the hypotenuse and base given to find the 

perpendicular. 

Squaring the hypotenuse, 45 ft.=2025 sq. ft. 

Squaring the base, 20 ft.= 400 sq. ft. 



Subtracting 1625 sq. ft. 
Extracting the square root of 1625=40.31+ ft. Ans. 

At 25 bu. per acre the yield is 2750 bu.; 
2750 bu. at 4c per bu.= $100, paid for threshing; 
10 days at $4 per day= $ 40, paid for stacking; 

$500, other expenses; 

$640, total expenses; 
2750 bu. at $1.50 per bu. : =$4125, amount received for wheat; 

Less 640 



$3485, amount netted. Ans. 

6. (a) The sum left after the commission and expenses have been paid is called 
Net Proceeds. 

(b) A written promise to pay a sum of money at a specified time is called a 
Promissory Note. 

(c) The compensation allowed a commission merchant is called his Commission 
or Brokerage. 

(d) A tax is a sum of money assessed upon the person, property or business of 
individuals or corporations for public use. 

(e) Security against loss or damage is called Insurance. 

7. % of $5000 is $4166.66, amount insured; 

2V 2 % of $4166.66=$104.16%, the premium, or $104.17. Ans. 

8. (a) There are 640 acres of land in a section. 

(b) If it is in the form of a square it will take 1280 rods of wire to fence a 
section. 

9. 25 ft.X20 ft.X12 ft.=6000 cu. ft.; 
1% cu. ft.=l bu.; 

6000 cu. ft==6000-H%=6000X%=4800 bu. Ans. 
(Also see Lesson VII, No. 6.) 

10. Diameter 6 ft.-^2=3 ft., radius; 
Square the radius3X3=9 sq. ft; 

9 sq. ft.X3 1 /7=28% sq. ft., area of the bottom of the cistern; 

28% sq. ft.X12 ft.=339% cu. ft., in the cistern; 

1 cu. ft. =7% gallons; 

339 : fz cu. ft.= 339^X7 Ms gallons=2545% gallons. Ans. 

(Use IVz gallons in 1 cu. ft.) 

11. Diameter 15 ft.-^2=7% ft., radius; 
Squaring the radius 7% X7 1 / 2 =56 1 / i sq. ft.; 
56V 4 sq. ft. X 3^=176% sq. ft.; 
176H/ 14 X30 ft.=5303y 7 cu. ft. Ans. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 17 

12. 100%, cost of each suit+25% profit=125%, selling price; 
100% cost=$12; 
l% =1 /ioo of $12=$ .12; 

125%=125X$ .12=$15, selling- price of each suit, at first marking; 
100%=$15; 

l%=41oo of $15=$ .15; 

90%=90X$ .15=$13.50, selling price after marking them down 10%; 
$13.50 — $12=$1.50, amount finally gained on each suit; 
$12 cost=100%; 
$l=Vi.> of 100%= 2 %%; 
$1.50=%X2%%=12%%. Ans. 



ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson IX. 

4-12-18 

1. (a) The sum is the result obtained by addition. 
The quotient is the result obtained by division. 
The product is the result obtained by multiplication. 
The dividend is the number to be divided. 

The difference is the result obtained by subtracting, also called the remainder. 
(b) 964971 Proof— Add 346782 
346782 618189 



618189 964971 

The sum of the subtrahend and the remainder is equal to the minuend. 

2. (a) A fraction is one or more of the equal parts of a unit. 

(b) The numerator and denominator together are called the terms of the frac- 
tion. 

(c) A fraction whose numerator is less than its denominator is called a proper 
fraction. 

(d) A fraction whose numerator equals or exceeds its denominator is called an 
improper fraction. 

3.' "%<F*%>; 

»%tf=m 4 . Ans. . 
12 %-5= 2 %5; 

2 % 5 =%3. Ans. 

75i5/ 28 =2iuy 98 . Ans< 

305-y 7 = 2138 /7. Ans. 

4. (a) %=all the farm. 
%=$1521; 

i/ 5 :=i/3 of $1521=$507; 

%=5X$507=$2535, the value of the farm; 

%=$2535; 

Vz = Vz of $2535=$845; 

%=2X$845=$1690, the value of % of the farm. Ans. 

(b) % of 20=36; 

% of a number=36; 

Vs of the number=^ of 36=9; 

% the number=3X9=27. Ans. 

(c) 208=100%; 

1=1/208 of ioo%= 1 °%o8%; 

96=96 Xio% 08 %=462/i3%. Ans. 

5. (a) 85.75^.0049=17500. Ans. 
(b) April has 30 days; 
lda.=24 hrs.; 

30 days=30X24 hrs.=720 hrs.; , . 

1 hr.=60 min.; 

720 hrs.=720X60 min.=43200 minutes. Ans. 



IS STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

6. (a) 100%, cost of the first horse; 
25%, gain on the first horse; 

100% +25% gain=125%, selling price of the first horse; 

125%=$150; 

l%=:i/ 125 of $150=$1.20; 

100%=100X$1.20=$120, cost of the first horse; 

100%, cost of the second horse; 

25%, the loss on the second horse; 

100% — 25% \oss=157o, the selling price of the second horse; 

75%=$150; 

1%=4 7 75 of $150=$2; 

100%=100X$2=$200, the cost of the second horse; 

$120 cost of the first horse+$200 cost of the second horse=$320; 

$320 cost of the two horses — $300 selling price of the two horses=$20 loss. Ans. 

(b) 6% of $560=$33.60, interest for 1 year; 

4 yrs. 7 mo.=4%2 yrs.; 

4% 2 yrs.= 4yi 2 X$33.60=$154. Ans. 

7. A board 16 ft. long XI ft. wide XI inch thick=16 sq. ft., or 16 board feet; 
50 boards*=50X16 board feet=800 board feet; 

800 board feet at $35 per "M"=$28. Ans. 

8. A tank 12 ft. long, 1V 2 ft. deep, and 2 ft. wide contains 12X1^X2=36 cu. ft.; 
1 cu. ft. of water contains 7% gallons; 

36 cu. ft. of water=36X7% gallons=270 gallons. Ans. 
(Use 7M$ gallons to the cu. ft. of water.) 

9. Base of the triangle=12 inches; 
Altitude of the triangle=9 inches; 
Area to be found. 

12 in.X9 in.=108 sq. in.; 

108 sq. in.-H2=54 sq. in. Ans. 

10. $30076-^$4.12=7300, "Baby Bonds" sold. Ans. 

ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson X. 
5-9-18 

1. (a) Three hundred four million, twenty-five thousand, three hundred forty-three 
and three tenths. 

(b) Four and five hundred seventy-six hundred-thousandths. 

(c) One hundred ninety-four. 

2. (a) Add 346%, 25%, 4259% 2 , 5006=9637Hi8. Ans. 

(b) Subtract 43.65308 from 3406.7=3363.044692. Ans. 

3. 100% i =the man's salary before the increase; 
121%=$1766.60; 

l%=i/ 121 of $1766.60=$14.60; 
100% = 100X$14.60=$1460. Ans. 

4. (a) 315 lb.Xll=3465 lb., weight of hogs; 

3465 lb. at $16.30 per hundred=$564.79y 2 , or $564.80. Ans. 

(b) 1460 lb.-^2000=.73 tons; 

$11.25 X.73=$8.21, worth of coal. Ans. 

5. (a) 64X24y 2 =1568, number of sq. rds.; 
1568-M60=9.8, number of acres in field; 
23 bu.X9.8=225.4 bu., yield; 

$2.20X225.4=$495.8'8, amount received for wheat. Ans. 
(b) $9.50X9.8=$93.10, total expense; 

$495.88— $93.10=$402.78, net receipts. Ans. 

6. (a) 60 lb. in a bushel of wheat, 
56 lb. in a bushel of shelled corn, 
701b. in a bushel of ear corn, 

60 lb. in a bushel of potatoes, 
32 lb. in a bushel of oats, 
(b) 320 rds. in a mile, 
160 sq. rd. in an acre, 
640 acres in a section. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 19 



(c) 8 qt. in a peck, 

20 units in a score, 
31 y 2 gal. in a bbl., 
1728 cu. in. in a cu. ft., 
100 yr. in a century. 

7. (a) 16% feet=l rod; 
1 ft. =12 inches; 

16y> feet=16 1 / 2 X12 inches=198 inches; 
12 1 /2 inches is what part of 198" inches ? 
12V 2 in=12 1 / 2 -^198= 2 %96. Ans. 
(b) 1 bu.=4 pecks; 

21 bu.=21X4"pks.=84 pks.; 

84 pks.+l pk.=85 pks.; 
1 pk.=8 qts.; 

85 pks.=85X8 pks.=680 qts.; 
680 qts.+5 qts.=685 qts.; 

1 qt.=2 pts.; 

685 qts=68'5X2 pts.=1370 pts. Ans. 

8. (a) See No. 10, Lesson III. 

(b) Inst, on $312.25 for 1 yr. at 7%=$21.8575; 
Inst, for 1 mon.= $ 1.8214 

Inst, for 5 moF $ 9.107 

Inst, for second yr.= $21.8575 



Inst, for 2 yr. 5 mo.= $52.82 Ans. 

9. If there is a margin 18 inches wide extending around the room, the space inside 
would be 9 feet by 13 feet. 9 multiplied by 13 equals 117, the number of sq. ft. 
to be covered by the rug. 117 sq. ft. divided by 9 equals 13, number of square 
yards in the carpet. 13 yards of rug at $1.25 equals $16.25, cost of the rug. Ans. 
(b) (10X10) X.7854=78.54 sq. ft., the area of the base; 
7S'.54X2 1 / 2 = 196.35 cu. ft. in tank. Ans. 
10. (a) 100000000X365=36500000000, number of lumps saved; 
36500000000-^80=456250000, number of pounds saved; 
456250000-^2000=228125, number of tons saved. Ans. 
(b) 456250000 lb.-M00=4562500 cwt. of sugar; 
4562500 cwt. at $9.25 per cwt.=$42205125, amount saved. Ans. 



ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson XI. 

4-11-19 

1. (a) A single thing is called a unit. 

A number that expresses whole units is called an interger. 

One or more of the equal parts of anything is called a fraction. 

(b) The result obtained by multiplying is called the product. 

The result obtained by division is called the quotient. 

The number to be divided is called the dividend. 

The result obtained by adding is called the sum, or amount. 

2. (a) 105.065, 27.00104. Ans. 

(b) Sixty-seven thousand, five hundred sixty-three millionths. Ans. 
Nine hundred sixty-seven, and three hundred seven thousandths. Ans. 

3. 31 days in December; 
1 pk. 6 qt.=14 qt.; 

14 qt.= 1 %o or 7 /is bu.; 

1 da.=%6 bu., amount the horses eat in 1 da.; 

31 days=31X7/ 16 bu.=13% 6 bu.; 

1 bu.=70 cents; 

13 9 /ie bu.= 13% 6 X70 cents=$9.49. Ans. 

4. Since you buy 3 eggs for 5c you pay %c for one egg. Since you sell 3 eggs for 
10c you receive *%c for one egg. You, therefore, gain %c on each egg. On 
10 dozen you would gain 120 times %c or $2. Ans. 






20 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

5. 80X60=4800, number of square rods in the field; 
4800-^160=30, number of acres in the field; 
15X30=450, number of bushels; 
450X$2.00=$900, value of the crop. Ans. 

6. (a) 2% of (16cX18000) =$57.60, commission; 

$ .16X18000=$2880, amount received for the hogs. Ans. 

(b) $2S'80 — $57.60=$2822.40, amount received after the commission was paid. 

Ans. 

7. $95000 X$.003=$285, the tax. Ans. 

A sum of money assessed upon persons is called a poll tax. 

8. 100% — 35% sick=65%, the number of men able to enter the battle; 
65%=637 men; 

1%=Ygo of 637 men=9.8 men; 
100%=100X9.8 men=980 men. Ans. 

9. 6% of $950=$57, interest for one year; 
$57X2y 2 =$142.50, interest for 2 yr. 6 mo.; 
$950+$142.50=$1092.50, amount for 2V 2 years. Ans. 

10. See No. 10, Lesson IV. 

ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson XII. 
5-9-19 

1. (a) M> of 1 /4 = %, part spent; 
% — %=%, part he had left; 
%=$ .35, amount left; 
%=$.05; 

% — $ .40, amount he had at first. Ans. 
(b) % of 5280 ft.=3520 ft. Ans. 

2. (a) Twenty -four, and three hundred four thousandths; 
Two million, thirteen thousand, sixteen, and six hundredths; 

Three hundred six dollars, four cents, or three hundred six and four hundredths 
dollars. 

(b) .0075, 404.000014. 

(c) XXXVI, XIX, XCIV. 

3. $1.76X4y 2 =$7.92, cost of 4V 2 bu. or 196 lbs.; 
$7.92+$1.80=$9.72, total cost of 196 lbs.; 
196 lbs. cost $9.72; 

1 lb. cost 1/196 of $9.72=^f- 

■ $9.72 

49 lbs cost 49X\gg-=$2.43. Ans. 

4. 3% oz.X 10=32 oz. or 2 lb., sugar ration for 10 days; 

2 lb.=%oo or % of a cwt.; 
Voo of $7.50=$ .15, cost. Ans. 

5. (a) For form see No. 10, Lesson III. 

(b) 8% of $360.50=$28.84, interest for 1 year; 

4 mo. and 15 da. =4% mo.; 

Vr> of $28.84=$2.403, interest for 1 mo.; 

$2.403 X4V 2 =$10.81, interest for 4M> mo.; 

$28.84+$10.S'l=$39.65, interest; 

$360.50+ $39.65=$400.15, amount due at maturity. Ans. 

6. 30X30=900, number of dozen eggs shipped; 
$ .26X900=$234, cost of eggs; 
$.5OX30=$15, freight; 
$234+$15=$249, total cost of eggs; 

900 dozen eggs cost $245; 

900 dozen eggs sell for $271.50; 

$271.50— $249=$22.50, profit on 900 dozen; 

900 dozen=$22.50, profit; 

1 doz^fwo of $22.50=$ .025 or 2V 2 cents, profit per dozen. Ans. 

7. 100%=$7650, total amount of the sales; 
l%=44oo of $7650=$76.50; 

1 / 2 %= 1 / 2 X$76.50=$38.25, the auctioneer's commission; 
$20+$38.25=$58.25, total amount the auctioneer received. Ans. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 21 

8. (a) 100%=$21000; 
l%=34oo of $21000=$210; 
1%Vloo of $21000=$210; 

80%=80X$210=$16800, the amount of the insurance on the property; 

100%=$16800, the total insurance; 

l%=}ioo of $16800=$168; 

1 1 /£%=1 1 / 2 X$168=$252, premium. Ans. 

(b) 80% of $21000=$16800, amount received in case of total loss by fire. Ans. 

9. (a) 160 sq. rd.X 20=3200, number of sq. rd. in the field; 

The square root of 3200 gives 56.6, length of one side of the square; 

56.6 rd.X 4=226.4 rd., number of rd. required. Ans. 

(b) Squaring the radius 15 in.=(15X15)=225 sq. in.; 

225 sq. in. X 3.1416=706.86 sq. in., area of the circle. Ans. 

10. 120% =$1200, selling price of the first; 
1%=$10; 

100% =$1000, buying price of the first; 
80% =$1200, selling price of the second; 
1%=$15; 

100% =$1500, buying price of the second; 
1000+$1500=$2500, cost of both; 
$1200+$1200=$2400, amount received for both; 
$2500— $2400=$100, amount loss. Ans. 



ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson XIII. 

3-26-20 

1. 6842 + 9367+8524+3179+6245+7628+2403 + 3009=53197. Ans. 

2. (a) 7485X2963=22,178,055. Ans. 

(b) 2093218—754209=1,339,009. Ans. 

(c) 470932^-628=749.8917 + . Ans. 

3. Four thousand, six hundred twenty-eight; 
One hundred fifty nine; 

Twenty -nine, and twelve thousandths; 

Three sixteenths; 

Twelve and one half per cent. 

4. (a) Avoirdupois Weight: 
16 oz. make 1 pound, 

100 lbs. make 1 hundred-weight, 

20 cwt. or 2000 lbs. make 1 ton. 

Wheat, oats, corn, hogs, cattle and all ordinary articles are weighed by the 

avoirdupois weight. 

(b) Liquid Measure: 

4 gills make 1 pint, 

2 pts. make 1 quart, 

4 qts. make 1 gallon. 

Liquid Measure is used in measuring liquids, such as water, cider, vinegar, etc. 

5. There are 5280 feet in a mile. 
There are 160 sq. rd. in an acre. 

There are 16 ounces in a pound avoirdupois. 
There are 60 seconds in a minute. 

6. (a) %of a number=15; 

Vs of the number=% of 15=5; 

%, the number =8X5=40, the number. Ans. 

(b) 2Ys times the number=2ysX 40=88. Ans. 

7. 4126 lb.— 1114 lb.=3012 lb., net weight; 
3012-^60=50.2, number of bu.; 

50.2 bu. at $2.15 per bu.=$107.93. Ans. 



22 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



8. 1920—4—1 
1918—1—1 



2—3 =2 1 A years. Time. 



$480, principal 
.08, rate 



$38'.40, int. for 1 yr. 

2^4 X $38.40= $86.40, int. for 2% yr. 
$480.00, principal 

$566.40, amount. Ans. 
9. $275365 X.027=$7434.855, amount raised. Ans. 
(See Lesson IV, No. 6.) 
10. (a) To find the number of acres in a field, multiply the length in rods by the 
width in rods and divide the product by 160 sq. rds. 

(b) To find the rate per hour a train travels in a given time, divide the number 
of units representing the distance by the number of units representing the num- 
ber of hours. 

ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson XIV. 
5-7-20 

1. A discount is a percentage deducted from the marked or list price of goods to be 
sold, or from a note or debt. 

For unit, fraction, sum, and quotient, see No. 1, Lesson XI. 

2. In this problem the rectangle is 8 feet long and 6 feet wide. It may be divided 
into rows, each row containing square feet or units, and the entire area will 
contain 6 sq. ft.X8, or 48 sq. ft. We see that the area of a rectangle may be 
found by multiplying 1 square unit of area by the number of units in length by 
the number of the same kind of units in the width. 

3. 100% =$400, the cash offer; 
l%=41oo of $400=$4; 
8%=8X$4=$32, int. for 1 year; 

1% yrs.=l%X$32=$48, int. for 1% yrs. 

$400 principal-f$48 interest=$448, what the team would have brought if sold for 

cash; 
$448 — $440=$8, loss by selling the team on time. Ans. 

4. 1%%=$600; 
1%=$400; 

100%=$40000, amount of insurance. Ans. 

5. 100%— 20%=80%; 
80%— $1800; 

1% =$22.50; 
100%=$2250, cost. Ans. 

6. 75 lb. X 15=1125 lb., number of lb. required; 
1125-^60=18.75, number of bu. required; 

• $1.90X1S.75=$35.62%, cost. Ans. 

7. 30 pupils enrolled=100%; 

1 pupil=l/30 of 100%=100/30%; 
24 pupils=24Xio% %=80%. Ans. 

8. .0173=One hundred seventy-three ten-thousandths. 
69%%=Sixty-nine and one third per cent. 
2(4+3)=Two times the quantity four plus three. 
CXIX=One hundred nineteen. 
75309 :::::: Seventy-five thousand, three hundred nine. 

9. Square Measure: 

144 square inches make 1 square foot; 
9 sq. ft. make 1 square yard; 
30% sq. yds. make 1 square rod; 
160 sq. rds. make 1 acre. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 23 

It enables a person to figure out how many acres in a piece of ground; also 
the area of circles, triangles, etc. 

10. (a) Divide 74.7 by .083=900. Ans. 

(b) Multiply .031 by 2y 2 =.031 by 2.5=.0775. Ans. 
(Also see Lesson I, Nos. 1 and 2.) 



1. 60, first yr. 

55, second yr. 
43, third yr. 
33, fourth yr. 
50, fifth yr. 



ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson XV. 

4-8-21 



241, number of bushel produced on 1 acre in five years; 
40 



9640, number of bushel on 40 acres; 
.40 



$3856.00, number of dollars received. Ans. 

2. (a) Boarding 3 men 5 weeks is the same as boarding 1 man 15 weeks; 
15 weeks=$60; 

1 week=yi 5 of $60=$4; 

7 men for 4 weeks=l man for 28 weeks; 

1 week=$4; 

28 weeks=28X$4=$112. Ans. 

(b) Solved by compound proportion as follows: 

3 men :7 men ] 7X4X$60 

h:$60 : ($)= —=$112. Ans. 

5 wks. : 4 wks.J 5X3 

(See Lesson III, No. 7.) 

3. 80X100=8000, number of sq. rd.; 
8000-^160=50, number of acres. Ans. 

4. (a) 86X80=6880, number of sq. rd.; 
6880-^160=43, number of acres; 
860-^-43=20, number bu. per acre. Ans. 

(b) $1.58X20=$31.60, amount received per acre; 
$31.60 X43=$135S'.80, amount received. Ans. 

5. 135771^ cu. in. Ans. See Lesson X, No. 9; also Lesson VIII, No. 10. 
(Pie=3 1 /r in above problem.) 

6. 605.83%, amount. Ans. See Lesson XII, No. 5; also Lesson I, No. 9. 

7. Ys of $4800, assessed value of the property; 
36 mills=3.6%; 

100%=$4800; 

l%=yioo of $4800=$48; . 

3.6%=3.6X$48=$172.80, taxes. Ans. 

8. 6700 lb. at 27c=$1809, amount received for the cheese; 
100%— 3%=97%, remitted to his principal; 

97% of $1809=$1754.73, sum he remitted to his principal. Ans. 

9. 6% ft.X4 1 /2 ft.X2V3 ft=70% cu. ft. of water in the tank; 
1 cu. ft.=7% gallons; 

70 7 / 8 cu. ft=70 7 /8X7y 2 gallons=-531% 6 gallons. Ans. 

10. Vie of 180=11.25, number of miles on 1 gal.; 
7650-^-11.25=680, number of gal. required; 
680 gal. at 26 1 / 2 c=$180.20, cost. Ans. 



24 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson XVI. 

5-6-21 

1. Government lands are laid out by surveyors in townships 6 miles square, each 
townships containing 36 sections. Sections are numbered, beginning in the 
northeast corner of the township, and proceeding west and east alternately till 
number 36 is reached. Quarter sections are located in a section by designating 
them as northeast quarter, northwest quarter, southeast quarter and southwest 
quarter. 

To meet the requirements of this problem, draw a 6 inch square and divide it 
into inch squares. Begin in the northeast corner and number these squares as 
given above. . 

Every teacher and every pupil should familiarize himself with "descriptions" 
of land under the government survey. Let pupils find out the. description of the 
land upon which the school-house is located, etc. 

2. 35 mills plus 5 mills equals 40 mills or 4%; 

4% of $5235 equals $209.40, the school tax. Ans. 

3. 30% of $900 equals $270, depreciation of car; 

10, license; 
20, insurance; 
$7 times 12 equals 84, garage rent; 

50, oil, repairs, etc.; 
104, gasoline. 



$538, total cost. Ans. 
4. 2987X78-232,986, product; 
2987+78= 3,065, sum; 



229,921. Ans., 

5. Divide 916875 by 894=1025 175/298. Ans. 

6. Multiply .0045 by .098=.0004410. Ans. (See Lesson I, No. 2.) 

7. The number by which we divide is called the divisor. 
For unit, fraction, sum, and product, see No. 1, Lesson XI. 

8. 100%=$750; 
l%=Vioo of $750=$7.50; 

6% = 6X$7.50=$45, int. for 1 yr.; 

2 yrs. 3 mo. 15 das.=2%4 yrs.; 

2%4 yrs.=2% 4 X$45=$103.12y 2 . Ans. 

9. $25X52=$1300, salary for the year; 
$7X52=$364, board for the year; 

250, for clothing for the year; 
125, other expenses for the year; 



$739, total expenses for the year. 
$1300— $739=$561, amount saved. Ans. 
10. 14X10X4=560, number of sq. ft. in walls; 
14X14= 196, number sq. ft. in ceiling; 

756, number of sq. ft. in walls and ceiling; 
756 sq. ft-^9=84, number of sq. yd. in walls and ceiling; 
84 sq. yd. at 55c per sq. yd. =$46.20, cost. Ans. 

ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson XVII. 

4-7-22 

1. See Lesson IV, No. 2; Lesson XI, No. 1, and Lesson XVI, No. 7. 

2. 4 ft.X6 ft.X8 ft.=192 cu. ft. in the bin; 
W± cu. ft =1 bu.; 

192 cu. ft=192^-%=192X 4 / 5 =153 3 /5 bushels. Ans. 

3. 4 eggs cost 10 cents; 

1 egg costs i/4 of 10 cents=2 : !^ cents; 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 25 

4 eggs sell for 15 cents; 

1 egg sells for % of 15 cents=3% cents; 

3% cents — 2% cents=% cents gained on each egg; 

10 doz.=10X12 eggs=120 eggs; 

1 egg=% cents profit; 

120 eggs=120X5/4 cents=$1.50, gain. Ans. 

(See Lesson XI, No. 4.) 

4. A fraction is one or more of the equal parts of a unit. 

A number expressed by an integer and a fraction is called a mixed number. 

The number written above the line is called the numerator and shows how many 

parts form the fraction, or how many parts of the whole are taken. 

The denominator is written below the line and shows into how many parts the 

whole has been divided. 

A fraction whose numerator is less than its denominator is called a proper 

fraction. (See Lesson IX, No. 2; also Lesson XI, No. 1; Lesson XIV, No. 1.) 

5. (a) (%— %)'+l%o=l 2 %o. Ans. 

(b) (-3% +2%) minus 3%F=2}&>. Ans. 

6. (a) Fifty and nineteen hundredths, (b) Six hundred two, and fourteen thou- 
sandths, (c) One, and seven hundred ninety-one thousandths. (d) Eight 
ninths, (e) Thirty -three and one-third per cent. 

7. (a) % 6 =5.-=-16.= 3125. Ans. 

(b) i%->=l 3.-^-32. = 40625. Ans. 

(c) %=3.h-8.=.375. Ans. 

8. 14 ft.X9 ft.X2=252 sq. ft. in the two ends; 
16 ft.X9 ft. X 2=288 sq. ft. in the two sides; 
14 ft.X16 ft. =224 sq. ft. in the ceiling; 

Total=764 sq. ft. 

764 sq. ft.^9 sq. ft =8*4% sq. yds. 

1 sq. yd. costs 75 cents. 

84% sq. yds.=S4%X75 cents=$63.66 2 /s or $63.67. Ans. 

9. 86 rd.XS'O rd.=6880, number of sq. rd. in the field; 
6880 sq. rd. -^160=43, number of acres in field; 
860 bu.-r-43=20, number of bushels per acre. Ans. 

10. 8% of $500=$40, int. for 1 yr.; 

2 yr. plus 6 mo. and 15 da.=2 1 %4 yr.; 
$40X2i%4=$101.66 2 /s int. or $101.67. Ans. 
Or, 

Time=2 yr. and 6% mo.; 

8% of $500=$40, int. for 1 yr.; 

$40X2=$80, int. for 2 yr.; 

$40-^12=$3V3, int. for 1 mo.; 

$3 1 / 3 X6 1 / 2 =$21.66 2 /3, int. for 6V 2 mo.; 

$80 plus $21.66 2 / 3 =$101.66% int. or $101.67. Ans. 



ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson XVIII. 

5-5-22 

1. (a) Two thousand, four hundred thirty-two. 

(b) Three hundred thousand, eight hundred nine millionths. 

(c) One hundred fifty nine. 

(d) Thirteen, and three thousandths. 

(e) Five eighths. 

2. 48 rd. 5 yd. 6 ft. 3 in. 
33 rd. 4 yd. 4 in. 

81 rd. 9 yd. 6 ft. 7 in. =83 rd. 7 in. Ans. 

3. Subtract: 

37 gal. 3 qt. 1 pt. 
25 gal. 5 qt. 3 pt. 

11 gal. 1 qt. Opt. Ans. 



26 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



4. 1 steer weighed 1275 lbs.; 

22steers weighed 22X1275 lbs =28050 lbs.; 

1 lb. sells for 8 cents; 

28050 lbs. sells for 28050X8 cents=$2244. Ans. 

5. (a) 100%=$6.00, cost; 
1%=44 00 of $6.00=$ .06; 
112 1 /2%=H2%X$.06=$6.75, selling price. Ans. 

(b) $6.75 selling price — $6.00 cost=75 cents gain. Ans. 

6. (a) 546.8 

1.64 
12.38 



560.82 

(b) 6.37572 

.06 

.3825432 

(c) Divide 6.37572 by .06=106.262. Ans. See No. 2, Lesson I. 

7. 1918—11—11 
1914— 8— 4 



3— 7 
Time 4 years, 3 months, 7 days. Ans. 

8. $60+$18+$15+$22+$14+$60=$189, total cost 
20 bu.XlO:^^^ bu., number of bushels raised; 
$1.12X200=$224, amount received for wheat; 
$224— $189=$35, gain. Ans. 

9. $275365 X.027=$7434.855, amount raised. Ans. 
See Lesson XIII, No. 9. 

10. 16 ft. length; 

12 in., or 1 ft., width; 

1 in. thickness; 

16 ft.XlXl=16 board ft. in 1 board; 

16 ft. X 50=800, total number of board feet; 

800 board feet at $35 per M=$28. Ans. 

See Lesson IX, No. 7. 

ental Arithmetic Questions 

Lesson I corn in 12 days, how long will it take 4 

men to do the work? 
MENTAL ARITHMETIC 7 In an examination a pupil missed 3 

4 "°" 15 out of 10 questions. What per cent were 

(Conductor will read problems, giving pupils two right? 
minutes for each. Write answers only.) 

1. If breakfast costs 20 cents, dinner 8 - How many sevenths in four and one- 
45 cents and supper 45 cents, what is the seventh. 

cost of food for the day? 9 - J buy 7 oranges for 5 cents each 

2. A box of soil when wet weighs 54 ^° ? w mucn cnan S e should I receive from 
ounces and when dry 36 ounces. How **■' 

much water did it lose in drying? 10. I buy lace at 15c a yard and sell it 

3. Allowing 15 minutes for each pound, at 20 cents a yard. Find the gain on 5 
how many hours will it take to roast a yards. 

10-pound turkey? 

4. A farmer sold 5 loads of wheat of 

60 bushels each at $1 a bushel. How much Lesson II 

did he get for the wheat? MENTAL ARITHMETIC 

5. If a boy feeds his chickens 7 pecks 5-7-15 

Of corn in 14 days, how many quarts does * (Conductor will read problems, giving pupils two 
he feed them per day? minutes for eacb. Write answers only.) 

6. If three men can husk a field of 1. In a certain school there are 24 boys 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 



27 



and 16 girls. How many pupils in the 
school? 

2. At noon the temperature was 88° 
and at midnight 69°. How many degrees 
had it fallen? 

3. How much change should I receive 
out of 50 cents after paying for 3 pounds 
of beef at 15 cents a pound? 

4. Edith paid 15 cents a yard for 6 
yards of gingham and 5 cents for a spool 
of thread. Find the cost of her dress. 

5. If apples cost $1.20 per bushel and 
are sold at 40 cents per peck, what is the 
gain on 1 bushel? 

6. A farmer sells one-half dozen eggs 
to one man and three-fourths dozen to 
another. How many eggs does he sell? 

7. A dealer pays $15 apiece for over- 
coats, and sells them at a gain of 20%. 
What is the selling price? 

8. A farmer can build a fence in 5 
days. What part of it can he build in 3 
days? 

9. If apples sell at the rate of 2 for 5 
cents, what will 1 dozen cost? 

10. A man is 48 years old. In how 
many years will he be three score and 
ten? 



Lesson III 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC 
3-9-16 

1. How many weeks in two and a half 
years? 

2. Seventy-two is how many times 4? 

3. What is the cost of 30 oranges at 
40c a dozen? 

4. How many rods in 2% miles? 

5. If 9 desks cost $225, what will 15 
desks cost? 

6. What is the interest on $400 for 3 
months at 6%? % 

7. Two-fifths of 25 is five-sixths of 
what number? 

8. Increase 18 by 33%% of itself. 

9. y 2 plus V 3 plus Ve equal what? 

10. Find 66% of $1200. 

Write analyses for the following prob- 
lems: 

11. I paid $9 for a cord of wood, and 
% as much for a ton of coal: At that rate 
find the cost of 10 tons of coal. 

12. A barrel of syrup contained 42 gal- 
lons; five-sevenths of it was sold at 60 
cents a gallon. How much was received 
for what was sold? 



Lesson IV 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC 
4-14-16 

All results are to be secured mentally. Use pen 
or pencil only in writing answers. 

1. How many days in seven and two- 
sevenths weeks? 

2. Three-fourths of 8 per cent is what 
per cent of 30%? 

3. Paid 70 dollars for a horse, which 
was seven-fifths of the value. What is the 
value of the horse? 

4. How many fourths in seven? 

5. What is the interest on one dollar 
at 6% for six months? 

6. y 2 plus V 3 plus x /4 equal? 

7. What is the cost of 21 bananas at 20 
cents a dozen? 

8. How many feet in three and one- 
half yards? 

9. How many pints in three and one- 
half gallons? 

10. In a list of 80 words, a boy mis- 
spelled 16. What per cent did he spell 
correctly? 



Lesson V 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC 
5-5-16 

(Conductor will read problems, giving pupils two 
minutes for each. Write answers only.) 

1. A man spends 25% of his annual 
income of $1600 for rent. How much rent 
does he pay? 

2. Give the cost of the berries in a 
dozen qt. cans when iy 2 qts. of fresh 
berries @ 10c per qt. are required for 1 
qt. of canned berries. 

3. After giving away 33%% of her 
cherries, Ruth had 20 left, (a) How many 
had she at first? (b) How many did she 
give away? 

4. If a street is a mile long and 60 ft. 
wide, how many miles must a watering 
cart travel to sprinkle it, if the cart 
sprinkles 15 ft. wide? 

5. What is the interest on $484 for 2 
mo. @ 6%? 

6. A roller is 22 ft. in circumference 
and 9 ft. long. How many sq. ft. of ground 
does it roll in one revolution? 

7. If a boy walks 2y 3 miles in 35 min- 
utes, how many miles will he walk in an 
hour, at the same rate? 

8. A room is 3 ft. 8 in. longer than it is 
wide. It is 17 ft. long. How wide is it? 

9. Write all the prime factors of 120. 

10. What is the total number of days in 
the first three months of the present year? 



28 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



Lesson VI 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC 
3-22-17 

(Conductor will read problems, giving pupils two 
minutes for each. Write answers only.) 

1. In an orchard there are 36 apple 
trees, 19 pear trees and 40 peach trees. 
How many trees in the orchard? 

2. To a man I owe $16 I gave $4 in 
money and a ton of hay. What was the 
value of the hay? 

3. At the rate of 18 miles per hour, 
how far will an automobile travel in 3 
hours? 

4. At what time must a 5 pound chicken 
be put into the oven in order to serve it 
at 12 o'clock, if each pound requires 15 
minutes for roasting? 

5. At $12 a ton how many tons of hay 
can I buy for $168? 

6. Three-eighths of a yard of cloth costs 
30 cents. Find the cost of three-fourths 
of a yard. 

7. What per cent of 12 is 6? Of 25 is 
20? 

8. I buy sugar for three-fifths of a dol- 
lar, cloth for four-fifths and ribbon for 
two-fifths. How much change do I get 
if I pay with a $2 bill? 

9. If 3 men can build a fence in 6 days, 
how long will it take 2 men to build it? 

10. How many sixths in three and five- 
sixths? 

Lesson VII 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC 
4-20-17 

(Write answers only on paper.) 

1. A man sold a horse for $63 and 
gained 2/7 of the cost. How much did he 
gain? 

2. A trader having $80, gave 9/16 of it 
for sheep, at $3 each. How many sheep 
did he buy? 

3. A stick of timber stands 1/12 in the 
earth, % in the water and the rest in the 
air. What part is in the air? 

4. A lady bought 10 5/9 yards of mus- 
lin. After using 6% yards, how many 

yards remained? 

5. At 6J4 cents a pound, how many 
pounds of starch can be bought for $1%? 

6. A teamster hauled 9 loads of hay, 
each weighing % of a ton. What was 
the total weight? 

7. If 7 horses require 84 bushels of 
oats for a certain time, how many bushels 
would 12 horses require? 

8. The product of two numbers is 156. 
If 12 is one of them, what is the other? 

9. Bought lemons at 4 for 5 cents and 



sold them at 5 for 4 cents. What did I lose 
on each lemon? 

10. A and B rented a pasture for $30. 
A pastured 6 cows and B, 9 cows. What 
should each pay? 



Lesson VIII 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC 

5-11-17 

(Conductor will read problems; pupils write re- 
sults only.) 

1. Find interest on $500 at 5% for 1 
yr., 6 mo. 

2. James lost 12% of his money. He 
lost $60. How much did he have at first? 

3. How many square feet in a triangu- 
lar plot of ground which is 40 feet wide 
and 120 feet long? 

4. Mary is sent to the store with $5.00. 
She buys a collar for 50c, a pair of hose 
for 50c, an apron for 95c. How much 
change should the merchant give her? 

5. At 16 %c each, how many spellers can 
be bought for $6.00. 



Lesson IX 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC 
4-12-18 

(Conductor will read problems, giving pupils two 
minutes for each. Write answers only.) 

1. 15 plus 6, divided by 3, times 7, plus 
6, divided by 11, plus 5, times 8, minus 2, 
divided by 8, equal? 

2. When eggs are 40 cents per dozen, 
what will 30 eggs cost? 

3. At what time must I get up to take 
a train at 7:30, if it takes 20 minutes to 
get breakfast, 30 minutes to eat, 25 min- 
utes to dress and 30 minutes to drive to 
the station? 

4. It rained %-inch on Monday, %-inch 
on Tuesday, and 14-inch, on Wednesday. 
How much did it rain altogether. 

5. If three men can build a fence in 6 
days, how long 1 will it take two men to 
build it? 

6. John paid $40 for a bicycle which 
was 2/7 of the price he would pay for a 
motorcycle. What did the motorcycle 
cost? 

7. At $2% per dozen for photographs, 
what is the cost of each? 

8. What is the interest on $500 for 5^ 
years at 6%? 

9. If you own $5.00 of stock in a base- 
ball club and the stock goes 10% above par, 
how much is it then worth? 

10. In a list of 150 words, Henry missed 
15. What per cent did he spell correctly? 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 



29 



Lesson X 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC 
5-9-18 

(Conductor will read problems, giving pupils two 
minutes for each. Write answers only.) 

1. If four men can build a fence in eight 
days, how long will it take two men to 
build it? 

2. What is the interest on $400 for four 
years and six months at 6%? 

3. At $100 per acre, what will a quarter 
section of land cost? 

4. Twelve plus fifteen, divided by nine, 
plus four, times five, minus seven, divided 
by four, times seven, plus one, divided by 
five, plus two, plus nine, divided by three, 
equal? 

5. Find the cost of 10 barrels of apples, 
when two barrels cost $4.50. 

6. 3/7 of 21 is 3/10 of what number? 

7. A man's salary is $150 per month. 
He spends % of it for clothing and other 
expenses. How much does he save in a 
year ? 

8. A grocer sold flour last week at $1.50 
per sack and this week at 10% advance on 
last week's selling price. Find the price of 
flour per sack this week. 

9. What is the difference between % of 
y 2 and % of 1? 

10. If apples sell at the rate of three 
for five cents, what will one dozen cost? 

Lesson XI 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC 

4-11-19 

(All results are to be secured mentally. Fif- 
teen minutes for entire list.) 

1. What will Qy 2 gallons of milk cost 
at lie per quart? 

2. How many apples can be purchased 
for 35c if one apple costs 3^c? 

3. James sold his house for $1500.00, 
which was % of what he paid for it, what 
per cent did he lose? 

4. Frank is 16 years old and Jane is % 
as old. The sum of their ages is equal 
to % of their father's age. How old is 
the father? 

5. John lost 4/9 of his money and had 
50c left. How much had he at first? 

6. I have 210 bushels of wheat and 
sell 20% of it. How many bushels have 
I left? 

7. What is the interest of $300.00 for 
%y 2 years at 6%? 

8. How many square rods in 6 acres? 

9. % of 15 is % of what number? 

10. How many minutes are 15 thirds of 
an hour? 



Lesson XII 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC 
5-9-19 

(Conductor of examination to read question, 
answers only required. Time allowed, 3 minutes 
to each problem.) 

1. What is the interest of $500 for iy 2 
years at 6%? 

2. What will six dozen of oranges cost 
at the rate of three oranges for five cents? 

3. In an examination a pupil missed 
four out of ten questions. What per cent 
were right? 

4. How much change should I receive 
out of 75 cents after paying for three 
pounds of sugar at 15 cents per pound? 

5. A farmer sold % of his horses and 
then had 30 horses remaining; how many 
had he at first? 

6. How many forties in a section of 
land? 

7. A farmer sells one-sixth of his sheep 
to one person and three-fourths to another. 
What part of his sheep does he sell? 

8. Three-fourths of 80 is % of what 
number? 

9. Find the cost of nine barrels of apples 
at $3.40 per barrel. 

10. If apples cost $1.25 per bushel and 
are sold at the rate of 40 cents per peck, 
what is the gain on one bushel? 

Lesson XIII 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC 
3-26-20 

Write out complete analyses of: 

1. 80 is % of what number? 

2. If 2 men can husk a field of corn in 
12 days, how long will it take 4 men to 
do the work? 

3. A boy spent $12, which was 16%% 
of his money. How much had he at first? 

4. If a merchant buys an article for $60 
and sells it for $75 what per cent does he 
gain? 

5. What will it cost to excavate for a 
cellar 12 feet long, 10 feet wide and 6 feet 
deep at 70c per cu. yard? 

(Write answers only. Do all work mentally. 
Examiner should hand each pupil a list of ques- 
tions and allow ten minutes for the. answers.) 

1. How many sq. rds. in 10 acres? 

2. Write the equivalent fractions for the 
following per cents: 20, 12^, 66%, 87 V 2 , 

8%. 

3. Take the sq. root of 64, and multiply 
it by 2 times 3. From the result take the 
difference between 9 and 17, and to this 
result add the product of 4 and 6. 

4. If milk sells at 12c a quart, what 
will 1 gallon, 1 quart, 1 pint cost? 



30 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



5. What will be the interest on $500 at 
6% for 2 years and 6 months. 



Lesson XIV 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC 

5-7-20 

Write out the solution in full: 

1. What is the interest on $400 for 2 
years, six months, and 15 days, at 6% 
per annum? 

2. What will be the cost of 2 pecks, 3 
quarts of beans at 20 cents a quart? 

3. If 2 men can do a piece of work in 
12 days how long will it take 3 men to do 
the same work? 

4. How many board feet of lumber in a 
plank 6 feet long, 6 inches wide, and 2 
inches thick? 

5. If % of a number is 16 what is \ x k 
times the number? 

(Write answers only. Do all work mentally. 
Examiner should hand each pupil a list of ques- 
tions and allow ten minutes for the answers.) 

1. How many square rods in 4% acres? 

2. i / 2 +y 3 +i4=? 

3. v 2 xy 3 =i %^3=? 

4. If 25% of a man's money is $40, what 
is 12y 2 % of his money? 

5. What will 60 apples cost if bought 
at 5 for 2 cents? 



Lesson XV 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC 

Examiners will detach PART II before handing 
out this list. 

PART I 

Write complete analyses of the follow- 
ing: 

1. If a flock of 42 Plymouth Rock chick- 
ens average 72 eggs a year each and the 
average price per dozen is 21 cents, what 
is the value of the eggs? 

2. James White shipped a can of cream 
each day during the month of September. 
If the can and cream weighed 72 pounds, 
the can alone weighing 12 pounds, what 
was Mr. White's cream check at the end 
of the month, cream being worth 32 cents 
per pound? 

3. If '% of a pound of coffee costs 24 
cents how many eggs at 2 cents each will 
pay for a pound of coffee? 

4. A steer on foot weighs 1325 pounds, 
when dressed it weighed 795 pounds. The 
dressed beef was what per cent or what 
part of the live weight? 

5. Find the cost of insuring a house 

worth $6400 at % of its value, premium 
being one per cent. 



PART II 

(Write answers only. Do all work mentally. 
Examiner should hand each pupil a list of ques- 
tions and allow ten minutes for the answers.) 

1. How many acres of land in a field 80 
rods long and 20 rods wide? 

2. A quart of water weighs 2 pounds. 
What is the weight of 25 gallons of water? 

3. If hail damages a corn field to the 
extent of $8 per acre, what is the damage 
to a quarter section of land? 

4. A farmer employs a boy to pull 
cockle burrs from his field. If the boy 
works 4 days of ten hours each at 15 cents 
per hour, what does he receive at the end 
of the time? 

5. What is the value of two pounds and 
eight ounces of butter at 40 cents per 
pound? 



Lesson XVI 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC 
5-6-21 

Examiners will detach PART II before handing 
out this list. 

PART I 

Write a complete analysis of the follow- 
ing: 

1. If land is worth $160 per A., what 
will 1% A. cost? 

2. A town has a population of 24,000 
which is a gain of 20% in ten years. What 
was the population ten years ago? 

3. A merchant bought tablets at $2.50 
per hundred and sold them at 5c each. 
Find the gain per cent. 

4. Add y 2 , %, %. 

5. Frank earns $45 and board while 
John earns $60 and pays $25 board. Which 
has the more net return? 



PART II 

(Write answers only. Do all work mentally. 
Examiner should hand each pupil a list of ques- 
tions and allow ten minutes for the answers.) 

1. What is the interest on $300 for 3 
years at 6%? 

2. A farmer harvested 800 bushels of 
grain. He sold one-eighth of his crop. 
How many bushels did he have left? 

3. A man's yearly income is $2,000. His 
expenses amount to $1,650. How much 
does he save in a year? 

4. What is % of 9 times 8? 

5. Frank has 4 dimes, 4 nickles and 4 
cents in his bank. His sister has % as 
much in her bank. How much has his 
sister? 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 



31 



Lesson XVII. 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC 

4-7-22 

Examiner will detach Part II before 
handing out this list. 

PART I. 

Write a complete analysis of the fol- 
lowing: 

1. How many yards of calico at 12 
cents per yard can be bought for 10 doz. 
of eggs at 18 cents per dozen? 

2. A farmer sold 6 loads of oats of 60 
bushels in each load at 25 cents per 
bushel. How much did he get for the 
oats? 

S. What is the interest on $50 for 2 
years, 6 months at 6%? 

4. What will it cost to excavate for a 
cellar 9 ft. long, 6 ft. wide, and 10 ft. 
deep, at 75 cents per cubic yard? 

5. What is the value of 3 lb. 4 oz. of 
butter at 32 cents per pound? 



PART II. 

Do all work mentally. Examiner should 
hand each pupil a list of questions al- 
lowing ten minutes for completing the list. 

Write answers only for the following: 

1. What is y 5 of 9 times 10? 

2. If 8 tons of hay cost $112, what will 
5 tons cost? 

3. A grocer sold flour last week at 
$2.20 per sack and this week at 10% ad- 
vance on last week's selling price. Find 
the price of the flour per sack this week. 

4. Increase 21 by 33%% of itself. 



5. What is the interest on $400 for 3 
months at 6%? 

Lesson XVIII. 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC 

5-5-22 

Examiner will detach Part II before 
handing out this list. 

PART I 

Write a complete analysis of the follow- 
ing: 

1. If wheat is worth $1.20 per bu.., 
what will 2% bu. cost? 

2. Add 2/3, %, %, %. 

3. What will 4V 2 gal. of milk cost at 
10c per qt.? 

4. What is the interest on $200 at 6% 
for Sy 2 years? 

5. A merchant bought pencils at 80 
cents per dozen, and sells them at 10 
cents a piece. What is his gain per cent? 

PART II 

Do all work mentally. Examiner should 
hand each pupil a list of questions al- 
lowing ten minutes for completing the 
list. 

Write answers only for the following: 

1. What is V G of 9 times 8? 

2. What will 5 dozen oranges cost at 
the rate of 2 oranges for 5 cents? 

3. What is the cost of 9 barrels of 
apples at $3.50 per barrel? 

4. What is the cost of 36 yards of 
cloth at 75 cents per yard? 

5. If 15 barrels of sugar cost $150 
what will 5 barrels cost? 



Mental Arithmetic Answers 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson I. 

4-8-15 

No. 1 Ans., $1.10; No. 2 Ans., 18 Oz.; No. 3 Ans., 2 Hrs. 30 Min.; No. 4 Ans., 
$300.00; No. 5 Ans., 4 Qts.; No. 6 Ans., 9 days; No. 7 Ans., 70%; No. 8 Ans., 
29; No. 9 Ans., 65c; No. 10 Ans., 25% gain. 



MENTAL ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson II. 

5-7-15 

No. 1 Ans., 40 pupils; No. 2 Ans., 19 degrees; No. 3 Ans., 5c; No. 4 Ans., 95c; No. 
5 Ans., 40c; No. 6 Ans., 15 eggs; No. 7 Ans., $18.00 each; No. 8 Ans., %; No, 
9 Ans., 30c; No. 10 Ans., 22 years. 



32 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson III. 
3-9-16 

No. 1 Ans., 130 weeks; No. 2 Ans., 18; No. 3 Ans., $1.00; No. 4 Ans., 720 rods; No. 
5 v Ans., $375.00; No. 6 Ans., $6.00 interest; No. 7 Ans., 12; No. S Ans., 24; No. 9 
Ans., 1; No. 10 Ans., $792.00. 

No. 11, Analysis Complete: 

1 Cord of wood casts $9.00. 
1 Ton of coal costs % as much. 
% of $9.00=$6.00, the cost of 1 ton of coal. . 
1 Ton coal costs $6.00. 
10 Tons will cost 10X$6.00=$60.00. Ans. 

No. 12. Analysis Complete: 

1 Barrel of syrup=42 gallons. 
5/7 of the barrel=5/7 of 42 gallons=30 gallons. 
1 Gallon sells for 60c. 
30 Gallons sells for 30X60c=$18.00. Ans. 



MENTAL ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson IV. 

4-14-16 

No. 1 Ans., 51 days; No. 2 Ans., 20%; No. 3 Ans., $50.00; No. 4 Ans., 28 fourths; 
No. 5 Ans., 3c; No. 6 Ans., 11/12; No. 7 Ans., 35c; No. 8 Ans., 10V 2 feet; No. 
9 Ans., 28 pints; No. 10 Ans., 80%. 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson V. 

5-5-16 

No. 1 Ans., $400.00; No. 2 Ans., $1.80; No. 3 Ans. (a) 30, (b) 10; No. 4 Ans., 4 
miles; No. 5 Ans., $4.84; No. 6 Ans., 198 Sq. Ft.; No. 7 Ans., 4 miles; No. 8 
Ans., 13 Ft. 4 In.; No. 9 Ans., 1, 2, 3 and 5; No. 10 Ans., 90 days in 1922. 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson VI. 

3-22-17 

No. 1 Ans., 95; No. 2 Ans., $12.00; No. 3 Ans., 64 miles; No. 4 Ans., 10 o'clock 45 
Min.; No. 5 Ans., 14 tons; No. 6 Ans., 60c; No. 7 Ans., 50%, 80%; No. 8 Ans., 
20c; No. 9 Ans., 9 days; No. 10 Ans., 23 sixths. 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson VII. 

4-20-17 

No. 1 Ans., $14.00 gain; No. 2 Ans., 15 sheep; No. 3 Ans., 13/24 in the air; No. 4 
Ans., 41/18 yards; No. 5 Ans., 24 Lbs.; No. 6 Ans., 7% tons; No. 7 Ans., 144 
Bu.; No. 8 Ans., 13; No. 9 Ans., 9/20c; No. 10 Ans. (a) $12.00, (b) $18.00. 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson VIII. 

5-11-17 

No. 1 Ans., $37.50; No. 2 Ans., $500.00; No. 3 Ans., 2400 Sq. Ft.; No. 4 Ans., $3.05; 
No. 5 Ans., 36 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 33 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson IX. 

4-12-18 
No 1 Ans., 9%; No. 2 Ans., $1.00; No. 3 Ans., 5:45 A. M.; No. 4 Ans., % inches; 
No. 5 Ans., 9 days; No. 6 Ans., $140.00; No. 7 Ans., 20%c; No. 8 Ans., $165.00; 
No. 9 Ans., $5.50; No. 10 Ans., 90% 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson X. 

5-9-18 
No. 1 Ans., 16 days; No. 2 Ans., $108.00; No. 3 Ans., $16,000.00; No. 4 Ans., 7; 
No. 5 Ans., $22.50; No. 6 Ans., 30; No. 7 Ans., $90.00; No. 8 Ans., $1.65; No. 9 
Ans., V 2 ; No. 10 Ans., 20c. 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson XI. 

4-11-19 

No. 1 Ans., $2.S'6; No. 2 Ans., 10; No. 3 Ans., 40%; No. 4 Ans., 50 years; No. 5 
Ans., 90c; No. 6 Ans., 168 Bu.; No. 7 Ans., $63.00; No. 8 Ans., 960; No. 9 Ans., 
12; No. 10 Ans., 300 minutes. 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson XII. 

5-9-19 
No. 1 Ans., $45.00; No. 2 Ans., $1.20; No'. 3 Ans., 60%; No. 4 Ans., 30c; No. 5 Ans., 
75 horses; No. 6 Ans., 16 forties; No. 7 Ans., 11/12; No. 8 Ans., 100; No. 9 Ans., 
$30.60; No. 10 Ans., 35c. 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson XIII. 

3-26-20 

Part 1 

No. 1 — Analysis complete: 

4/5 of a number=80. 

1/5 of the number^/i of 80=20. 

5/5 or the number=5X20=100. Ans. 
No. 2 — Analysis complete: 

It takes 2 men 12 days to husk a field of corn. 

It would take 1 man 24 days to husk the same field. 

It would take 4 men ^4 of 24 days=6 days. Ans. 

No. 3 — Analysis complete: 

100% : =all his money at first. 

16%% of his money=$12.00. 

16%% = % of his money, or $12.00. 

6/6 or all his money=6X$12.00=$72.00. Ans. 
No. 4 — Analysis complete: 

$60.00 the cost=100%. 

$1.00 of the cost^l/60 of 100%=1%%. 

$75.00 the selling price=75Xl%%=125% selling price. 

125% selling price — 100% cost=25% gain. Ans. 
No. 5 — Analysis complete: 

12 ft. X 10 ft. X 6 ft.=720 cu. ft. 

27 cu. ft.=l cu. yd. 

720 cu. ft.=720 divided by 27=26% cu. yards. 

1 cu. yd. costs 70c. 

26% cu. yds. costs 26%X70c=18.66% or $18.67. Ans. 



34 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

Part 2 

No. 1 Ans., 1600 sq. rds; No. 2 Ans., %, %, 2 /s, %, 1/12; No. 3 Ans., 64; No. 4 Ans., 
66; No. 5 Ans., $75.00. 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson XIV. 
5-7-20 

Part 1 

No. 1 — Solution in full: 

6% of $400.00=$24.00 Int. for 1 year. 

2 years=2X $24.00— $48.00 Int. for 2 years. 

6 months= 1 /2 year. 

V 2 of $24.00=$12.00 Int. for V 2 year, or 6 months. 

15 days =1 /2 month. 

12 months, 1 year=$24.00 interest. 

1 month=l/12 of $24.00=$2.00 Int. for 1 month. 
V 2 month=% of $2.00=$1.00 Int. for V 2 month. 
$48.00+$12.00-f$1.00=$61.00. Ans. 

No. 2 — Solution in full: 

2 pks. 3 qts =19 qts. 
1 qt. costs 20c. 

19 qts. costs 19X20c=$3.80. Ans. 

No. 3 — Complete solution: 

If 2 men can do a piece of work in 12 days, 

It would take 1 man 24 days to do the same piece of work. 

It would take 3 men Vz of 24 days=8 days. Ans. 

No. 4 — Solution in full: 

6 ft. long=72 inches X 6 inches wide X 2 inches thick=864 cu. in. 

144 cu. in =1 board foot. 

864 cu. in. divided by 144 cu. in =6 board feet. Ans. 

No. 5 — Solution in full: 
% of a number=16. 
Vk of the number =1 /2 of 16=8. 
5/5=5X8=40 the number. 
1% times the number=3/2 times 40=60. Ans. 

Part 2 

No. 1 Ans., 720 sq. rds; No. 2 Ans., 11/12; No. 3 Ans. (a) Ve, (b) %; No. 4 Ans., 
20.00; No. 5 Ans., 24c. 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson XV. 

4-8-21 

Part 1 

No. 1 — Complete analysis: 

1 Plymouth Rock hen lays 72 eggs in a year. 

42 Plymouth Rock hens will lay 42X72 eggs=3024 eggs. 

3024 eggs divided by 12=252 dozen. 

1 dozen sells for 21c. 

252 dozen=252X21c=$52.92. Ans. 

No. 2 — Solution in full: 

72 lbs. — 12 lbs. =60 lbs. net weight of the cream sold each day. 

30 days=30X60 lbs.=1800 lbs. cream sold. 

1 lb. cream=32c. 

1800 lbs. cream=1800X32c=$576.00. Ans. 
No. 3 — Solution in full. 

% lb. of coffee costs 24c. 

Vz lb. of coffee costs V2 of 24c=12c. 

3/3 lb. or 1 lb. costs 3X12c=36c. 

2c=price of 1 egg. 

36c=36 divided by 2=18 eggs to buy a pound of coffee. Ans. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK >>h 

No. 4 — Solution in full: 
1325 lbs.=100%. 

1 lb.=l/1325 of 100%=100/1325%. 
795 lbs.=795X 100/1325 %=60% or %. Ans. 

No. 5 — Solution in full: 

The house is worth $6400. 

% of its value=$5600. 

100%=$5600. 

1% =1/100 of $5600=$56 premium. Ans. 

Part 2 

No. 1 — Complete analysis: 

80 rods long X 20 rods wide=1600 sq. rds. 

160 sq. rds.=l acre. 

1600 sq. rds=1600-M60=10 acres. Ans. 

No. 2 — Complete analysis: 

25 gallons water=100 quarts. 

1 quart weighs 2 pounds. 

100 quarts weighs 100X2 pounds=200 pounds. Ans. 

No. 3 — Complete analysis: 

160 acres in a quarter section. 

1 acre, the damage=$8.00. 

160 acres, the damage=160X$8.00=$l,280.00 damage. Ans. 

No. 4 — Complete analysis: 

4 days of 10 hours each=40 hours. 

1 hour the boy receives 15c. 

40 hours=40X15c=$6.00. Ans. 

No. 5 — Complete analysis: 

2 pounds 8 ounces of butter=2% pounds. 
1 pound is worth 40c. 

2V 2 pounds are worth 2%X40c=$1.00. Ans. 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson XVI. 
5-6-21 

Part 1 

No. 1 — Complete analysis: 

1 acre of land is worth $160.00. 

1% acres is worth 1% X$160.00=$280.00. Ans. 

No. 2 — Complete analysis: 

100%=the population 10 years ago. 

100% +20% gain=120%, the population at the present time. 

120%=24,000. 

1%=1/120 of 24,000=200. 

100%=100X200=20,000, the population ten years ago. Ans. 

No. 3 — Complete analysis: 

100 tablets cost $2.50, which is 100%. 

100 tablets sell for 5c each or $5.00. 

$2.50=100%. 

lc=l/250 of 100% = %%. 

$5.00 or 500 cents=500X%%=200%, the selling price of the tablets. 

200% selling price — 100% cost=100% gain. Ans. 

No. 4 — Complete analysis: 

Add %, %, %. The common denominator is 24. 

y 2 =12/24. 

% =20/24. 

%=9/24. 

12/24+20/24+9/24=41/24. 

41/24=1 17/24. Ans. 

No. 5 — Complete analysis: 

$45.00 what Frank earns, his net return. 

$60-.00 what John earns — $25.00 what he pays for board=$35.00 John's net return. 



36 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

$45.00 Frank's net return— $35.00 John's net return=$10.00. Frank's net return 
is $10.00 greater than John's. Ans. 

Part 2 

No. 1 Ans., $54.00 interest; No. 2 Ans., 700 bushels left; No. 3 Ans., $350.00 saved 
each year; No. 4 Ans., 12; No. 5 Ans, 16 cents 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson XVII. 

4-7-22 

Part 1 

No. 1 — Complete analysis: 
1 dozen eggs=18c. 
10 dozen eggs=10X18c=$1.80. 
12c cost of 1 yard of calico. 
$1.80 will buy as many yards of calico as 12 is contained in $1.80=15 yards. Ans. 

No. 2 — Complete analysis: 

1 load of oats : =60 bushels. 

6 loads=6X60 bushels=360 bushels. 

1 bushels sells for 25 cents. 

360 bushels sells for 360X25 cents=$90.00. Ans. 
No. 3 — Complete analysis: 

6% of $50.00=$3.00 interest for 1 year. 

2 years 6 months;^ ^ years. 

2V 2 years=2y 2 X$3.00=$7.50 interest. Ans. 

No. 4 — Complete analysis: 

9 feet length X6 feet width X 10 feet depth= : 540 cubic feet. 

27 cubic feet=l cubic yard. 

540 cubic feet=540 ^-27=20 cubic yards. 

1 cubic yard costs 75 cents. 

20 cubic yards cost 20X75 cents=$15. Ans. 

No. 5 — Complete analysis: 

3 pounds 4 ounces of butter=3 1 / 4 pounds. 
1 pound costs 32 cents. 

3 x /4 pounds cost 3^4X32 cents=$1.04'. Ans. 

Part 2 

Onswers Only 
No. 1 Ans., 18; No. 2 Ans., $70.00; No. 3 Ans., $2.42; No. 4 Ans., 28; No. 5 Ans., 
$6.00. 

MENTAL ARITHMETIC ANSWERS 

Lesson XVIII. 
5-5-22 

Part 1 

No. 1 — Complete analysis: 

Since 1 bushel is worth $1.20, 2% bushels will cost 2% times $1.20, or $3.30. Ans. 

No. 2 — Complete analysis: 

Add %, %, % and %. 
24=1. c. d. 
2 /s=16/24 
%=15/24 
% =18/24 
% =20/24 



69/24, or 2%. Ans. 
Analysis — The fractions must be made similar, that is, changed to a common de- 
nominator. The 1. c. d. is 24. Each fraction is changed to twenty-fourths. 
The sum of the fractions is 69/24. 69/24 equals 2%. Ans. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 37 

No. 3 — Complete analysis: 

4^ gal. of milk equals 18 quarts, and 18 quarts at 10 cents per quart equals 

$1.80. Ans. 
No. 4 — Complete analysis: 

100%=$200. 

1% =1/100 of $200=$2. 

6% = 6X$2=$12, interest for 1 year. 

3V 2 years=3V 2 X$12=$42. Ans. 

No. 5 — Complete analysis: 

1 dozen pencils cost 80 cents. 

1 pencil sells at 10 cents. 

12 pencils sell for 12X10c=$1.20. Selling price of the pencils. 

8*0c the cost— 100%. 

lc=l/80 of 1007o=l 1 A%. 

$1.20=120X1% %=150%, selling price. 

150% selling price — 100% cost=50% gain. Ans. 

Part 2 

Answers Only 

No. 1 Ans., 12; No. 2 Ans., $1.50; No. 3 Ans., $31.50; No. 4 Ans., $27; No. 5 Ans., 
$50. 



Reading Questions 



Lesson I 

READING 
4-9-15 

1. Name five selections you have read 
this year and give the author of each. 

2. Who is your favorite author? Name 
two selections he has written. Give a quo- 
tation from one of them. 

3. Name three characters in the poem, 
Evangeline, and' write a statement about 
each. 

4. Tell all you can about the author of 
Evangeline. 

5. Why should we read daily papers? 
6-10. Read a selection to the examiner. 

Lesson II 

READING 

5-7-15 

1. Why is reading such an important 
subject? 

2. What is meant by emphasis? How 
would you emphasize a word when read- 
ing? 

3. Tell in your own words the story of 
some poem you have read. 

4. Give three reasons for reading the 
daily papers. 

5. Name a selection written by Long- 
fellow, Whittier, Poe, Abraham Lincoln, 
Bryant. 

6-10. Read a selection to the examiner. 

(May be omitted at option of examiner.) 

Lesson III 

READING 

3-10-16 

1. How may the dictionary be of use in 
studying your reading lesson? 

2. Why should everyone strive to read 
well? How may you become a good reader? 

3. What is a "memory gem"? Give one. 

4. Name five selections arid give author 
of each. 

5. Give three reasons for reading daily 
newspapers. Name one thing that is at- 
tracting much attention at present. 

6-10. Read selection to examiner 

(May be omitted at option of examiner.) 

Lesson IV 

READING 
4-13-16 
1. Why do we study reading? 



2. Why is reading our most important 
subject? Give three reasons. 

3. Would you read this selection slowly 
or rapidly, and why? 

"Slowly and sadly we laid him down, 
From the field of his fame fresh 
and gory; 
We carved not a line, we raised not a 
stone 
But we left him alone with his 
glory." 

4. Name five poets and one selection 
from each. 

5. Tell the story of some poem you have 
read. 

6-10. Read a selection to the examiner. 

(May be omitted at option of examiner.) 



Lesson V 

READING 
5-5-16 

1. Why should we read daily papers? 

2. Who is your favorite author? Tell in 
your own words the story of some selection 
from his pen. 

3. Give two quotations and name the 
author of each. 

4. Tell all you can about Longfellow. 

5. What is emphasis? Poetry? Prose? 
6-10. Read a selection to the examiner. 

(May be omitted at option of examiner.) 



Lesson VI 

READING 
3-23-17 

1. Mention three things that will help 
you to become a good reader. 

2. What is the most important topic 
now discussed in the newspapers? Name 
two others of interest. 

3. Write a stanza of some poem (not 
less than four lines). Name author. 

4. Name a selection written by any 
five: Lincoln, Whittier, Jefferson, Holmes. 
Longfellow, Lowell, Tennyson. 

5. Mark words to be emphasized: 
"Now, in building chaises, I tell you 

what, 
There is always somewhere a weakest 

spot; 
And that's the reason, beyond a doubt, 
A chaise breaks down, but doesn't wear 

out." 



(39) 



40 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



Lesson VII 

READING 

4-20-17 

1. (a; What constitutes good reading? 
(b) Name some of the advantages derived 
from good reading. 

2. Write a favorite quotation and give 
the name of the author. 

3. Name four books you have read and 
the author of each. Which do you like 
best, and why? 

, 4. What are the differences between 
good and bad literature? 

5. Of what use are punctuation marks? 

6. Copy the following stanza and under- 
line the words which should be empha- 
sized: 

"The rich man's son inherits land and 

piles of brick and stone, 
And he inherits soft, white hands and 

tender flesh which fears the cold, 
Nor dares to wear a garment old, 
A heritage, it seems to me, one scarce 
would wish to hold in fee." 

7. What is the meaning of "piles of 
brick and stone"? 

8. What is the meaning of the second 
and third lines? 

9. What is the meaning of the last line? 

10. Rewrite the stanza in your own 
words. 



Lesson VIII 

READING 

5-11-17 
(Answer eight) 
"I know a place where the sun is like gold, 
And the cherry blossoms burst with 
snow; 
And underneath is the loveliest nook 
Where the four-leaf clovers grow. 

"One leaf is for hope and one is for faith, 
And one is for love you know. 

But God put another one in for luck — 
If you search — you will find where they 
grow. 

"But you must have hope, and you must 
have faith, 
You must love and be strong, and so, 
If you work, if you wait, you will find the 
place 
Where the four-leaf clovers grow." 
1-5. Write the thoughts expressed in 
this poem in your own words. 

6. Give three good reasons why you 
should be a good reader. 

7. Mark diacritically, syllabify, cross 
out silent letters and mark accent in the 



following words: magnify, deplorable, car- 
dinal, lawless, definition. 

8. Draw a line under the words which 
should be emphasized in the following sen- 
tences: 

(a) Did you pick the strawberries? 

(b) Yes, I picked them last night. 

(c) "Give me liberty or give me death!" 

(d) "Oh for boyhood's days in June!" 

9. What should you have in mind in 
preparing a reading lesson? (Give at least 
three things.) 

10. Define emphasis and accent. Illus- 
trate. 

Lesson IX 

READING 
4-11-18 

1. Mention three important things to do 
in studying a reading lesson. 

2. What are three important things to 
do in oral reading? 

3. Name two American writers of prose 
and a selection of each. 

4. Name two American writers of 
poetry, and a poem of each. 

5. (a) What is a paragraph? (b) What 
is a stanza? 

6. Of what use are punctuation marks? 

7. (a) Would you read Lincoln's Gettys- 
burg address slowly or rapidly? Why? 

(b) Would you read Mother Goose 
rhymes slowly or rapidly? Why? 

8. After each of the following, write 
a word that means almost the same: be- 
neath, ancient, dominion, vision. 

9. Draw a line under the important 
words: "Reading without purpose is saun- 
tering, not exercise. More is got from 
one book on which the thought settles, for 
a definite end in knowledge, than from 
libraries skimmed over by a wandering 
eye." 

10. Write a quotation and give the 
author. 

Lesson X 

READING 

5-9-18 

1. How may the dictionary be of use in 
studying your reading lesson? 

2. Name five poets and one selection 
written by each. 

3. Name and illustrate the use of four 
punctuation marks. 

4. Give three reasons for reading daily 
newspapers. 

5. Write ten lines on the poem "Evan- 
geline," telling briefly on what historical 
event the story of Evangeline is based, a 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 



41 



summary of the story, and the best thought 
in the story. 

6. Define: articulation, accent, emph- 
asis, paragraph, stanza. 

7. What is oral reading? Silent read- 
ing? 

8. What are phonics? Name five phono- 
grams. 

9. Who is your favorite author? Name 
two selections by him. 

10. Give your favorite quotation and 
name its author. 



Lesson XI 

READING 
4-10-19 

1. Give name, author and synopsis of 
your favorite poem. 

2. Why is a poor reader apt to be a 
poor scholar in school? 

3. How does the dictionary help in 
studying your reading lesson? 

4. Name five authors represented by se- 
lections in your reading book. Prom 
memory, write extracts from any one of 
them. 

5. What is meant by emphasis? Write 
a sentence indicating the words which 
should be emphasized. 

6. What was your greatest difficulty in 
learning to read well? How have you over- 
come this difficulty? 

7. On what historical event is Evange- 
line based? Name four characters in the 
poem. Who wrote this poem? Describe 
Evangeline. 

8. Give authors of five of the following 
selections: Snow Bound, Vision of Sir 
Launfal, Thanatopsis, Great Stone Face, 
Star Spangled Banner, America, and the 
Children's Hour. 

9. Read any three questions aloud as 
assigned by examiner. 

10. Read as you are called upon, giving 
spirit of the occasion: 

It is for us the living, rather, to be 
dedicated here to the unfinished work 
which they, who fought here have thus 
far so nobly advanced. It is rather for 
us to be here dedicated to the great task 
remaining before us; — that from these 
honored dead we take increased devotion 
to that cause for which they gave the last 
full measure of devotion; — that we here 
highly resolve that these dead shall not 
have died in vain, that this nation, under 
God, shall have a new birth of freedom, 
and that government of the people, by the 
people, and for the people, shall not perish 
from the earth. — Abraham Lincoln. 



Lesson XII 

READING 
5-9-19 

1. (a) What is reading? (b) What do 
you understand the phrase "a good reader" 
to mean? 

2. Give reasons why one must become 
a good reader in order to become a good 
scholar. 

3. (a) Who is your favorite poet? (b) 
Name one of his poems and write a stanza 
from this poem. 

4. Tell how you prepare a reading les- 
son that has been assigned. 

5. Give the author of each of the fol- 
lowing: Home Sweet Home, Rip van 
Winkle, Old Ironsides, Snow-Bound, The 
Death of the Flowers, The Village Black- 
smith, Oh Captain My Captain, The Brook, 
School Days, Annabel Lee. 

6. Give the meaning of the following 
in regard to reading: emphasis, prose, 
poetry, synonyms, synopsis. 

7. Name five good books that you have 
read and give the author of each. 

8. (a) Name three patriotic selections 
that you have read this year, (b) Three 
humorous selections, (c) Three descrip- 
tive selections. 

9. What selection in reading have you 
enjoyed most this year? Give your rea- 
sons for enjoying it. 

10. Copy the following stanza. Under- 
line the words to be emphasized. Read 
from your paper as you have marked it, 
when called upon to do so. 

"An hour passed on — the Turk awoke; 
That bright dream was his last; 
He awoke — to hear his sentries shriek, 
'To arms they come! the Greek! the Greek!' 
He awoke — to die 'mid flame and smoke, 
And shout, and groan, and saber-stroke, 
And death shots falling thick and fast 
As lightnings from the mountain-cloud; 
And heard, with voice as trumpet loud, 
Bozzaris cheer his band: 
'Strike — till the last armed foe expires! 
Strike — for your altars and your fires! 
Strike — for the green graves of your sires, 
God, and your native land!'" 



Lesson XIII 

READING 
3-26-20 

1. Name five books you have read and 
the author of each. 

2. How do you prepare your reading- 
lesson? 

3. What does the teacher mean whem 
she says, "You read well"? 



42 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



4. Quote 6 to 10 lines from some poem. 

5. What is the main object in silent 
reading? Oral reading? 

6. In what way is reading important in 
all of your work? 

7. Explain the meaning. 

"He was a lion in the fight." 

"His hands dangled a mile out of his 

coat sleeves." 
"Her cheek was like a rose in the 

snow." 

"He kept the wolf from the door." 
"He was snowed under at the election." 

8. What is the use of punctuation 
marks? 

9. What are some of the things that 
make a selection a good piece of litera- 
ture? 

10. Underline all words in the following 
passage which should receive emphasis: 

"Aye, tear her tattered ensign down! 

Long has it waved on high. 
And many an eye has danced to see 

That banner in the sky; 
Beneath it rung the battle shout, 

And burst the canon's roar; 
The meteor of the ocean air 

Shall sweep the clouds no more." 

Lesson XIV 

READING 

5-7-20 

1. Who is your favorite author? Tell 
the story of some selection he has written. 

2. What does the author mean in these 
.lines? 

"Lives of great men all remind us 

We can make our lives sublime, 
And departing leave behind us 

Foot prints in the sands of time." 

3. Why should you use the dictionary? 

4. Name five authors, giving one selec- 
tion from each. 

5. What is a word picture, a memory 
gem, a patriotic selection? 

6. Write a short biographical sketch of 
some author you have studied. 

7. Name a daily newspaper, a maga- 
zine. 

8. Define: story, biography, sketch. 

9. Distinguish between prose and 
poetry. 

10. Write a favorite quotation. 

Lesson XV 

READING 
4-8-21 

1. Name some selection you have read 
this year. Give author and tell what les- 
son you learned from studying it. 



2. Write a memory gem and give the 
author. 

3. What are three important things to 
do in oral reading? 

4. Why is a poor reader apt to do poor 
work in other subjects? 

5. Write about a five line biography of 
some author you have studied. 

6. What benefit is derived from read- 
ing the daily papers? 

7. Use the following words in sentences: 
receipt, loess, constitution, contagious, 
zones. 

8. Who wrote Evangeline, Old Ironsides, 
Star Spangled Banner, Snowbound, Vision 
of Sir Launfal? 

9. Name a selection written by Poe, 
Abraham Lincoln, Bryant, Tennyson, 
Washington Irving. 

10. What are three important things 
to do in studying a reading lesson? 



Lesson XVI 

READING 
5-6-21 

1. State two reasons why reading is 
such an important subject. 

2. Name one selection by each of the 
following authors: Longfellow, Bryant, 
Lowell, Whittier, and Holmes. 

3. Who wrote Great Stone Face, Snow- 
bound, Rip Van Winkle, Thanatopsis and 
the Chambered Nautilus? 

» 

4. What selection in reading have you 
enjoyed most this year? Give two reasons 
for enjoying it. 

5. What three things should be kept in 
mind in the preparation of a reading les- 
son? 

6. What benefit is derived from the 
reading of daily papers? 

7. Write your favorite memory gem. 

8. How does the dictionary aid you in 
reading? 

9. Name three patriotic selections you 
have read. 

10. On what historical event is Evange- 
line based? Name some of the principal 
characters in the poem. Who wrote the 
poem? 

Lesson XVII. 

READING 
4-6-22 

1. State two reasons why reading Is 
such an important subject. 

2. How may the dictionary be of use in 
studying your reading lesson? 

3. Of what use are punctuation marks? 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 



43 



4. Tell how you prepare a reading les- 
son that has been assigned. 

5. What does the author mean in these 
lines? 

"Lives of great men all remind us 
We can make our lives sublime, 
And departing leave behind us, 
Foot prints in the sands of time." 

6. What selection in reading have you 
enjoyed most this year? Give two reasons 
for enjoying it. 

7. Quote a stanza from one of the 
poems you have studied this year. 

8. Name the five chief characters In 
"Evangeline." 

9. Give the author of any five of the 
following: "Chambered Nautilus", "Than- 
atopsis", "The Great Stone Face", "Rip 
Van Winkle", "The Raven", "Old Iron- 
sides", "To a Waterfowl", "Paul Revere's 
Ride", and "Snow-Bound". 

10. Explain the meaning of any three 
of the following: 

A bird in the hand is worth two In the 
bush. 

He kept the wolf from the door. 
Don't cross a bridge until you come to 
it. 

He was a lion in the fight. 

Lesson XVIII. 

READING 
5-4-22 

1. How may the dictionary be used in 
studying your reading lesson? 

2. What is the main object in silent 
reading? Oral reading? 

3. Describe any two of the following 
characters in the story of Evangeline: 
Evangeline, Gabriel, Benedict Bellefon- 
taine, The Notary, The Priest. 

4. Name one selection by each of the 
following authors: Longfellow, Bryant, 
Whittier, Holmes, Lowell. 

5. Why is a poor reader apt to be a 
poor student? 

6. Who is your favorite author? Name 
at least two of his productions. 

7. Give three reasons for reading the 
daily papers. 

8. Give the author of each of the fol- 
lowing selections: The Barefoot Boy; 
The Great Stone Face; The Vision of 
Sir Launfal; Evangeline; The Star 
Spangled Banner; Oh, Captain! My Cap- 
tain; The Village Blacksmith; Thana- 
topsis; Snowbound. 

9-10. Write in your own words a brief 
summary or synopsis of one of the fol- 
lowing: The Last Leaf, The Great Stone 



Face, The Vision of Sir Launfal, Snow- 
bound. 

Reading 

Before completing the eighth grade 
every pupil should be familiar with the 
biography of each of the following authors 
and be able to give a brief resume of each 
selection. Would suggest memorizing one 
of the best stanzas of each poem. 

(Practically all selections can be found in Elson's 
or Searson & Martin's Readers.) 

Great American Authors 

Washington Irving Page 111 

Rip van Winkle " 113 

The Voyage " 132 

Nathaniel Hawthorne " 139 

The Great Stone Face " 141 

My Visit to Niagara " 163 

Edgar Allen Poe " 170 

A Decent Into the Maelstrom.. " 172 

The Raven " 190 

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow... " 194 

Evangeline: A Tale of Arcadia " 197 

The Building of the Ship " 251 

John Greenleaf Whittier " 263 

Snow-Bound " 265 

The Ship Builders " 2So 

Oliver Wendell Holmes " 289 

The Chambered Nautilus " 291 

The Wonderful "One-Hoss Shay" " 292 

Old Ironsides " 292 

The Boys " 298 

The Last Leaf " 300 

James Russsell Lowell " 302 

The Vision of Sir Launfal " 303 

Yussouf " 215 

Sidney Lanier ' 319 

The Marshes of the Glynn " 319 

(The above selections may be found in Elson's 
Grammar School Reader, Book IV. The numbers 
refer to pages in text.) 

Memorize 
America 

Star Spangled Banner 
The Flag Goes By 
The Name of Old Glory 
Lincoln's Gettysburg Speech 
Love of Country — Scott 
Abou Ben Adhem 
A Song for Flag Day — Wilbur Nesbit 

(The last twenty pages of Searson & Martin's 
Eighth Grade Reader contain excellent memory 
gems.) 

Additional Suggestions of Selections to oe 
Memorized 

Page 

The Bugle Song 43 

To a Waterfowl 60 

Love of Country 355 

Dedication Speech at Gettysburg. . . . 374 

Reputation — Othello 104 

Wolsey and Cromwell — Lines 38 to 43 104 
Charge of the Light Brigade 22 



44 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



Destruction of Sennacherib 74 

Burial of Sir John Moore 85 

Paul Revere's Ride — "A hurry of 
hoofs in a village street" (8 lines) 

or last stanza 15 

To a Skylark — Seventh and last stan- 
zas 64 

Marco Bozzaris — L'ast stanza 82 

The Building of the Ship — Last stanza 251 
Snow-Bound — Lines 31 to 53 or 155 

to 175 265 

The Chambered Nautilus — Last stanza 291 
The Vision of Sir Launfal — Lines 33 

to 95 303, 304 

Speech of Patrick Henry — Lines S2 
to end 350 

Supposed Speech of John Adams — 
Lines 50 to 60 367 



The American Flag — First and last 

stanzas 385 

Recessional — First and last stanzas.. 390 

(The above selections may be found in Elson's 
Grammar School Reader, Book IV. The numbers 
refer to pages. Also see Searson & Martin's Eighth 
Grade Reader.) 

British Authors 
Alfred Tennyson 
Robt. Browning 
William Shakespeare 
Walter Scott 
Robert Louis Stevenson 
Robert Burns 
William Wadsworth 
Felecia Hemans 

(Study briefly biographies and selections. May 
be found in Elson's Grammar School Readers, III 
and IV.) 



Reading Answers 



READING ANSWERS 

Lesson I. 

4-9-15 

1. Left for pupil. 

2. Left for pupil. 

3. Three characters in the poem, Evangeline are — Evangeline, Gabriel, and Benedict 
Bellefontaine. 

Evangeline. — "When she had passed, it seemed like the ceasing of exquisite music." 
Gabriel, a valiant youth, was the son of Basil the blacksmith. 

Benedict Bellefontaine, the father of Evangeline, was the wealthiest farmer of 
Grand Pre- 

4. The author of the poem, Evangeline, is Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. 
The following outline is suggested for biography: 

W T hen and where born? 

Incidents of early life. 

Schooling. 

Names of principal literary productions. 

Home life. Characteristics that made for greatness. 

Personal appearance. 

To what class or period did he belong? 

5. We should read the daily papers: 

1st. They are a means of general information. 
2nd. Great questions and problems of the day discussed. 
3rd. Establishes the habit of daily reading. 

4th. Daily papers have a strong influence on people, socially, religiously, education- 
ally and politically. 

5th. Those pupils who read daily papers have more practical knowledge, and are 
better readers. When a child is grown much of his reading will be from news- 
papers. He should learn to get the most and best from them in the shortest time. 

6. Pupil read a selection. 

7. Pupil read a selection. 

8. Pupil read a selection. 

9. Pupil read a selection. 
10. Pupil read a selection. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 45 

READING LESSONS 

Lesson II. 

5-7-15 

1. Reading is regarded as a subject of great importance in the Elementary School. It 
is the foundation of successful school work. 

Upon the ability tc read, depends the understanding of all school subjects. 

Most occupations outside of school call for some abilty to read. 

The best thought of the ages is obtained through reading. 

Reading is a means of culture. It is also a means of pleasure and recreation. 

By reading, a taste for the right sort of books may be developed. 

There are many practical uses of reading. 

2. (a) Emphasis is a particular stress or force of voice given to one or more words 
which is to be made prominent, or which the reader or speaker wishes to make 
prominent. 

(b) When reading, the word that indicates the main idea, is spoken in a higher 
pitch and with more force. 

3. Left for pupil. 

4. See Lesson L, question 5. 

5. Longfellow — Evangeline (Hiawatha, Courtship of Miles Standish). 
Whittier — Snow-Bound. (Barefoot Boy). 

Poe — The Raven. 

Abraham Lincoln — Gettysburg Address. 

Bryant — Thanatopsis. 

6. Pupil read a selection. 

7. Pupil read a selection. 

8. • Pupil read a selection. 

9. Pupil read a selection. 
10. Pupil read a selection. 

READING ANSWERS 

Lesson III. 

3-10-16 

1. The dictionary may be of use in studying the reading lesson in the followng ways: 
1st. In the definitions of new words which cannot be gathered from the context. 

•2nd. Pronunciations. (A key to marks and signs). 
3rd. Spelling. 

4th. As an inspiration to acquire a larger number of words for daily use. 
5th. For the study of prefixes, suffixes, and word stems, also history of words. 
6th. Teaches discrimination — makes reading more interesting and enjoyable. When 
trained to the use of the dictionary, one will use other reference books. 

2. (a) Everyone should strive to read well that he may study well the texts in all 
school subjects. He should read to acquire skill in reading — to get quickly at es- 
sentials through careful reading with exact understanding. 

Ability to read well is a pleasure to the reader and to the listener. It is a process 
of thought getting and thought giving. To read well orally, is a delightful ac- 
complishment. 

Tc read well silently, is a necessity to every well educated individual, 
(b) One may' become a good reader by entering into the spirit of the selection 
and reading it so as to convey that spirit to those who listen; by cultivaing a good 
rate of reading; the proper use of the vocal organs, enunciation; the correct pro- 
nunciation of words; the careful study of the worth of the thought and the beauty 
of its expression. 

3. A Memory Gem is a sentence, a paragraph or stanza of some selection commited 
to memory. 

Pupil should commit to memory the following: 

A good deed is never lost. He who sows courtesy, reaps friendship, and he who 

plants kindness, gathers love. — Richard Brooks. 

4. Left for the pupil. 

5. See Lesson I., question 5. 



46 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



6. Pupil read a selection. 

7. Pupil read a selection. 

8. Pupil read a selection. 

9. Pupil read a selection. 
10. Pupil read a selection. 

READING ANSWERS 

Lesson IV. 

4-13-16 

1. We study reading to interpret written and spoken words and to express their 
meaning to others. The first refers to silent readng, the second to oral reading. 

2. See Lesson II., question 1 for first part. 

Three reasons why reading is our most important subject: 

1st. Reading, in some form, extends through the entire school life. One must read 

to learn. 

2nd. It is a means of culture. 

3rd. It is a means of pleasure and recreation. 

3. This selection should be read slowly. The thought suggests death and burial. 

4. Longfellow — The Buildng of the Ship (Evangeline). 
Whittier — Barefoot Boy (Snow-Bound). 

Holmes — The Chambered Nautilus (The Boys). 

Bryant — Thanatopsis. 

Poe — The Raven (Annabel Lee). 

6. Pupil read a selection. 

7. Pupil read a selection. 

8. Pupil read a selection. 

9. Pupil read a selection. 

10. Pupil read a selection. 

READING ANSWERS 

Lesson V. 

5-5-16 

1. See Lesson I., question 5. 

2. Left for the pupil. 

3. Left for the pupil. 

4. Left for the pupil. 

5. (a) See Lesson II., question 2, for emphasis. 

(b) Poetry is a writing in verse or rhyme in which there is rythm. It is usually 
of high thought, imagination, or emotion. 

(c) Prose is the ordinary form of speaking or writing — not rythmical — opposed to 
verse. 

6. Pupil read a selection. 

7. Pupil read a selection. 

8. Pupil read a selection. 

9. Pupil read a selection. 
10. Pupil read a selection. 



READING ANSWERS 

Lesson VI. 

3-23-17 

1. See Lesson III., question 2, second part. 

2. Left for the pupil. 

3. Left for the pupil. 

4. Lincoln — "Gettysburg Address." 
Whittier— "Snow-Bound"— "Barefoot Boy." 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 47 

Jefferson — "Declaration of Independence." 

Holmes— "The Chambered Nautilus"— "The Boys." 

Longfellow — "The Building of the Ship" — "Excelsior" — "Evangeline" — "Courtship 

of Miles Standish." 

Lowell— "The Vision of Sir Launfal." 

Tennyson— "The Brook"— "Sweet and Low"— "The Passing of Arthur"— "Break, 

Break, Break." 

5. "Now, in building chaises, I tell you what, 
There is always someivhere a weakest spot; 
And that's the reason, beyond a doubt, 
A chaise breaks down, but doesn't wear out." 

READING ANSWERS 

Lesson VII. 

4-20-17 

1. (a) If oral reading is meant — good reading means more than reading words cor- 
rectly. It is getting the author's meaning and giving it to others. 

The rate of reading, which is determined by the thought of selection, is important, 
also the pitch of voice, enunciation and correct pronunciation of words. 
In silent reading, the grasping of the thought of a sentence or paragraph by rapid 
eye-sweeps across the page, holding the thought and using the thought, are some 
of the things which constitute good reading. 

(b) Some advantages derived from good reading are: 
To express familiar ideas in speech or writing. 

Skill in getting quickly at essential thought of selection or articles, by mastery of 
words and word groups which convey the thought. 

(c) Good reading gives pleasure to the reader as well as to the listener. It is a 
means of gaining information and giving information to others. 

2. Left for the pupil. 

3. Left for the pupil. 

4. Literature is the main source for the development of ideas. 
Good literature is that which inspires to higher or nobler ideals. 
Bad literature is that in which the ideals are of a low order. 

5. Punctuation marks aid in making clear to the eye the author's meaning by group 
ing words together for thought-getting. They also indicate the structure of the 
sentence. 

6. "The rich man's son inherits land and piles of brick and stone, 

And he inherits soft, white hands and tender flesh which fears the cold, 

Nor dares to wear a garment old, 

A heritage, ts seems to me, one scarce would wish to hold in /ee." 

This is a stanza from Lowell's poem "The Heritage." In it Lowell compares the 

fortune of those born poor with those born rich. It is a poem of encouragement 

since many men in our country have risen from poverty to wealth and power. 

7. "Piles of brick and stone" interpreted to mean houses and buildings or great pos- 
sessions. 

8. The second line means that the rich man's son receives as an inheritance, hands 
which have never been hardened by toil; tender flesh or a body which has to be 
protected from the rigors of life, and which must always be properly clothed to 
uphold position. 

9. The receiving of a heritage such as described in this stanza leaves little to be at- 
tained in life. There is no chance to rise on ones own merit. 

10. Left for the pupil. 

READING ANSWERS 

Lesson VIII. 

5-11-17 
1-5. The four-leaf clover is said to bring luck to the finder. 

This poem has a message that inspires all with a loftier vision of life and luck 
and love. If one has faith, hope, love, work, and is strong and patient, he will 
find the best in life, or the place where the four-leaf clover grows. 



48 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

6. See Lesson III., question .2, and Lesson VII., question 1. 

7. mag' nl fy (fl) 
de plar' a ble 
car dl nil (kar') 
law' less 

def" i ni' tion (nlsh un) 

8. (a) Did you pick the strawberries? 

(b) Yes, I picked them last night. 

(c) "Give me liberty or give me death!" 

(d) "Oh for boyhood's days in JuneV 

The emphasis may be changed according to meaning to be conveyed. 

9. In the preparation of a reading lesson one should have in mind: 
1st. The purpose of the selection. 

2nd. Find out, if possible, circumstances under which it was written, or any details 

which make it seem alive. 

3rd. How to organize, remember and apply the contents read in other situations 

than those present in the matter read. 

4th. How to pronounce and use unfamiliar words in selection, and make them a 

part of the vocabulary. 

10. (a) For emphasis see Lesson II., question 2. 
It is time to go. 

(b) Accent is the stress of voice upon a particular syllable of a word to make it 
more prominent than the rest. A short oblique line ' indicates the primary accent. 
Two short light lines " indicate the secondary accent — as am" bus cade'. 



READING ANSWERS 

Lesson IX. 

4-11-18 

1. See Lesson VIIL, question 9. 

2. Three (or more) important things to do in oral reading: 

1st. To read the selections silently which must always go before oral reading. 

2nd. To get the thought of the author and give it to others. . 

3rd. Study new words for meaning and pronunciation. 

4th. To enunciate clearly and read at a proper rate of speed. 

3. James Fenimore Cooper — "The Last of the Mohicans." 
Washington Irving — Rip Van Winkle. 

4. Longfellow — Hiawatha. 
Whittier — Maud Muller. 

5. (a) A paragraph is a sentence or a group of sentences that belong together because 
they all tell about one idea or subject. 

(b) A stanza is a number of lines or verses, the length and form of which are 

fixed. 

The paragraph in prose is very much what the stanza is in verse. 

6. See Lesson VII., question 5. 

7. (a) Lincoln's Gettysburg Address should be read slowly, for each phrase means 
much, because of the largeness of thought and the emotion. 

(b) Mother Goose rhymes should be read rapidly for they do not mean much 
(mean almost nothing at all) — the thoughts are not large. 

8. beneath — under 
ancient — old 
dominion — sovereignty 
vision — apparition 

9. "Reading without purpose is sauntering, not exercise. More is got from one book 

on which the thought settles, for a definite end in knowledge, than from libraries 
skimmed over by a wandering eye." 
10. Left for the pupil. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 49 

READING ANSWERS 

Lesson X. 

5-9-18 

1. See Lesson III., question 1. 

2. (a) Oliver Wendell Holmes — "The Chambered Nautilus." 

(b) William Cullen Bryant — "Thanatopsis." 

(c) James Russell Lowell — "The Vision of Sir Launfal." 

(d) Alfred Tennyson— "The Brook." 

(e) Samuel Taylor Coleridge — "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner." 

3. (a) The period. The wind blew violently. 

(b) The interrogation mark. Are the lilacs in bloom? 

(c) The exclamation mark. — "Woodman, spare that tree!" 

(d) The comma. "Sail on, O Union, strong and great!" 

4. See Lesson II., question 4. 

5. Acadia, now Nova Scotia, was the home of peace-loving French farmers. 
Following the ceding of Acadia to the English they were, in 1755, commanded to 
take an oath of allegiance to the British sovereign because of their sympathy for 
the French cause. 

Their refusal to do so was met by an order to leave the country. Many thousands 
were carried away to the English Colonies scattered from Massachusetts to Georgia. 
Families were sometimes separated. This is the basis or setting for the poem. 
The chief interest centers about the sweet, loyal heroine, whose faithfulness to her 
lover is the theme and the great thought of the poem. 

0. (a) Articulation is uttering in distinct syllables, or speaking distinctly. 

(b) See Lesson VIII., question 10, for accent. 

(c) See Lesson II., question 2, for emphasis. 

(d) See Lesson IX., question 5, for paragraph. 

(e) See Lesson IX., question 5, for stanza. 

7. (a) Oral reading is the process of uttering aloud written or printed matter either 
while pursuing it or from memory. It consists of a combination of eye-sweeps 
across the page, interpretation of the thought and vocal utterance. Pronunciation 
of words very important: 

(b) Silent reading is getting the thought from the printed or written page. The 
process is a number of eye sweeps across the page. Silent reading always goes 
before oral. Meanings of words very important. 

8. (a) Phonics are the sounds of the letters of the alphabet or a combination of these 
sounds. 

(b) Five phonograms are ell, ill, an, ch, wh, sh, th. 

9. Left for the pupil. 
L0. Left for the pupil. 

READING ANSWERS 

Lesson XI. 

4-10-19 

1. Left for the pupil. 

2. A poor reader is apt to be a poor scholar as reading is necessary in all school 
work. He may be slow to get the thought by eye sweeps across the page, in silent 
reading, and in not recognizing words readily. He fails to use his eyes to grasp 
groups of words and may move the lips thus wasting time. He does not read with 
a purpose. 

3. See Lesson III., question 1. 

4. See Lesson I., question 5. 

5. (a) See Lesson II., question 2. 

(b) "It is as easy to be great as to be small." — Emerson. 

6. Left for the pupil. 

7. (a) See Lesson X., question 5. 

(b) Evangeline, Gabriel, Benedict, Belief ontaine, and Basil. (Rene Leblanc) (Father 
Felician). 

(c) Longfellow. 



£0 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

(d) Evangeline, the pride of the village of Grand Pre, was the daughter of Bene- 
dict Bellefontaine. 

She was fair — with black eyes and brown hair. Gentle and of a deeply religious 
nature. The poet tells that — "When she had passed, it seemed like the ceasing of 
exquisite music." She was happy with Gabriel, her lover, when the edict of 1755 
compelled the Acadians to leave their homes. Many families were separated and 
maidens and lovers parted forever. 

Evangeline was torn from her lover by enemies. In her long search for him, 
through forests, down long rivers, in encampments, finding traces of him only to 
end in disappointment, but still believing that God would direct her steps, youth 
passes away and her hair becomes gray. 

After many years in search of him, she found him in a hospital, dying. The 
loyalty and faithfulness of her nature was shown in her long search for him. 

8. Snow-Bound — Whittier. 
Vision of Sir Launfal — Lowell. 
Thanatopsis — Bryant. 

Great Stone Face — Hawthorne. 

Star Spangled Banner — Francis Scott Key. 

America — S. F. Smith. 

Children's Hour — Longfellow. 

9. Left for the pupil. 
10. Left for the pupil. 

READING ANSWERS 

Lesson XII. 

5-9-19 

1. (a) Reading is the act of interpreting written or printed matter. 

Reading is getting the thought from a written or printed page, holding the 
thought, using the thought, and expressing the thought. 

(b) A good reader is one who, in silent reading, reproduces in himself the ex- 
perience of the writer. In oral reading, he causes the experience of the writer 
to be reproduced in his audience. 

A good reader is one who reads understandingly, fluently, and feelingly, in a good 
tone of voice or in a manner that will give pleasure to others. 

2. Reading is the foundation of all school work. Education depends largely upon 
ability to read. A good reader grasps the thought quickly and makes use of it. 
He reads with a purpose. 

3. Left for the pupil. 

4. Left for the pupil. 

5. Home Sweet Home — John Howard Payne. 
Rip Van Winkle — Washington Irving. 
Old Ironsides — Oliver Wendell Holmes. 
Snow-Bound — Whittier. 

The Death of the Flowers — Bryant. 
The Village Blacksmith — Longfellow. 
Oh Captain, My Captain — Walt Whitman. 
The Brook — Tennyson. 
In School Days — Whittier. 
Annabel Lee — Edgar Allan Poe. 

6. (a) See Lesson II., question 2, for emphasis. 

(b) See Lesson V., question 5, for prose and poetry. 

(c) Synonyms are words of the same or similar meaning. 

(d) A synopsis is a summary of the main parts which gives a general view of a 
subject or work. 

7. Left for the pupil. 

8. Left for the pupil. 

10. "An hour passed on — the Turk awoke; 
That bright dream was his last; 
He awoke to hear his sentries shriek, 
To arms, they come! the Greek! the Greek! 
He awoke — to die 'mid -flame and smoke, 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 51 

And shout, and groan, and saber-stroke, 
And death shots falling thick and fast 
As lightnings from the mountain-cloud; 
And heard, with voice as trumpet loud, 
Bozzaris cheer his band: 
'Strike — till the last armed foe expires! 
Strike — for your altars and your fires! 
Strike — for the green graves of your sires, 
God, and your native land!' " 
A different interpretation of thought will change emphasis. 

READING ANSWERS 

Lesson XIII. 

3-26-20 

1. Left for the pupil. 

2. Left for the pupil. 

3. Left for the pupil. 

4. Left for the pupil. 

5. (a) The main object of silent reading is getting the thought, or the pictures from 
the printed or written page. The meaning of words count most if the reader is to 
grasp the thought. 

(b) The main objects of oral reading are to give information to others, to give 
pleasure to others, and for the joy of expression. 

6. See Lesson II., question 1. 

7. "He was a lion in the fight" — means his strength and courage were great. 

"His hands dangled a mile out of his coat sleeves." He had very long arms and 

his coat sleeves were too short. 

(His) 
"Her cheek was like a rose in the snow." The cheeks, the pink of roses, face pale 

and hair white. 
"He kept the wolf from the door." He kept poverty from the home by providing 

necessites. • 

"He was snowed under at election." The candidate was defeated by a large 

majority. 

8. See Lesson VII., question 5. 

9. Some things that make a selection a good piece of literature are the style, the 
theme or thought of selection, the choice of words for expression of ideas, beauty, 
and spirit. It must be interesting or present a problem and its probable solution. 

10. "Aye, tear her tattered ensign down! 

Long has it waved on high. 
And many an eye has danced to see 

That banner in the sky; 
Beneath it rung the battle shout, 

And burst the conon's roar; 
The meteor of the ocean air 

Shall sweep the clouds no more." 

READING ANSWERS 

Lesson XIV. 

5-7-20 

1. Left for the pupil. 

2. Nothing so much spurs us on to do our best as the lives of successful, noble men 
and women. They are an inspiration to us to make our lives more noble and wheu 
we leave this life be remembered for our good deeds and achievements. 

3. See Lesson III., question 1. 

4. Left for the pupil. 

5. (a) A word picture is a vivid description in words. 

(b) See Lesson III., question 3, for memory gem. 

(c) A patriotic selection is one that inspires patriotism, or respect, loyalty, and love 
of country. 



52 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



9. 
10. 



Left for the pupil. 
Left for the pupil. 

(a) In literature — story means a narrative in either prose or verse. 

(b) Biography is the written history of a person's life. 

(c) A sketch is an outline or short story. It is also a rough or incomplete plan or 
draft of any design. 

See Lesson V., question 5. 

Left for the pupil. 



READING ANSWERS 

Lesson XV. 

4-8-21 

1. Left for the pupil. 

2. Left for the pupil. 

3. See Lesson IX., question 2. 

4. See Lesson XL, question 2. 

5. Left for the pupil. 

6. See Lesson I., question 5. 

7. (a) The receipt is on the table. 

(b) The loess region covers a large part of Nebraska. 

(c) Some changes were made in the Constitution of Nebraska. 

(d) Scarlet Fever is a contagious disease. 

(e) The earth is divided into five great zones. 

8. Evangeline — Longfellow. 
Old Ironsides — Holmes. 

Star Spangled Banner — Keys. 

Snow-Bound — Whittier. 

Vision of Sir Launfal — Lowell. 

9. See Lesson II., question 5. 
Tennyson — The Brook. 

Washington Irving — Legend of Sleepy Hollow. 

10. See Lesson VIII., question 9. 



READING ANSWERS 



Lesson XVI. 

5-6-21 



1. See Lesson II., question 1. 

2. See Lesson VI., queston 4. 
Bryant — Thanatopsis. 

3. Great Stone Face — Hawthorne. 
Snow-Bound — Whittier. 

Rip Van Winkle — Irving. 
Thanatopsis — Bryant. 
Chambered Nautilus — Holmes. 

4. Left for the pupil. 

5. See Lesson VIII., question 9. 

6. See Lesson II., question 4. 

7. Left for the pupil. 

8. See Lesson II., question 1. 

9. Left for the pupil. 

10. See Lesson XL, question 7. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 53 

READING ANSWERS 

Lesson XVII. 

4-6-22 

1. See Lesson II., question 1. 

2. See Lesson III., question 1. 

3. See Lesson VII., question 5. 

4. Left for the pupil. 

5. See Lesson XIV., question 2. 

6. Left for the pupil 

7. Left for the pupil. 

8. See Lesson X., question 5. 

9. See Lesson XL, question 8; and Lesson XII., question 5. 
Rip Van Winkle by Washington Irving. 

The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe. 

To a Waterfowl by William Cullen Bryant. 

Paul Revere's Ride by Henry W. Longfellow. 

10. "A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush," means: We should not risk that 
which we already have for that which we are not certain of acquiring. Or, what 
we now have is worth twice as much to us as that of which we are not certain, 
(b) See Lesson XIII., question 7. 

(c) "Don't cross a bridge until you come to it," means: Do not worry over things 
which have not and may not happen, 
(d) See Lesson XIII. , question 7. 

READING ANSWERS 

Lesson XVIII. 

5-4-22 

1. See Lesson III., question 1. 

2. The main object in silent reading is to get the thought. 
In oral reading the main object is to give the thought. 
See Lesson X., question 7. 

3. When the story of Evangeline opens the reader becomes acquainted with a fair, 
slender, sweet tempered girl seventeen years old. She was the pride of the village 
because of her unselfish character and self-sacrificing ways. 

Benedict Bellefontaine was a man stalwart and stately in form, although seventy 
years old, he was hearty and hale, overseeing his farm which had made him the 
wealthiest farmer in Grand Pre. 
See Lesson 1., question 3. 

4. Longfellow — Evangeline. 
Bryant — Thanatopsis. 
Whittier — Snow-Bound. 

Holmes — The Chambered Nautilus. 
Lowell — The Vision of Sir Launfal. 

5. See Lesson XL, question 2. 

6. Left for the pupil. 

7. See Lesson II., question 4; and Lesson III., question 5. 

8. The Barefoot Boy— John G. Whittier. 

The Great Stone Face — Nathaniel Hawthorne. 

The Vision of Sir Launfal — Lowell. 

Evangeline — Longfellow. 

The Star Spangled Banner — Francis Scott Key. 

Oh Captain, My Captain — Walt Whitman. 

The Village Blacksmith — Longfellow. 

Thanatopsis — Bryant. 

Snow-Bound — Whittier. 

See Lesson XL, question 8; Lesson XII., question 5; Lesson XV., question 8. 

9. Left for the pupil. 
10. Left for the pupil. 



Penmanship Questions 



Lesson I 

PENMANSHIP 
4-8-15 

1. Name two requisites of a good pen- 
man. 

2. Name two things that have helped 
you to improve your penmanship. 

3. Describe the proper manner of hold- 
ing the pen, the proper position of the 
body while writing, and the proper posi- 
tion of the paper. 

4. Write the letters of the alphabet, 
grouping them according to the number of 
spaces above or below the base line. 

5. Copy the following stanza: 

"Consider 
The birds that have no barn nor har- 
vest-weeks ; 

God gives them food — 
Much more our Father seeks 

To do us good." 

Lesson II 

PENMANSHIP 
5-6-15 

1. Write all the small letters in alpha- 
betical order. 

2. Write all the capital letters in alpha- 
betical order. 

3. Write the figures from one to ten. 

4. Name the requisites of a good pen- 
man. 

5. Write a neat, carefully worded letter 
to the Secretary of Agriculture at Wash- 
ington asking him to send you a copy of 
Farmers Bulletin No. 513, Fifty Common 
Birds. 

Lesson III 

PENMANSHIP 
3-9-16 

1. What is good writing? How ac- 
quired? 

2. Give three reasons for good writing. 

3. Why are good materials important? 
Write one line each of three exercises for 
muscular penmanship. 

4. Describe the correct position in writ- 
ing of (a) the body, (b) arm, (c) hand, 
(d) pen, (e) paper. 

5. Write these fractions: 1/2, 3/4, 5/6, 
7/8, 9/10. 

Lesson IV 

PENMANSHIP 
4-13-16 
1. Distinguish between arm and finger 
movement. Which is the better? Why? 



2. What has rate of speed to do with 
good writing? 

3. Write the following commercial ab- 
breviations and tell what each means: c, $, 
%, @, &c, c/o, a/c. 

4. How can you improve your writing? 

5. Name the points to be observed in 
writing a letter. 

Lesson V 

PENMANSHIP 
5-5-16 

1. How may muscular movement in 
writing be acquired? 

2. Write all the capital letters in alpha- 
betical order. 

3. Write all the small letters in alpha- 
betical order. 

4. Copy this problem: No. 1. 2X8-r- 
4—3+5X6+7—9=? 

5. Copy neatly: 

The year's at the spring 
And day's at the morn, 
Morning's at seven. 
The hillside's dew pearled; 
The lark's on the wing; 
The snail's on the thorn; 
God's in His heaven; 
All's right with the world. 

— Browning 



Lesson VI 

PENMANSHIP 
3-22-17 

1. Make a list of the one space letters. 

2. What are movement exercises and 
of what use are they? 

3. Give directions for holding the pen 
and for placing the practice paper or the 
copy book. 

4. Name three essentials of a good pen- 
man. 

5. Write a short letter of friendship as 
a specimen of your hand writing. 



Lesson VII 

PENMANSHIP 
4-19-17 

1. Write the letters of three spaces, 
five spaces, two spaces, one space in height. 

2. Analyze: a, c, i, b, 1, m, t, w, h, p. 

3. Write a letter ordering three articles 
from a dry goods merchant. Make out 
the bill he should enclose with the order. 



(55) 



56 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



Note: — This letter should state whether 
the goods are to come by express, par- 
cel post, etc. 

4. Write a check to pay for these goods. 

5. You might wish to pay for this order 
of goods with a bank draft. Write the 
draft which your banker would probably 
make in this case. 

6-10. The last five questions will be 
graded on your manuscript. Conductors 
or readers of papers will be guided by 
the following rules: 

1. General neatness. 

2. Slant of letters. 

3. Height of letters. 

4. How nearly your writing on all 
manuscripts reaches the standard 
of the county (By standard is 
meant Palmer or other system em- 
ployed or advocated by county su- 
perintendent.) 

Lesson VIII 

PENMANSHIP 
5-10-17 

1. What system of penmanship is taught 
in your county? What are some of its good 
points? 

2. How would you show the pupil how 
to overcome the natural tendency to mus- 
cular rigidity? 

3. (a) What is the object of counting 
in penmanship drills? (b) Explain how 
you would start first grade children in 
writing. 

4. What use do you make of the black- 
board; (a) by the teacher; (b) by the 
pupil? 

5-10. Write a stanza from some poem. 
Lesson IX 

PENMANSHIP 
4-11-18 

1. What have you and your teachers 
done during the past two years in the 
way of making you a good "muscular move- 
ment" writer? 

2. What constitutes good writing? 

3. Describe definitely how the pen 
should be held in writing. 

4. Write the figures from 1 to 10. 

5. Write all of the capital letters in 
alphabetical order. 

6. Write two lines of the one-space let- 
ters. 

7. What two things should be in the 
heading of a letter? Write heading cor- 
rectly. 

8 Draw a space for an envelope and 
address it correctly. 



9. Write a receipt from James Brown 
to William Smtih for a month's rent for 
a house. 

10. Write the first stanza of "America." 

Lesson X 

PENMANSHIP 
5-9-18 

1. What system of penmanship is taught 
in your county? Name at least three of 
its good points. 

2. Write a check in favor of your 
teacher for nine dollars in full payment 
for supplies she has furnished during the 
school year. 

3. Write one line each of three differ- 
ent muscular movement drills. 

4. Of what benefit are movement exer- 
cises? 

5. Write a letter ordering a bill of 
goods. 

6. Write the capital letters; the small 
letters; the nine digits as you would pre- 
sent each for a copy. 

7. What is the difference between mus- 
cular and finger movement? 

8. Write your favorite "Memory Gem" 
as a specimen of your best writing. 

9. (a) How many lessons in penman- 
ship have you been having each week? 
(b) How much time is devoted to the pen- 
manship lesson each day? (c) Do you 
think this a sufficient amount to make 
you a good penman? 

10. Give the correct position of the 
body, paper and pen in order to secure 
the best results when writing. 

Lesson XI 

PENMANSHIP 
4-10-19 

1. What system of penmanship have 
you been taught during the past year or 
two? Name some of its good points. 

2. Write one line each of three different 
muscular movement exercises. 

3. Write the figures from 1 to 10. 

4. Write all the capital letters. 

5. Write the one space letters. 

6. Write the correct heading of a letter 
to John Smith at Lincoln. 

7. Draw a space for an envelope and 
address it correctly. 

8. What do you understand "good writ- 
ing" to be? 

9. Put down for addition a column of 
five numbers each of three places. Do not 
add. 

10 Write the first stanza of "America" 
as a specimen of your best penmanship. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 



57 



Lesson XII 

PENMANSHIP 
5-8-19 

1. Tell what you have been taught in 
regard to the proper position of the pen, 
the paper, and the body while writing, (b) 
Does a correct knowledge of the above 
help to make your writing better? 

2. Write one line of any good muscu- 
lar movement exercise, (b) Of what bene- 
fit is such an exercise? 

3. Write the proper form for the head- 
ing and salutation of a business letter. 

4. How much time has been devoted 
each day to penmanship in your school, 
and at what time has it been taught during 
the day? (b) Do you think this enough 
to make you a good penman? 

5. Write the small letters and the fig- 
ures as a specimen of your best writing. 
Now try to make the rest of your paper 
compare with this, your best writing. 

6. What are three of the good points 
in the system of penmanship taught in 
your county? 

7. You are a poor writer. How may 
you improve your writing? 

8. Should speed have anything to do 
with good writing? If so, why? 

9. Write the capital letters. 

10. I wish you to look over your paper 
in a careful manner. If you were to grade 
it, what grade do you think you should 
have? Be honest and careful in your 
judgment. 

Lesson XIII 

PENMANSHIP 
3-25-20 

1. Tell briefly what you have been 
taught about position, pen holding and 
movement. 

2. Write a line of direct ovals, making 
them compact. 

3. Write a line of the push and pall 
exercise. 

4. Write the figures from 1 to 10. 

5. Of what value is good penmanship? 

6-10. Write: 
"Whichever way the wind doth blow, 
Some heart is glad to have it so; 
Then blow it east or blow it wf\st, 
The wind that blows, that wind is best." 

Lesson XIV 

PENMANSHIP 
5-6-20 

1. What is good penmanship? 

2. Write a line of the oval drill. 

3. What advantages has the muscular 
movement over the finger movement? 



4. Write a line of the push and pull 
exercise. 

5. Write the figures from 1 to 10. 
6-10. Write: 

"Happy is the individual who is at 
peace with God, who looks the busy world 
in the face with that rich tone of char- 
acter that subdues evil, who carries not 
malice, envy, hate, revenge — but whose 
soul is an open book of frankness, justice 
and good-will." 

Lesson XV 

PENMANSHIP 
4-7-21 

1. What are movement exercises and of 
what value are they? 

2. Write one line of each of two move- 
ment exercises. 

3. Why is muscular movement better 
than finger movement? 

4. Make a list of the one space letters. 

5. Write all the capital letters. 

6. Write all the figures. 

7. What constitutes good writing? 

8. What do you consider the best way 
to improve your penmanship? 

9. Write your favorite memory gem. 

10. Write a letter ordering a bill of 
goods. 

Lesson XVI 

PENMANSHIP 
5-5-21 

1. Write two lines of direct ovals. 

2. Write the alphabet in small letters. 

3. Write the alphabet in capitals. 

4. Give three advantages of muscular 
movement writing over finger writing. 

5. What is the correct position for writ- 
ing? 

6-10. Copy in your best writing: 
"Hats off! 
Along the street there comes 
A blare of bugles, a ruffle of drums, 
A flash of color beneath the sky: 
Hats off! 
The flag is passing by!" 

Lesson XVIL 

PENMANSHIP 

4-6-22 

1. What two things have helped you in 
bettering your penmanship? 

2. Give three reasons for good penman- 
ship. 

3. Write one line of direct ovals; one 
line of "indirect" ovals. 



58 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



4. Write the figures from 1 to 10. 

5. Write the letters of the alphabet, 
both small and capitals. 

6. What system or method of penman- 
ship have you been taught? 

7. Draw a space for an envelope and 
address it to your county superintendent. 

8. Write the correct heading for a let- 
ter to O. G. Brown who lives in Omaha. 

9. Write the first stanza of your favor- 
ite song as a specimen of your best pen- 
manship. 

10. Describe the correct position of 
body, pen and paper in a penmanship les- 
son. 

Lesson XVIII. 

PENMANSHIP 

5-4-22 

1. What three things constitute good 
writing? 



2. Give the proper position of (a) 
paper, (b) hands, (c) feet while writing. 

3. Give three advantages of muscular 
movement writing over finger writing. 

4. What must one do in order to be- 
come a good penman? 

5. Write all the figures from one to 
ten. 

6. Write all the capital letters in alpha- 
betical order. 

7. Write all the small letters in alpha- 
betical order. 

8. Write one line each of three dif- 
ferent muscular movement exercises. 

9. Write the following commercial ab- 
breviations and tell what each means: 
Pd., Mdse., Int., Cwt., C. 0. D. 

10. Write the "Flag Salute" as a speci- 
men of your best penmanship. 



Penmanship Answers 



PENMANSHIP ANSWERS 

Lesson I. 

4-8-15 

The four essentials of good penmanship are — legibility, rapidity, ease, and endur- 
ance. 

Studying a drill in every little detail until the correct picture is in the mind, 
and practicing the drills, have improved penmanship. 

The students sit at the extreme right in the seats; the uper end of thp pen- 
holder points a little to the right of the shoulder, usually halfway between the 
elbow and the shoulder; the manual is placed at the upper left corner of the 
desk; the left forearm is on the desk in such a position as will keep the body 
upright, the left shoulder from drooping, and retain the free use of the left hand 
for changing the position of the manual and the paper as required. The paper is 
placed upon the desk so that the upper right hand corner is almost directly in 
front of the penman. The penholder rests a little below the knuckle joint. The 
first finger bends naturally, and rests on top of the holder about one inch from the 
point of the pen; the thumb rests on the holder nearly opposite the first joint of 
the first finger, and the third and fourth fingers are bent, resting on the paper and 
forming a movable rest. 
Letters grouped as to spaces above or below the base line. 




^zzy^c^£y<. 



5. Left for the pupil. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 



59 



PENMANSHIP ANSWERS 

Lesson II. 

5-6-15 
1. Small letters in alphabetical order. 



'^T^zy 




2. Capital letters in alphabetical order. 




?iap^Jf*2{ ^ %-% y 



*/ ^- 6, 7 f f 




3. Figures from one to ten. 



4. 

5. 



/ 2- *3 

See Lesson I., question 1 



O 



Dean, Nebraska., 
May 6, 1922. 



Hon. Henry C. Wallace, 
Secretary of Agriculture, 
Washington, D. C. 
Dear Sir: 

Please send me a copy of Farmers' Bulletin No. 513, "Fifty 
Common Birds". 

Very truly yours, 

GENE GREW. 

PENMANSHIP ANSWERS 

Lesson III. 

3-9-16 

1. Good writing is any writing which developes in the highest degree legibility, 
rapidity, ease, and endurance. It can be acquired through study and drill. 

2. Three reasons for good writing are that good writng is easily read, quickly writ- 
ten, and less tiresome to write than is poor writing. 

3. (a) Good materials are important because progress cannot be made with poor 
paper, poor pens, or poor ink. 

(b) Three exercises for muscular penmanship. 




4. See Lesson I., question 3. 

5. Left for the pupil. 






60 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



4. 
5. 



PENMANSHIP ANSWERS 

Lesson IV. 

4-13-16 

Finger movement is where the driving power of the pen is located in the muscles 
of the fingers. These muscles tire quickly. 

Muscular movement as applied to writing, is the movement of the muscles of the 
arm from the shoulder to the wrist, with the larger part of the arm below the 
elbow on the desk, the fingers not being held rigid, but remaining passive and 
neither extended nor contracted in the formation of letters. In this movement, 
the driving power is located above the elbow in the upper muscles of the arm. 
This method gives freedom of movement, the result of which is legibility, rapid- 
ity, ease and endurance. 

Correct speed forces a light, firm line; too little speed results in shaky tremulous 

lines, while excessive speed means irregular letter formation. 

c, cent, hundred; $, dollar; %, per cent; @, at; &c, and so forth; c/o, care of; 

a/c, account. 

See Lesson I., question 2. 

The heading, salutation, body, closing phrase, and signature are the points to be 

observed in writing a letter. 



PENMANSHIP ANSWERS 



Lesson V. 

5-5-16 



1. See Lesson I. 

2. See Lesson II 

3. See Lesson II 

4. Left for the pupil 

5. Left for the pupil 



questions 2 and 3. 
question 2. 
question 1. 



PENMANSHIP ANSWERS 

Lesson VI. 

3-22-17 
The one-space letters of the alphabet. 



3. 

4. 
5. 



Movement exercises are drills in penmanship. They are of no value except as they 

lead to writing. They are the means through which to gain the muscular control 

that will enable pupils to master an ideal, permanent style of rapid, plain-as-print 

writing. 

See Lesson I., question 3. 

See Lesson I., question 1; Lesson III., question 2. 

Left for the pupil. 



PENMANSHIP ANSWERS 

Lesson VII. 

4-19-17 
The letters of three spaces, five spaces, two spaces and one space in height. 



QUESTION AND AXSWER BOOK 



61 



2. Letters analized. 



~sV/ S- 



^^ 





V^^g^ 



m 



^7 7=^, 




Z 



Deaver, Nebraska., 
April 1, 1922. 
The American Store, 
Deaver, Nebraska. 
Dear Sirs: 

Inclosed please find a check for five dollars ($5.00) for which 
send the following articles by parcel post: 

3 yds. silk, black, @ $1 per yd. $3.00 

2 linen Hdkfs. @ 75c per hdkf. 1.50 

5 yds. baby blue ribbon @ 10c per yd. .50 



(b) 



$5.00 
Yours truly, 

JOHN DOE. 



Bill enclosed with order 



Sold to 



The American Store 

Deaver, Nebraska 











John Doe April 


1, 1922 








Deaver, Nebraska. 










- — * 








3 
2 
5 


yds. of silk @ $1 per yd. 
Hdkfs. @ 75c each 
yds. ribbon @ 10c per yd. 

PAID 

4-1-22. 


$ 


3 
1 


.00 
.50 
.50 




$ 


5 


.00 


4. 


No. 3 


Deaver, Nebr., April 


1 1922 




Pay to the ore 
Five and no I 


DEAVER STATE BANK 

ler of The American Store 


$ 5.00 




'100 


-DOL 


LARS, 








$5.00 




John Doe 




5. 


Deaver, Nebraska, April 


/. 1922 




At sigh 
Five and no / 


t pay to The American Store 


or 


order 
LARS, 




'100 


-DOL 














John Doe 



6-10. Left for the pupil. 



62 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

PENMANSHIP ANSWERS 

Lesson VIII. 

5-10-17 

1. Left for the pupil. Palmer Method is excellent. 

2. The pupil may over come muscular rigidity by correct position, easy drills in 
muscular exercises, or place a weight on the paper and write with the left arm 
hanging down. The tension of the right arm is relieved at once. 

3. In developing light uniform motion in class penmanship practice, counting is im- 
portant. It makes the work more interesting, tones down the movement of the 
naturally nervous pupil, acts as a constant spur to the habitually slow boy or 
girl, and keeps the indolent student busy. 

4. Blackboard copies, even when written by expert penman, are seen at many dif- 
ferent angles, and at different distances, and do not give correct mental impres- 
sions. Little children may be taught muscular writing and correct use of the 
crayon on the board. However, this differs from pen writng. 

5-10. Left for the pupil. 

PENMANSHIP ANSWERS 

Lesson IX. 

4-11-18 

1. See Lesson I., question 2 and 3. 

2. See Lesson I., question 1; Lesson III., question 2. 

3. See Lesson I., question 3. 

4. See Lesson II., question 3. 

5. See Lesson II., question 2. 

6. See Lesson IV., question 1. 

7. The heading contains the address of the writer and the date of the writing. 

419 Clinton Avenue, 
(Heading) Omaha, Nebraska, 

April 6, 1922. 



STAMP 



Supt. John M. Matzen 

Lincoln, Nebraska 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 63 



Keen, Nebraska, June 3, 1922 
Received of William Smith 



Twenty-five and no/100 DOLLARS. 



In full for rent for the month of March, 1922 




$25.00 


James Broton 





10. Left for the pupil. 



PENMANSHIP ANSWERS 

Lesson X. 

5-9-18 



1. Left for the pupil. 
9. 



No. 6 Hazard, Nebr., March 31, 1922 

FIRST NATIONAL BANK 

Pay to Jane Dolittle or order $ 9.00 

Nine and no/100 ■ DOLLARS. 

Supplies May Bee 



3. See Lesson III., question 3. 

4. See Lesson VI., question 2. 

5. See Lesson VII., question 3. 

6. See Lesson II., questions 1, 2 and 3. 

7. See Lesson IV., question 1. 

8. Left for the pupil. 

9. Left for the pupil. 

10. See Lesson L, question 3. 

PENMANSHIP ANSWERS 

Lesson XI. 

4-10-19 

1. Left for the pupil. 

2. See Lesson III.,question 3. 

3. See. Lesson II., question 3. 

4. See Lesson II., question 2. 

5. See Lesson VI., question 1. 

6. (Heading) Aurora, Nebraska, 
(Salutation) Mr. John Smith, April 6, 1922. 

Lincoln, Nebraska. 
Dear Sir: 

7. See Lesson IX., question 8. 

8. See Lesson III., question 1. 

9. Left for the pupil. 
10. Left for the pupil. 



64 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



PENMANSHIP ANSWERS 

Lesson XII. 

5-8-19 

1. See Lesson I., question 3. 

2. (a) Direct ovals, grouped. 




(b) See Lesson VI., question 2. 

3. See Lesson XL, question 6. 

4. Left for the pupil. 

5. Left for the pupil. 

6. See Lesson I., question 1. 

7. See Lesson I., question 2. 

8. See Lesson IV., question 2. 

9. See Lesson II., question 2. 
10. Left for the pupil. 



PENMANSHIP ANSWERS 

Lesson XIII. 

3-25-20 



1. See Lesson I., question 3 

2. Direct ovals. 




3. Push and pull exercise. 




4. See Lesson II., question 3. 

5. See Lesson III., question 2. 
6-10. Left for the pupil. 



PENMANSHIP ANSWERS 

Lesson XIV. 

5-6-20 



1. See Lesson III., question 1. 

2. See Lesson XIII., question 2. 

3. See Lesson IV., question 1. 

4. See Lesson XIII., question 3. 

5. See Lesson II., question 3. 
6-10. Left for the pupil. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 



65 



PENMANSHIP ANSWERS 

Lesson XV. 

4-7-21 



See Lesson VI., question 2. 
See Lesson III., question 3. 
See Lesson IV., question 1. 
See Lesson VI., question 1. 
See Lesson II., question 2. 
See Lesson II., question 3. 
See Lesson I., question 1. 
See Lesson L, question 2. 
Left for the pupil. 
See Lesson VII., question 3. 



1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 

5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10 



1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5. 
6-10. Left for the pupil. 

PENMANSHIP ANSWERS 

Lesson XVII. 

4-6-22 

1. See Lesson L, question 2. 

2. See Lesson III., No. 2. 

3. (a) Direct ovals. See Lesson XIII., question 2. 
(b) Indirect ovals. 



See Lesson XIII., question 
See Lesson II., question 1. 
See Lesson II., question 2. 
See Lesson IV., question 1. 
See Lesson I., question 3. 



PENMANSHIP ANSWERS 

Lesson XVI. 

5-5-21 
2. 




4. See Lesson II., question 3. 

5. See Lesson II., question 1 and 2. 

6. Left for the pupil. 



Mr. O. G. Brown, 

Omaha, Nebraska. 

Dear Sir: 

Left for the pupil. 

See Lesson I., question 3. 



Ackley, Iowa, 
April 6, 1922. 



9. 
10. 



1. 
2. 
3. 

4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 

10. 



PENMANSHIP ANSWERS 



Lesson XVIII. 

5-4-22 
See Lesson I., question 1. 
See Lesson I., question 3, for (a) 
See Lesson IV., question 1. 
See Lesson IV.,. question 4. 
See Lesson II., question 3. 
See Lesson II., question 2. 
See Lesson II., question 1. 
See Lesson III. question 3. 

Pd., paid; Mdse., merchandise; Int., interest; 
collect on delivery. 
Left for the pupil. 



and (b). (c) Feet firmly on the floor. 



Cwt., hundred weight; C. O. D., 



66 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



D 



rawing 



Lesson I 

DRAWING 

4-8-15 

1. Draw a circle; a square, a triangle; 
a rectangle; an oval. 

2. Make a drawing of a leaf of the 
"CORN" which is "KING" in Nebraska. 
Draw a "Feb. 1912" calendar, originating 
the ornamental part. 

3. Draw a cube above and to the right 
of the eye. 

4. Draw a leaf, using a -triangle as its 
type shape. 

5. Draw a winter scene four inches by 
five inches, showing a tree in the fore- 
ground, distance house and trees. 



Lesson II 

DRAWING 

5-6-15 

1. Show by a drawing what is meant by 
"center of vision." 

2. Draw a border design one inch in 
width across your page. 

3. Using a cylinder for your base, draw 
as many objects as you can think of, as a 
tin cup, basket, barrel, etc. 

4. What is a free hand drawing? A 
working drawing? 

5. Name some pictures you have studied 
this year. Give the names of the painters. 



Lesson III 

DRAWING 

3-9-16 

(Answer five) 

1. Make drawing showing how to set 
the table for one person with the following 
silver and china: salad fork, dinner fork, 
dinner knife, dessert spoon, coffee spoon, 
soup spoon, dinner plate, bread and butter 
plate, glass and napkin. (Girls.) 

2. Show by drawings some good method 
of testing seed corn. (Boys.) 

3. Name the spectrum colors. 

4. Name a flower or plant in each of 
which a different one of the spectrum 
colors prevails. Sketch one of the flowers 
you have named. 

5. What is meant by "center of vision"? 

6. Make a sketch of your schoolhouse. 



1. Why do 
three pictures 
like them. 

2. Draw an 

3. Draw a 
potatoes. 

4. Make a 
spring of the 

5. What is 
ing? 



Lesson IV 

DRAWING 

4-14-16 

we study pictures? Name 
you like and tell why you 

open book. A closed book, 
bushel basket filled witb 

drawing that will indicate 
year. 

meant by free-hand draw- 



Lesson V 

DRAWING 

5-5-16 

1. Write a "Mother Goose Rhyme" and 
illustrate it. 

2. What is a perspective drawing? 

3. Name two pictures you have studied. 
Describe them and name the artists who 
painted them. 

4. Draw a poster appropriate to the 
month of May. 

5. Draw three flowers which bloom dur- 
ing the month of May. 

Lesson VI 

DRAWING 
3-21-17 

1. Draw a box showing perspective. 

2. Draw an inch border, using a leaf 
as a design. 

3. Draw a box without a lid, below and 
to the left of the eye. 

4. Make a drawing of a jar or a bottle. 

5. Define horizon line and draw a land- 
scape illustrating. 

Lesson VII 

DRAWING 
4-19-17 

1. What do you understand by per- 
spective, vanishing point, primary and 
secondary colors, center of vision? 

2. Draw a valentine and decorate as 
you like. 

3. Draw a cylinder below the level of 
the eye; a cube above the level of the eye; 
a sphere. 

4. Make a drawing containing a collec- 
tion of vegetables; a collection of fruits. 
(Each pupil may make his own selection 
of fruits and vegetables, not less than 
five of each.) 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 



67 



5. Name two or more reasons why you 
should learn to draw. 

6. Make a poster to illustrate some 
special day as Christmas, Thanksgiving, 
Arbor Day, etc., etc., etc. 

7-10. Draw a cylinder and from that 
develop as many objects as you can as 
cup, glass, box, barrel, etc. 

Lesson VIII 

DRAWING 
5-10-17 

1. Draw a poster for some special day 
as Christmas, Valentine Day, Washington's 
Birthday. 

2. Draw a vase with your favorite 
flower in it. 

3. Draw an apple on the branch of a 
tree. 

4. Make a sketch of a wigwam and pine 
trees. 

5. Draw any two of the following: 
Bunch of grapes, potato, pumpkin, beet, 
carrot, cabbage, lemon, orange, onion, to- 
mato. 

Lesson IX 

DRAWING 

4-11-18 

1. Draw a circle and a triangle. 

2. Draw a cylinder. 

3. Using a cylinder for your base, draw 
a teacup and a waste paper basket. 

4. Name two pictures you have studied 
in school, giving the name of the artists. 

5. What is your favorite picture, and 
why? 

6. Draw any two of the following: a 
pumpkin, a pear, a banana, an onion, a 
lemon. 

7. Draw an American flag. 

8. Draw a bird or a spring flower. 

9. Draw a shock of wheat. 

10. Draw an Easter border across your 
page. 

Lesson X 

DRAWING 
5-10-18 

1. Draw an open box standing below 
the eye. 

2. Define (a) horizon line, (b) converg- 
ence, (c) foreshortening, (d) construction 
lines, (e) shade. 

3. Draw a border an inch wide, using 
as a design a leaf. 

4. Draw a railroad scene, showing the 
rails, telegraph poles and other objects in 
the distance. 



5. Draw a bushel basket fined with 
apples. 

6. Name three reasons why you should 
study drawing. 

7. Mention four plants you can find for 
drawing lessons in the month of May. 

8. Name two pictures that you know 
and the artists that painted them. 

9. What is a free-hand drawing? 

10. Name the seven primary colors. 



Lesson XI 

DRAWING 

4-10-19 

1. Show by drawing some good method 
of testing seed corn. 

2. Make an outline drawing of one of 
the following: mail box, chicken coop. 

3. Name two pictures you have studied 
in school. Which is your favorite and 
why? 

4. What is meant by free-hand draw- 
ing? 

5. Draw a poster for the month of May, 
making the design appropriate for the 
month. 

6. Draw a cube; a triangle; a rectangle. 

7. Tell in your own words why you like 
the study of drawing. 

8. Make a drawing of a potato, apple, 
pumpkin. 

9. Draw a pint cup and a quart cup. 

10. Draw a box 3 inches long and a box 
y 2 foot long. 



Lesson XII 

DRAWING 

5-8-19 

1. Name three great pictures, and the 
artist of each. 

2. What is your favorite picture? Write 
a paragraph telling why you like it, or 
what you like in it. 

3. Tell simply and clearly what you 
understand by horizon line; construction 
line; convergence. Illustrate these by 
drawings. 

4. Draw a design for a book mark which 
shall be a gift for: 

(1) a friend who is fond of reading; or 

(2) a friend who likes skating; or 

(3) a friend who is fond of Boys' and 

Girls' Club Work. 

5. Draw (1) a cube; (2) a square; (3) 
a rectangle; (4) a pyramid and (5) a cyl- 
inder. 



68 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



Lesson XIII 

DRAWING 
3-25-20 

1. Draw a vertical line, a horizontal 
line, an oblique line. 

2. Name your favorite picture. Why is 
it your favorite? 

3. Draw an orange, apple or potato. 

4. Draw a rectangle, square, triangle. 

5. Draw a fence by a roadside, vanish- 
ing in the distance. 

Lesson XIV 

DRAWING 
5-6-20 

1. Draw a cube so as to show the top, 
front, and right side. 

2. Draw a cylinder in an upright posi- 
tion, showing the top. 

3. Draw a scene showing a level stretch 
of country with a tree near and one in 
the distance. 

4. Letter neatly the following title for 
a booklet cover: "Spring Flowers." 

5. What value may be derived from 
the study of drawing? 

Lesson XV 

DRAWING 

4-7-21 

1. Name three things that drawing 
teaches you. 

2. Make a drawing of a vase contain- 
ing flowers. 

3. Make a drawing expressing early 
spring. 

4. Illustrate. "The moon rose over the 
city behind the dark church tower." 

5. Name a picture you have studied and 
tell briefly what message it brings to you. 

6. What were the favorite subjects of 
the following artists: Rosa Bonheur, Mil- 
let, Landseer? 

7. Give the names of the rainbow 
colors. 

8. Draw a cube, a square, a cylinder. 

9. What is a free hand drawing? 

10. What are vertical lines? Horizontal 
lines? Parallel lines? 

Lesson XVI 

DRAWING 
5-5-21 

1. Of what value is drawing? 

2. Name the six spectrum colors. 

3. Make a drawing of potatoes, beets, 
and apples. 



4. Make a calendar design appropriate 
for May. 

5. Draw (1) a cube; (2) a square; (3) 
a cylinder. 

6. What is meant by free hand draw- 
ing? 

7. Draw a border design one inch wide 
halfway across the page. 

8. Name two pictures you have studied 
and name the artists who painted them. 

9. Make a calendar design for any 
month you may choose. 

10. Illustrate vertical lines, parallel 
lines. 



Lesson XVII. 

DRAWING 

4-6-22 

1. Give the names of the rainbow 
colors. 

2. Name two ways in which the study 
of drawing may be helpful to you. 

3. (a) What is free hand drawing? 
(b) A working drawing? 

4. Name and describe one of your 
favorite pictures. 

5. Draw a bushel basket filled with 
apples. 

6. Draw an open book. A closed book. 

7. Draw a circle, a square, a triangle, 
a rectangle, an oval. 

8. Draw any two of the following: a 
pumpkin, a water melon, a potato, a ban- 
ana, an apple. 

9. Draw a railroad vanishing in the 
distance. 

10. Make a calendar design for some 
month of the year. 



Lesson XVIII. 

DRAWING 

5-4-22 

1. Of what value to us is the study of 
drawing? 

2. What is an oblique line, a horizontal 
line, a perpendicular line? Draw each to 
illustrate your definition. 

3. Make a suitable design for a border. 

4. Name the colors of the rainbow. 

5. Draw a cylinder, a cube, a triangle, 
a square, a circle. 

6. Illustrate the line, "April showers 
bring May flowers". 

7. Draw a scene showing hills in the 
distance, a road, and two or three trees. 

8. (a) Name two pictures you have 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 69 

studied this year. (b) Give names of 10. Write a three or four line descrip- 

artists. tion of some picture you have studied and 

9. Draw an American flag. S ive its name. 



Drawing Answers 

DRAWING ANSWERS 

Lesson I. 

4-8-15 



1. Left for pupil. 

2. Left for pupil. 

3. Left for pupil. 

4. Left for pupil. 

5. Left for pupil. 

DRAWING ANSWERS 

Lesson II. 

5-6-15 

1. Left for pupil. 

2. Left for pupil. 

3. Left for pupil. 

4. Drawing executed by the hand, without the aid of the ruler is called free hand 
drawing. 

That which gives all the information necessary for the workman to construct the 
object is called working drawing. 

5. Some pictures studied are: "Can't You Talk?" by Holmes; "Feeding Her Birds," 
by Millet; "The Gleaners," by Millet; "The Madonna of the Chair," by Raphael; 
"Sir Galahad," by Watts; "Shoeing," by Landseer. 

DRAWING ANSWERS 

Lesson III. 

3-9-16 

1. Left for pupil. 

2. Left for pupil. 

3. The spectrum colors are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet. 

4. (a) Red, rose; orange, nasturtium; yellow, poppy; green, love-in-the-mist; indigo, 
flag lily; violet, violet. 

(b) Left for pupil. . 

5. The point directly opposite the eye where parallel receding lines appear to converge 
is called center of vision. 

6. Left for pupil. 

DRAWING ANSWERS 

Lesson IV. 

4-14-16 

1. (a) Picture Study gives us a knowledge of some of the world's great pictures and 
the artists who painted them. Through good pictures we may be taught to recog- 
nize and appreciate the beautiful in art and this will lead us to appreciate the 
beautiful in whatsoever form it may be presented to us. It also leads us to the 
study of great-minded men and nothing tends to character building so much as the 
study of the biographies of great men. 

(b) Three pictures that I like are "The Angelus,, and "The Gleaners'' because 
they represent the peasant life of France, and "Little Children of the Sea" because 
it represents the joy and innocency of childhood. 

2. Left for pupil. 

3. Left for pupil. 



70 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

4. Left for pupil. 

5. See Lesson II, question 4. 



DRAWING ANSWERS 

Lesson V. 

5-5-16 

1. Left for pupil. 

2. Perspective drawing is the art of making upon a plane, called the picture plane, 
a representation of objects so that the lines of the drawing appear to coincide with 
the objects, when the eye is at one fixed point called the station point. 

3. (a) Sir Galahad, by Watts. "Sir Galahad," in the legends of King Arthur, was 
the noblest of the Knighjts of the Round Table, the one who had the most important 
part in the quest for the sacred cup from which Christ drank at the Last Supper. 
He is pictured as the type of ideal manhood, because of his wonderful strength and 
purity. 

Everyone should read Tennyson's "Idylls of the King,'' and Tennyson's "Sir 
Galahad." 

4. Left for pupil. 

5. Left for pupil. 



DRAWING ANSWERS 

Lesson VI. • 

3-21-17 

1. Left for pupil. 

2. Left for pupil. 

3. Left for pupil. 

4. Left for pupil. 

5. The horizon line is an imaginary line where the earth and sky seem to meet. 



DRAWING ANSWERS 

Lesson VII. 

4-19-17 

1. (a) See Lesson V, question 2. 

(b) The vanishing points in a picture are the points at which receding lines appear 
to meet. 
* (c) The primary colors are the ones that cannot be produced by an admixture of 
others. They are yellow red and blue. 

(d) The secondary colors are colors obtained by mixing the primary colors. As 
orange, a mixture of yellow and red. 

(e) See Lesson III, question 5. 

2. Left for pupil. 

3. Left for pupil. 

4. Left for pupil. 

5. The study of drawing trains the eye to see accurately, the hand to do skillfully, 
and the judgment to decide unerringly. It cultivates the artistic sense and ap- 
preciation of beauty and of symmetry. It strengthens the powers of observation, 
perception, comparison, discernment, discrimination and original thought. 

6. Left for pupil. 

7. Left for pupil. 

8. Left for pupil. 

9. Left for pupil. 
10. Left for pupil. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 71 



DRAWING ANSWERS 

Lesson VIII. 

5-10-17 
Lesson VIII is all drawing. 



DRAWING ANSWERS 

Lesson IX. 

4-11-18 
1. See other lessons for Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4. 

5. See Lesson IV, question 1 (b). 

6. Left for pupil. 

7. Left for pupil. 

8. Left for pupil. 

9. Left for pupil. 
10. Left for pupil. 

DRAWING ANSWERS 

Lesson X. 

5-10-18 

1. Left for pupil. 

2. (a) See Lesson VI, question 5. 

(b) Tendency to come together is convergence. 

(c) Apparent shortening of a line or plane, due to its change of angle with tht 
direction of sight, is foreshortening. 

(d) Construction lines are lines drawn lightly and at the beginning, to help locate 
and form the real outline of the object. They may be imaginary guides. 

(e) That part of the object which is not in direct light is called shade. 

3. Left for pupil. 

4. Left for pupil. 

5. Left for pupil. 

6. See Lesson VII, question 5. 

7. Four plants that might be found in May as drawing lessons are the flag lily, 
violets, dandelion, butter cups and daisies. 

8. Three great pictures and the painter of each are: "Can't You Talk", by Holmes; 
"Sir Galahad," by Watts; "The Angelus," by Millet. 

9. See Lesson IV, question 5. 

10. There are only three primary colors, which are red, yellow and blue. 



DRAWING ANSWERS 

Lesson XI. 

4-10-19 

1. Left for pupil. 

2. Left for pupil. 

3. See Lesson IV, question 1 (b). 

4. See Lesson IV, question 5. 

5. Left for pupil. 

6. Left for pupil. 

7. See Lesson VII, question 5, 

8. Left for pupil. 

9. Left for pupil. 
10. Left for pupil. 



72 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



See Lesson X, 



DRAWING ANSWERS 

Lesson XII. 

5-8-19 

1. See Lesson X, question 8. 

2. See Lesson IV, question 1. 

3. Horizon Line: See Lesson VI, question 5. Construction Lines: 
question 2 (d). Convergence: See Lesson X, question 2 (b). 

4. Left for pupil. 

5. Left for pupil. 

DRAWING ANSWERS 

Lesson XIII. 

3-25-20 

1. Left for pupil. 

2. Left for pupil. 9 

3. Left for pupil. 

4. Left for pupil. 

5. Left for pupil. 

DRAWING ANSWERS 

Lesson XIV. 

5-6-20 

1. Left for pupil. 

2. Left for pupil. 

3. Left for pupil. 

4. Left for pupil. 

5. See Lesson VII, question 5. 

DRAWING ANSWERS 

Lesson XV. 

4-7-21 

1. See Lesson VII, question 5. 

2. Left for pupil. 

3. Left for pupil. 

4. Left for pupil. 

5. See Lesson V, question 3. 

6. The favorite subject of Rosa Bonheur was animals, Millet was peasant life, Land- 
seer was dogs and deer. 

7. The rainbow colors are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. 

8. Left for pupil. 

9. See Lesson II, question 4. 

10. (a) Vertical lines are lines that are upright or perpendicular to a horizontal line 
or plane. 

(b) Horizontal lines are lines extending from right to left, parallel with the hori- 
zon line. 

(c) Parallel lines are lines having the same direction and everywhere equally 
distant. 

DRAWING ANSWERS 

Lesson XVI. 

5-5-21 
1. Five values of drawing are as follows: 

(1) It trains the eye to see accurately. (2) It cultivates the habit of planning 
definitely and executing consistently according to well laid plans. (3) It is the 
universal language. (4) It speaks to children from the blackboard of every school- 
room and translates vagueness into obvious truth. (5) It is given the most valu- 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 73 

able space in daily newspapers and in^ leading magazines whether employed to 
interest, to instruct or amuse. 

2. See Lesson III, question 3. 

3. Left for pupil. 

4. Left for pupil. 
0. Left for pupil. 

6. See Lesson II, question 4. 

7. Left for pupil. 

8. See Lesson X, question 8. 

9. Left for pupil. 
10. Left for pupil. . 





DRAWING ANSWERS 




Lesson XVII. 




4-6-22 


1. 


See Lesson XV., question 1. 


2. 


See Lesson XV., question 1. 


3. 


See Lesson II., question 4. 


4. 


See Lesson V., question 3. 


5. 


Left for the pupil. 


6. 


Left for the pupil. 


7. 


Left for the pupil. 


8. 


Left for the pupil. 


9. 


Left for the pupil. 


10. 


Left for the pupil. 




DRAWING ANSWERS 




Lesson XVIII. 




5-4-22 



1. See Lesson XVI., question 1. 

2. See Lesson XIII., question 1. 

3. Left for the pupil. 

4. See Lesson III., question 3. 

5. Left for the pupil. 

6. Left for the pupil. 

7. Left for the pupil. 

8. See Lesson II., question 5. 

9. Left for the pupil. 

10. See Lesson V., question 3. 



Grammar Questions 



Lesson I 

GRAMMAR 

4-8-15 

(Answer ten) 

' 1. Define adjective, adverb, verb. 

« 2. What is a transitive verb? A regular 
verb? 

3. What is a clause? Write a sentence 
containing a noun clause in the objective 
case. 

4. What is a phrase? Write a sentence 
containing an infinitive phrase. 

5. Define simple, complex and compound 
sentences. 

6. Mary attends school. Write this 
sentence in the (a) present perfect tense, 
active voice, indicative mod,e; (b) future 
tense, active voice, indicative mode; (c) 
past tense, active voice, indicative mode; 
(d) future tense, active voice, subjunctive 
mode. 

7. Parse nouns and pronouns in the fol- 
lowing stanza: 

"The roses are a regal troop, 
And modest folk the daisies; 

But bluebells of New England, 
To you I give my praises." 

8. Write the feminine form of man, Mr., 
prince, king, lion. 

9. Write the possessive singular and the 
possessive plural of these: child, ox, man, 
lady, boy. 

10. Diagram or analyze: "He most lives 
who thinks most, feels the noblest, acts 
the best." 

11. Parse verbs in the above sentence. 

12. Choose the correct words and re- 
write these sentences: 

(a) Every leaf and every flower (look, 
looks), as fresh as if (it, they) (was, 
were) growing in June instead of August. 

(b) My brother (lay, laid) his books on 
the table and then (lay, laid) down on the 
lounge. 

Lesson II 

GRAMMAR 

5-6-15 
(Answer ten) 

1. Having saddled our horses, we 
mounted and continued our journey across 
the trackless plain with only the north 
star to guide us. Diagram or analyze. 



2. Classify the words in above sentence 
as to parts of speech. 

3. Parse the verbs and participles. 

4. What is the construction of "Having 
saddled our horses"? 

5. What kind of a phrase is "to guide 
us"? What kind is "across the trackless 
plain"? 

6. Parse all nouns and pronouns in 
sentence under question 1. 

7. Use the following correctly in sen- 
tences: lie, lay, lain; sit, set; done, did. 

8. What is mode? Name and define 
three modes. 

9. Write three collective nouns. Three 
abstract nouns. 

10. What is a personal pronoun? A 
relative pronoun? An interrogative pro- 
noun? 

11. Give the principal parts: sell, make, 
cost, find, write. 

12. Write a brief review of one selec- 
tion you have had in eighth grade reading, 
being careful in the use of capitals, punc- 
tuation, correct words, spelling, paragraph- 
ing, and stating your ideas clearly. 



Lesson III 

GRAMMAR 

3-9-16 
(Answer ten) 

1. Capitalize and punctuate: Mary was 
the daughter of king henrys first wife 
Catherine and was a devout catholic. 

2. Write a sentence containing (a) noun 
clause used as the subject, (b) as the ob- 
ject. 

3. Write a complex sentence containing 
an adverb clause and underscore the clause. 

4. Give the principal parts of blow, lie, 
do, see, show. 

5. Write the possessive singular and the 
possessive plural of these: mother-in-law, 
child, ox, fox, woman. 

v '6. Name five parts of speech and write 
sentences illustrating each. 

7. Name the different degrees of com- 
parison. What parts of speech admit of 
comparison? 

8. The infinitive in the following sen- 
tences is used as what part of speech: 
"To go to school is a privilege." "Mary 
wishes to borrow a pencil." "To save in 
youth is to provide in old age." 

9. Write sentences showing the use of 



(75) 



76 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



lie and lay, see, seen and saw, sit and set, 
may and can, shall and will. 

10. What is a clause? A phrase? 

11. Diagram this sentence and parse 
the words in italic type: Such a pleasant 
cottage it was with a shiny clean stone 
floor, and curious old prints on the walls, 
and brass dishes, and a cuckoo clock in 
the corner which began shouting as soon 
as Tom appeared." 

Lesson IV 

GRAMMAR 

4-13-16 

(Answer ten) 

1. Why do we study grammar? How 
may we derive the most benefit from this 
study? 

2. Name and use in sentences, three 
classes of pronouns, two classes of ad- 
verbs. 

3. What is a clause? Classify clauses 
as to form. Classify as to use. 

4. Write plurals: quail, lady, man, buf- 
falo, wolf, money, sister-in-law, sheep, 
herd, ox. 

5. Diagram the following sentence and 
name the part of speech of each word: 
"They that seek me early shall find me." 

6. Give the feminine form of the follow- 
ing nouns: king, master, lad, lion, Mr. 

7. Write a sentence containing (a) a 
noun clause, (b) an adjective clause, (c) 
an adverb clause. 

8. Write a sentence containing a col- 
lective noun. An abstract noun. A proper 
noun. 

9. Give the principal parts: buy, lose, 
paid, blow, ring. 

10. Capitalize and punctuate: "I found 
the line in lowells vision of sir launfal said 
mary it reads now the heart is so full that 
a drop o'erfills it." 

11. Parse verbs: "He assisted the 
farmers occasionally in the lighter work 
of their farms; helped to make hay; 
mended the fences; took the horses to 
water; drove the cows to pasture and cut 
wood for the winter fire." 



Lesson V 

GRAMMAR 

5-5-16 

(Answer ten) 

1. Diagram: "The two young Cratchits 
crammed spoons into their mouths, lest 
they should shriek for goose before their 
turn came to be helped." 

2. Parse the verbs in the above sen- 
tence. 



3. Name and use in sentences three 
classes of pronouns. 

4. Give the principal parts: work, hear, 
know, play, try. 

5. Classify the words in the following 
sentence as to parts of speech: "Ichabod 
prided himself as much upon his dancing 
as upon his vocal powers." 

6. Write a sentence containing an in- 
finitive phrase. A participial phrase. An 
adjective phrase. 

7. Define simple, complex and compound 
sentences. 

8. Classify sentences as to use. 

9. When is a verb transitive? When 
regular? 

10. Give past tense of each of these 
words: sing, run, help, fly, call, read, 
move, carry, fix, control. 

11. Name and define three classes of 
pronouns. 

Lesson VI 

GRAMMAR 

3-22-17 

(Answer ten) 

1. Write a- letter ordering several ar- 
ticles from a business firm. Speak of 
money enclosed in payment. State how 
goods are to be shipped. 

2. Use correctly in sentences: eaten, 
gone, lie, blown, chose, drunk, knew, laid, 
seen, went. 

3. (a) Write three sentences illustrat- 
ing the different cases of pronouns; (b) 
three illustrating the different cases of 
nouns. Underline word and give case. 

4. (a) Name the modifications of 
nouns; (b) of verbs, (c) What modifica- 
tions are the same? 

5. Diagram: He who receives a good 
turn should never forget it; he who 'does 
one should never remember it. 

6. Define sentence, clause, phrase. 

7. Underline verbs and tell whether 
active or passive voice: 

1. The man was offered a good po- 
sition by his employer. 

2. An old settler guided the soldiers 
• along the field. 

3. The Savior healed the sick, com- 
forted the poor and lowly. 

4. All our fears 'were swept away by 
the cheering news. 

5. Will you lay your book on the 
table? 

8. Illustrate by sentences: present 
tense, past tense, future tense. 

9. Define complex sentence, compound 
sentence. Give an example of each. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 



77 



10. Use in sentences and tell the part 
of speech: fourth, east, or, that, soon. 

11. Write a sentence illustrating the 
use of the comma, the exclamation point, 
.the interrogation point, the semi-colon, the 
colon. 

12. Give five rules for capital letters. 

Lesson VII 

GRAMMAR 
4-19-17 

1. Classify as to form, also as to use. 
Copy sentences: 

1. What was he? 

2. "Words are not dead; they are liv- 

ing things." 

3. "Hurry to school, or you'll rue it." 

4. " 'The very image of the Great 

Stone Face!' shouted the people." 

2. Write sentences using correctly as 
subjects: committee, flock, crowd, con- 
gress, army. 

3. Define a verb and illustrate each 
part of your definition by a sentence. 

4. Classify the parts of speech under 
the following heads: substantives, assert- 
ing elements, modifying elements, connect- 
ing elements, independent elements. How 
is the preposition used? 

5. Use a collective noun in a sentence; 
use a noun as a subject; as an object; as 
nominative of address; nominative abso- 
lute; direct object; adjunct accusative; 
adverbial accusative; accusative with prep- 
osition; indirect object; in apposition; 
genitive of possession, genitive of connec- 
tion. 

6. What is the difference between the 
noun used as nominative, accusative and 
dative or as the genitive? 

7. Illustrate "antecedent" in a sentence. 
What are the demonstrative pronouns? 
What are the relative pronouns? 

8. Compose a sentence containing the 
verb "whistled" used as a transitive verb; 
change it to an intransitive verb in an- 
other sentence. 

9. Diagram on your paper and write 
out the analysis in full for the following 
sentence: You pupils whose lives are 
now so filled with joy, will be the tillers 
of the soil; the men and women of tomor- 
row; the citizens of the future. 

10. (a) Give the author of a poem you 
have learned this year. Name the poem 
and quote two or more stanzas of it. What 
other poems have you studied this year? 
(b) Name the pictures you have studied 
this year. Give the names of the artists 
of these pictures, (c) What picture did 
you like best? Why do you like it best? 



Lesson VIII 

GRAMMAR 
5-10-17 

1. Use the following verbs in sentences 
with both the direct and indirect object: 
(a) bought, (b) showed, (c) found, (d) 
gave, (e) offered. 

2. Write a letter ordering several ar- 
ticles from a store. State whether goods 
are to come by parcel post, express or 
freight, and whether you are sending 
money order, check or draft. 

3. Write a sentence containing a rela- 
tive pronoun; conjunctive pronoun; noun 
in possessive case; noun in nominative 
case by apposition. 

4. Classify sentences as to use; as to 
form. (Illustrate each). 

5. Give principle parts of the following 
verbs: go, pass, ride, sing, run. 

6. Insert correct pronouns: It is not 

it is — . - is going 

to tell 



a story. 

and are going to see 



7. Define "clause," "phrase," and "sen- 
tence." (Illustrate each.) 

8. Write a sentence containing a verb 
in the active voice. Change the sentence 
so as to make the verb passive. 

9. Make a check, draft or money order 
to pay for goods bought in queston No. 2. 
Illustrate in sentences present, past and 
future tense. 

10. Diagram sentence and parse the 
words in italic: 

Washington, the father of his country, 
was one of our greatest statesmen. 



Lesson IX 

GRAMMAR 
4-11-18 

1. Give two good reasons why we should 
study language and grammar. 

2. Name the parts of speech and give 
an example of each. 

3. What is the function of the subject 
of a sentence? Of the predicate? Of the 
object? 

4. What is voice? What does active 
voice show? Passive voice? Write a sen- 
tence having a verb in active voice. One 
having verb in passive voice. 

5. Name the classes of sentences as to 
use. As to form. Illustrate each by giving 
a sentence. 

6. What is a participle? An infinitive? 
Write a sentence containing a participle. 
An infinitive. 

7. Analyze or diagram: 



78 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



.The man who buys Liberty Bonds is 
helping his country to win the war. 

8. Parse words in italic in No. 7. 

9. Give three rules for formation of 
plurals, and give a word to illustrate each 
rule. 

10. Write a ten-line essay on "Thrift." 
Make it practical and up-to-date, to meet 
conditions in the United States today. 

Lesson X 

GRAMMAR 
5-10-18 

1. Give the principal parts of the fol- 
lowing verbs: come, let, give, rode, tell, 
walk, sing, fly, drink, leave. 

2. Write sentences, using the word run 
as a transtive and as an intransitive verb. 
Use the word eat the same way. 

3. Write a sentence in which a clause 
is used as subject. As object. 

4. Define simple, complex and com- 
pound sentences. Give an example of each. 

5. What are the modifications of the 
noun, verb, pronoun? 

6. Give the definition for a regular or 
weak verb, for an irregular or strong verb. 
Give an example of each. 

7. Write a letter to a friend inviting 
him or her to visit you after school is out 

•for vacation. 

8. John studies grammar. Write this 
sentence in the (a) present perfect tense, 
active voice, indicative mode; (b) future 
tense, active voice, indicative mode; (c) 
past tense, active voice, indicative mode; 
(d) future tense, active voice, imperative 
mode. 

9. Give the comparison of the following 
adjectives: good, beautiful, plain, good- 
natured, honest. 

10. Give the rules for the use of shall 
and will. 

Lesson XI 

GRAMMAR 
4-10-19 

1. Define a simple sentence, a complex 
sentence, a compound sentence. Give an 
example of each. 

2. Write a sentence having a clause used 
as the subject. As the object. (Under- 
line the examples given.) 

3. Name the parts of speech and give 
examples of each used in a sentence. 

4. What are the modifications of the 
noun, pronoun, verb? 

5. Define the transitive verb, intransi- 
tive verb. Give an example of each. 



6. Parse the nouns and verbs in the 
following sentence: Washington, who was 
born in Virginia, was our first president. 

7. Give the comparison of the following 
adjectives: honest, narrow, good, large, 
valuable. 

8. Give the rules for the formation of 
plurals and give a word to illustrate each 
rule. 

9. Define infinitive, participle. Give 
an example of each. 

10. Write a letter ordering several ar- 
ticles from a business firm. State amount 
enclosed. Also how goods are to be 
shipped. 

Lesson XII 

GRAMMAR 
5-8-19 

1. Give the principal parts of the fol- 
lowing verbs: see, begin, come, eat, swim, 
drink, choose, arpse. 

2. Give five rules for capital letters. 
Give an example of each. 

3. Write a letter ordering several ar- 
ticles from a business firm. State how 
goods are to be shipped and speak of 
money enclosed in payment. 

4. What is a personal pronoun? A 
relative pronoun? An interrogative pro- 
noun? 

5. Compare the following adjectives: 
many, little, good, bad, much, handsome. 

6. Name the classes of sentences as to 
form; as to use. Illustrate each by giving 
a sentence. 

7. Use the following correctly in sen- 
tences: lie, lay, lain, sit, set, done, did, 
seen. 

8. What is the opposite of quick, brief, 
correct, excellent, hopeful, clean, honest, 
deep, long, wide. 

9. Define each: gender, case, voice, 
mode, tense. 

10. Write a brief review of one selection 
you had in the eighth grade reading, being 
careful in the use of capital, punctuation, 
correct words, spelling, paragraphing, and 
stating your ideas clearly. 

Lesson XIII 

GRAMMAR 
3-25-20 

1. Define: subject, predicate, object. 
Point them out in the following sentences: 
/ This young man had never seen an 

v/ aeroplane. 

Without metal tools he could not cut 
the stone. 

2. Give the principal parts of theso 
verbs: go, see, have, walk, wash. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 



79 



3. What is a clause? Write a sentence 
containing a noun clause, an adjective 
clause. 

4. What is a transitive verb, an intran- 
sitive verb? Illustrate each by a sentence. 

5. Name the part of speech of each 
word in the following: Where we now 
live the Indians roamed in the days of our 
ancestors. 

6. Write the following sentences with 
the correct word In place of the two in 
parentheses: 

Neither of these stories (is, are) very 
interesting. 

T|he garrison with three regiments of 
soldiers (was, were) captured. 

Either you or my sister (has, have) 
done this. 

7. Write sentences containing: 

1. A noun in the nominative case. 

2. A noun in the objective case. 

3. A noun in the possessive case. 

8. Diagram or analyze the following 
sentence: 

"Give to the world the best you have 
and the best will come back to you." 

9. Write the sentences given below 
using I, me, he, him, she, or her in place 
of the blank spaces: 

1. It was he and who went 

(I, me) 
down to the river. 

2. What were you and read- 

Che, him) 
ing? 

3. You said it was that wanted 

(he, him) 

to see me. 

4. I should not do it if I were 

(she, her) 

5. Is John taller than ? 

(I. me) 

10. Parse each word in the following 
sentence: 

The sun shines very brightly. 



Lesson XIV 

GRAMMAR 
5-6-20 

1. Classify sentences according to use 
and form. Illustrate with sentences. 

2. Use these words in sentences cor- 
rectly: come, came, saw, seen, has, have, 
had, go, went, gone. 

3. Give part of speech of each word in 
the following sentence: Lincoln's ability 
to meet an emergency was often tested. 

4. Write out the conjugation of the 
verb go in the present perfect tense. 

5. Give two uses for each of the words 
appearing in italic type: 

The man whom you saw is my father. 



Can you tell where she lives? 
I know whose book that is. 

6. Diagram or analyze the following 
sentence: 

"Whenever he went about the village 
he was followed by a group of children." 

7. Why should one study grammar? 

8. What is a common noun, a proper 
noun? 

9. Define: voice, number, antecedent, 
clause, pronoun. 

10. Write a sentence with each of the 
following: 

a. Noun — plural number, possessive 
case. 

b. Pronoun — personal, singular, first 
person, objective case. 

c. Verb — indicative mood, transitive, 
passive voice. 

Lesson XV 

GRAMMAR 
4-7-21 

1. What is a transitive verb, an intrans- 
itive verb? Illustrate each by a sentence. 

2. What are the modifications of the 
noun, verb? 

3. Write a sentence containing a direct 
quotation, and punctuate correctly. 

4. Diagram, or analyze, the following 
sentence and parse the words in italic 
type: "She came up the lane, with a pail 
in her hand." 

5. Write a simple sentence, a complex 
sentence, a compound sentence. 

6. Compare good, bad, late, polite, 
pretty. 

7. Write the plural of each of the fol- 
lowing nouns: lady, potato, piano, calf, 
loaf, sheep, couple, deer, attorney, ax. 

8. Use the noun pumpkin as follows: 
As the subject of a sentence. 

As the object of a transitive verb in 

a sentence. 

As the object of a preposition in a 
sentence. 

As a possessive in a sentence. 

9. Give the principal parts of the fol- 
lowing verbs: do, come, ring, drink, go. 

10. Classify sentences: (a) with regard 
to use; (b) with regard to form; (c) illus- 
trate each. 

Lesson XVI 

GRAMMAR 

5-5-21 

1. Name the kinds of sentences as to 

use and give an example of each. Name 

the kinds of sentences as to form and 

give an example of each. 



80 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



2. Give the principal parts of the fol- 
lowing verbs: catch, do, know, see, froze, 
give, ride, dream, swim, teach. 

3. Name the tenses of the indicative 
mood. 

4. What is the difference between a 
phrase and a clause? Illustrate. 

5. What is the difference between a 
transitive and intransitive verb? Illus- 
trate. 

6. Write the plural: child, family, knife, 
man, turkey, tax, lady, tooth, mouse, and 
deer. 

7. Use these words in sentences: come, 
came, has, have, do, did, go, went, had, 
and set. 

8. Here are six verbs: lie, lay; sit, set; 
rise, raise. Use these words correctly in 
sentences. 

9. Explain the proper uses of "can" and 
"may." 

Explain the proper uses of "shall" and 
"will." 

10. Give the degrees of comparison of 
the following adjectives: good, bad, high, 
low, beautiful. 



Lesson XVII. 

GRAMMAR 
4-7-22 

1. Why do we study grammar? How 
may we derive the most benefit from this 
study? 

2. Name the sentences as to use and 
give an example of each. 

3. Fill in the blanks with the proper 
word: 

A herd of horses (was, were) seen on 
the desert. 

The regiment (was, were) on parade 
today. 

Little Women (was were) written b; 
Louisa M. Alcott. 

It (doesn't, don't) take much effort to 
do that sum. 

Every one of the boys (play, plays) 
some musical instrument. 

4. Compare good, bad, late, polite, 
pretty. 

5. Form the plural of the following 
words: Shelf, monkey, leaf, mosquito, 
piano, lady, grain, book, box, sword. 

6. Name the parts of speech and give 
an example of each. 



7. What is a transitive verb, an in- 
transitive verb? Illustrate each by a 
sentence. . 

8. Define: Simple, complex, and com- 
pound sentences and illustrate each. 

9. Write a letter ordering several arti- 
cles from a business firm. State amount 
enclosed, also how goods are to be ship- 
ped. 

10. Write a sentence containing: (a) 
a noun clause; (b) an adjective clause; 
(c) an adverb clause. 



Lesson XVIII. 

. GRAMMAR 

5-5-22 

1. What is a phrase? What is a clause? 
Illustrate each in a sentence and draw a 
line under the phrase and two lines under 
the clause. 

2. Diagram or analyze this sentence: 
The feathery flakes of snow fall gently 
upon the dead leaves. 

3. Write the plurals of the following 
nouns: Tooth, church, cupful, lily, fish, 
mosquito, forget-me-not, lunch, attorney, 
oasis. 

4. Compare these adjectives: good, 
rich, large, bad, wonderful. Name the 
three degrees of comparison. 

5. Name the different modifications of 
a noun; of a verb. 

6. Write sentences containing the fol- 
lowing words: come, drank, too, learn, 
seen. 

7. Write sentences using the noun 
"man" in the following ways: (a) Sub- 
ject of a verb, (b) Object of a verb, (c) 
Object of a preposition, (d) In the pos- 
sessive case. 

8. Give the principal parts of the fol- 
lowing verbs: come, see, learn, run, write. 

9. What is a pronoun? -Name two 
kinds. Write the following sentences and 
fill the blanks with the correct form of 
the pronoun: It is (him, he). Who 
went with you and (she, her)? (Us or 
we) boys went skating. With (whom or 
who) did you go? What were John and 
(he, him) doing? 

10. Give part of speech of each word 
in the following sentence: "We saw a 
small boy walk slowly down the street 
and into the house." 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 81 



A: 



urammar /Answers 

GRAMMAR ANSWERS 

Lesson I. 

4-8-15 

1. (a) An adjective is a word used to modify the meaning of a noun or a pronoun. 

(b) An adverb is a word used to modify the meaning of a verb, and adjective, or 
another adverb. 

(c) A verb is a word used to tell or assert something about some person, place, or 
thing. 

2. (a) A transitive verb is a verb that expresses action received by some person or 
thing. 

(b) A regular verb is a verb that forms its past tense and past participle by adding 
"d" or "ed" to the simple form of the verb. 

3. (a) A clause is a part of a sentence having a subject and predicate. 

*b) A noun clause used in the objective case: "He thinks that I am mistaken." 

4. (a) A phrase is a group of related words having neither subject nor predicate, 
(b) An infiinitive phrase: "He appeared to be a gentleman." 

5. (a) A simple sentence is a sentence that contains only one subject and one predi- 
cate, either or both of which may be compound. 

(b) A complex sentence is a sentence that contains a principle clause and one or 
more subordinate or dependent clauses. 

(c) A compound sentence is a sentence that contains two or more principal or inde- 
pendent clauses. 

6. (a) Mary has attended school. 

(b) Mary will attend school. 

(c) Mary attended school. 

(d) There is no future tense in the subjunctive mode. (See Hoenshel's Grammar, 
page 231; Rigdon's English Grammar for the Common Schools, page 116; Baker 
and Thorndike Every Day English, Book II., page 168. 

7. "Roses" is a common noun, neuter gender, third person, plural number, nominative 
case, used as the subject of the sentence. 

"Troops" is a collective noun, neuter gender, third person, singular number, nomin- 
ative case, predicate nominative. 

"Folk" is a common noun, neuter gender, third person, plural number, nominative 
case, predicate nominative. 

"Daisies" is a common noun, neuter gender, third person, plural number, nominative 
case, subject of the verb, "are" understood. 

"Bluebells" is a common noun, neuter gender, second person, plural number, nomin- 
ative case by direct address. Some authors give it the objective case in opposition 
with "you" in the phrase "to you." 

"New England" is a proper noun, neuter gender, third person, singular number, 
objective case, object of the preposition "of". 

"You" is a personal pronoun, "bluebells" the antecedent, neuter gender, second per- 
son, plural number, objective case, object of the preposition "to". 
"I" is a personal pronoun, common gender, first person, singular number, nomin- 
ative case, subject of the verb 'give". 

"My" is a personal pronoun, common gender, first person, singular number, pos- 
sessive case, modifies the noun "praises". 

"Praises" is a common noun, neuter gender, third person, plural number, objective 
case, object of the verb "give". 

8. Man, woman; Mr., Mrs., or Miss.; prince, princess; king, queen; lion, lioness. 

9. The possessive singular and plural of the following are: 

Child's, children's; ox's, oxen's; man's, men's; lady's, ladies'; boy's, boys'. 
10. This is a complex declarative sentence. The subject of the principal clause is the 
pronoun "he". The predicate verb is "lives". The modifier of the subject is the 
adjective clause, who thinks most, feels the noblest, acts the best. 
The clause consists of the relative pronoun "who" as the subject of the compound 
predicate, thinks, feels, acts. The verb "thinks" is modified by the adverb "most"; 
feels by the adverb "noblest"; acts by the adverb "best". The modifier of the predicate 
is the adverb "most". 



82 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

11. "Lives" is a verb, regular (live, lived, lived), intransitive, active voice, indicative 
mode, present tense, third person, singular number, to agree with its subject "he". 
"Thinks" is a verb, irregular (think, thought, thought), intransitive, active voice, 
indicative mode, present tense, third person, singular number, to agree with its 
subject "who". 

"Feels" is a verb, irregular (feel, felt, felt), intransitive, active voice, indicative 
mode, present tense, third person, singular number, to agree with its subject "who". 
"Acts" is a verb, regular (act, acted, acted), intransitive, active voice, indicative 
mode, present tense, third person, singular number, to agree with its subject "who". 

12. (a) Every leaf and every flower looks as fresh as if it were growing in June instead 
of August. 

(b) My brother laid his books on the table and then lay down on the lounge. 



GRAMMAR ANSWERS 

Lesson II. 

5-6-15 

1. This is a simple declarative sentence of which "we" is a pronoun used as the sub- 
ject of a compound predicate, "mounted and continued". The direct object of the 
verb is the noun, "journey", modified by the pronoun "our". Across the trackless 
plain", is an adverbial phrase modifying the verb "continued". "Across" is a prepo- 
sition with "plain" as its object modified by the adjectives "the" and "trackless". 
"With only the north star to guide us", is an adverbial phrase modifying the verb 
"continued". "With" is a preposition with "star to guide us," as its object. "Star" 
is modified by the article "the", and the adjective "north". "To guide", is an infin- 
itive used as the predicate of the noun "star". It is modified by the adverb "only". 
"Us" is a personal pronoun used as the object of the infinitive "to guide". "Having 
saddled our horses", is a participial phrase used as an adjective modifying the pro- 
noun "we". "Having saddled" is a perfect participle with the noun "horses" as its 
object, modified by the pronoun "our". (See Hoenshel's Advanced Grammar, page 
301; also Baker & Thorndike's Every Day English, Book II., pages 158-161-162.) 

2. "Having saddled", is a perfect participle; "our", personal pronoun; "horse", com- 
mon noun; "we", personal pronoun; "mounted", regular verb; "and", conjunction; 
"continued", regular verb; "our", personal pronoun; "journey", common noun; 
"across", preposition; "the", article; "trackless", adjective; "plain", common noun; 
"with", preposition; "only", adverb; "the" article; "north", adjective; "star", 
common noun; "to guide", infinitive; "us", personal pronoun. 

3. "Having saddled", is a participle, perfect, active. It modifies the pronoun "we". 
"Mounted", is a regular verb (mount mounted, mounted), transitive, active voice, 
indicative mode, past tense, first person, plural number, predicate of the subject 
"we". 

"Continued is a regular verb (continue, continued, continued), transitive, active 
voice, indicative mode, past tense, first person, plural number, predicate of the sub- 
ject "we". 

"To guide" is an infinitive, present tense, active voice, from the verb "guide", used 
as the predicate of the noun "star". 

4. "Having saddled our horses" is a participial phrase used as an adjective modifying 
the pronoun "we". 

5. "To guide us" is an infinitive phrase. "Across the trackless plain" is a preposi- 
tional adverbial phrase. 

6. "Horse" is a common noun, common gender, third person, plural number, objective 
case, object of the participle, "having saddled". 

"We" is a personal pronoun, common gender, first person, plural number, nomin- 
ative case, subject of "mounted" and "continued". 

"Our" is a personal pronoun, common gender, first person, plural number, posses- 
sive case, modifies "horses" and "journey". 

"Journey" is a common noun, neuter gender, third person, singular number, ob- 
jective case, direct object of the verb "continued". 

"Plain" is a common noun, neuter gender, third person, singular number, objective 
case, object of the preposition, "across". 

"Star" is a common noun, neuter gender, third person, singular number, objective 
case, subject of the infinitive, "to guide". 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 83 

"Us" is a personal pronoun, common gender, first person, plural number, objective 
case, object of the infinitive, "to guide". 

7. Why lie and dream all day? 
He lay in a stupor. 

He has lain there two hours. 
May I sit by the window? 
Mary, set the table. 
He has done his part well. 
Did you bring the apple? 

8. Mode is a change in the form or use of a verb that shows the manner in which an 
assertion is made. 

The Indicative mode is used to state a fact or ask a question. 

The Subjunctive mode is used to express something as merely thought of and not 

as a fact. 

The Imperative mode is used to express a command or an entreaty. 

9. Three collective nouns are: company, fleet, troop, flocks. 
Three abstract nouns are: gladness, wisdom, idleness. 

LO. (a) A personal pronoun is a pronoun that shows by its form whether it denotes 
the person speaking, the person spoken to, or the person or thing spoken of. 

(b) A relative pronoun is a pronoun that joins to its antecedent a subordinate 
clause of which it is a part. 

(c) An interrogative pronoun is a pronoun that is used in asking a question. 

II. Present tense, sell; past tense, sold; past participle, sold. 
Present tense, make; past tense, made; past participle, made. 
Present tense, cost; past tense, cost; past participle, cost. 
Present tense, find; past tense, found; past participle, found. 
Present tense., write; past tense, wrote; past participle, written. 

.2. Pupil's individual work. 

GRAMMAR ANSWERS 

Lesson III. 

3-9-16 

1. Mary was the daughter of King Henry's first wife, Catherine, and was a devout 
Catholic. 

2. (a) Noun clause used as the subject. Where the violets grow is a secret, 
(b) Noun clause used as the object. I know where the violets grow. 

3. The soldier died where he fell. 

4. Present tense, blow; past tense, blew; past participle, blown. 
Present tense, lie; past tense, lay; past participle, lain. 
Present tense, do; past tense, did; past participle, done. 
Present tense, see; past tense, saw; past participle, seen. 

Present tense, show; past tense, showed; past participle shown or ed. 

5. The singular or plural possessive of the following are: 

Mother-in-law's, mothers-in-law's; child's, children's; ox's, oxen's; fox's, foxes'; 
woman's, women's. 

6. (a) Five parts of speech are: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, and adverb, 
(b) He is here. "He" is a pronoun. 

A good character sows good seed everywhere. Good, adjective; character, noun; 
sows, verb; everywhere, adverb. 

7. (a) The different degrees of comparison are positive, comparative, and superlative, 
(b) The parts of speech to be compared are adjectives and adverbs. 

8. "To go" is used as a noun, the subject. 

"To borrow" is used as a noun, the object of the verb "wishes". 
"To save" is used as a noun, the subject of the verb "is". 
"To provide" is used as a noun, predicate, nominative. 

9. The soldiers lie still in the tall grass. 
Lay the book on the desk. 

I see a ship. 

I have seen him before. 

We saw many wonderful rocks. 



84 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

Sit still for two minutes. 

They set the dish on the table. 

May I leave the room. 

I can do it. 

I shall start tomorrow. 

She will see you at three o'clock. 

10. See Lesson I., questions 3 and 4. 

11. "Such" is an adverb of degree modifying the adjective pleasant. 
"A" is an article modifying the noun "cottage". 

"Pleasant" is a descriptive adjective of the positive degree (pleasant, more pleasant, 
most pleasant), modifying "cottage". 

"Cottage" is a common noun, third person, singular number, neuter gender, nominat- 
ive case, predicate nominative. 

"It" is a personal pronoun, third person, singular number, neuter gender, nomin- 
ative case, subject of the verb "was". 

"Was" is an irregular verb, intransitive, active voice, indicative mode, past tense, 
predicate of the sentence. 

"With" is a preposition introducing the adjective phrase, "with floor, etc.", modifying 
the noun "cottage". 

"Curious" is a descriptive adjective, positive degree (curious, more curious, most 
curious), modifying the noun "prints". 

"Cuckoo" is a descriptive adjective modifying the noun "clock". 

"Shouting" is a present participle used as a noun, the object of the verb "begin". 
"As soon as" is a conjunctive adverb, introducing an adverbial clause, "Tom ap- 
peared", modifying "shouting". 

"Tom" is a proper noun, masculine gender, third person, singular number, nominat- 
ive case, subject of the verb "appeared". 

"Appeared" is a verb, regular, intransitive, active voice, third person, singular num- 
ber, indicative mode, past tense, used as the predicate of the clause, "Tom ap- 
peared". Diagraming left to the individual pupil. 

GRAMMAR ANSWERS 

Lesson IV. 

4-13-16 

1. (a) We study grammar in order to speak and write the English language correctly. 
(b) We may derive the most benefit from this study by drill and continued repeti- 
tion of the correct forms of expression. To acquire an easy, natural and correct 
use of English is possible only through continued practice of oral and written com- 
position. 

2. Who comes here? Interrogative pronoun. 
He saw you and me. Personal pronouns. 

To him toho hath, much shall be given. Relative pronoun. 
A deep stream flows silently. Adverb of manner. 
My friend lives here. Adverb of place. 

3. See Lesson I., question 3 for definition of a clause. 

Clauses as to form are dependent or subordinate, independent or principal. See 

Hoenshel's Grammar, page 84. 

Clauses as to use are noun, adjective, and adverb. 

4. Quail, quails; lady, ladies; man, men; buffalo, buffaloes; wolf, wolves; money, 
moneys; sister-in-law, sisters-in-law; sheep, sheep; herd, herds; ox, oxen. 

5. Diagram left for pupil. 

"They" is a personal pronoun, "that" is a relative pronoun, "seek" is a verb, "me" 
is a personal pronoun, "early" is an adverb, "shall find" is the verb, "me" is a 
personal pronoun. 

6. The feminine of the following are: king, queen; master, mistress; lad, lassie; lion, 
lioness; Mr., Mrs. or Miss. 

7. (a) Noun clause, Where the violets grow is a secret. 

(b) Adjective clause. I know the pl?ce where the violets groic. 

(c) He came while the rain was falling. Adverb clause. 

8. (a) Collective noun, The shepherds watched their flocks by night. 

(b) Abstract noun. Wisdom is better than strength. 

(c) Proper noun. Congress meets in Washington. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 85 

9. Present tense, buy; past tense, bought; past participle, bought. 
Present tense, lose; past tense, lost; past participle, lost. 
Present tense, pay; past tense, paid; past participle, paid. 
Present tense, blow; past tense, blew; past participle, blown. 
Present tense, ring; past tense, rang; past participle, rung. 

LO. "I found the lines in Lowell's 'Vision of Sir Launfal,' " said Mary. "It reads, 'Now 

the heart is so full that a drop o'erfills it.' " 
LI. (a) "Assisted" is a verb, regular (assist, assisted, assisted), transitive, active voice, 

indicative mode, past tense, third person, singular number, to agree with its subject 

"he". Its direct object is "farmers". 

(b) "Helped" is a verb, regular (help, helped, helped), transitive, active voice, in- 
dicative mode, past tense, third person, singular number, to agree with its subject 
"he". Its direct object is " to make hay,". 

(c) "Mended" is a verb; regular (mend, mended, mended), transitive, active voice, 
indicative mode, past tense, singular number, to agree with its subject "he". Its 
direct object is "fences". 

(d) "Took" is a verb, irregular (take, took, taken), transitive, active voice, in- 
dicative mode, past tense, third person, singular number, to agree with its subject 
"he". Its direct object is "horses". 

(e) "Drove" is a verb; irregular (drive, drove, driven), transitive, active voice, in- 
dicative mode, past tense, third person, singular number, to agree with its subject 
"he". Its direct object is "cows". 

(f) "Cut" is a verb; irregular (cut, cut, cut), transitive, active voice, indicative 
mode, past tense, third person, singular number, to agree with its subject "he". Its 
direct object is "wood". 

GRAMMAR ANSWERS 

Lesson V. 

5-5-16 

1. Diagram left for pupil. 

2. (a) "Crammed" is a verb; regular (cram, crammed, crammed), transitive, active 
voice, indicative mode, past tense, third person, plural number, to agree with its 
subject, "Cratchits". Its direct object is "spoons". 

(b) "Should shriek" is a verb; regular (shriek, shrieked, shrieked), intransitive, 
active voice, potential mode, past tense, third person, plural number, to agree with 
its subject, "they". 

(c) "Came" is a verb; irregular (come, came come), intransitive, active voice, 
indicative mode, past tense, third person, singular number, to agree with its subject, 
"turn". 

3. You must be more practical. Personal pronoun. 

What is the name of your sled? Interrogative pronoun. 
The soldier who deserted was shot. Relative pronoun. 

4. Present tense, work; past tense, worked; past participle, worked. 
Present tense, hear; past tense, heard, past participle, heard. 
Present tense, know; past tense, knew; past participle, known. 
Present tense, play; past tense, played; past participle, played. 
Present tense, try; past tense, tried; past participle, tried. 

5. "Ichabod", proper noun; prided, verb; himself, compound personal pronoun; as 
much, adverb of degree; his, personal pronoun; dancing, participle; upon, prepo- 
sition; his, personal pronoun; vocal, adjective; powers, common noun. 

6. (a) Infinitive phrase: To ivalk home is good exercise. 

(b) Participial phrase: The fisherman, mending his nets, sat on the bench. 

(c) Adjective phrase: Men of courage will fight without faltering. 

7. See lesson I., question 5. 

8. Sentences as to use are declarative, imperative, interrogative, and exclamatory. 

9. See Lesson I., question 2. 

10. The past tense of the following verbs is: sing, sang; run, ran; help, helped; fly, 
flew; call, called; read, read; move, moved; carry, carried; fix, fixed; control, 
controlled. 

11. See Lesson II., question 10. 






86 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

GRAMMAR ANSWERS 

Lesson VI. 

3-22-17 
1- Pine Ridge, Nebr., 

December 22, 1917. 
Perry Mason Company, 
Scottsbluff, Nebr. 
Dear Sirs: 

You will find enclosed a post office money order for $1.50 for which please send \ 
me the following groceries by parcel post: 

1 lb. of butter $ .38 

1 pk. of apples for cooking 50 

1 package of Uneeda Wafers' 05 

1 doz. eggs 17 

1 lb. K. & B. coffee 40 



$1.50 
Yours truly, 

DAVID ROBERSON. 

2. Have you eaten the apple? 
They have gone home. 
Lie and rest awhile. 

The wind has Mown all day. 

They chose him captain. 

He knew he was drunk. 

The boy knew the song. 

Slowly and sadly they laid him down. 

Have you seen a waterfall? 

He went home. 

3. (a) / am happy. "I" is nominative case. 
The boy lost his cap. "His" is possessive case. 
I know her. "Her" is objective case. 

(b) Mary has her lesson. "Mary" is nominative case; "lesson" is objective case. 
The girVs hat was torn. "Girl's" is in the possessive case. 

4. (a) The modifications of a noun are person, number, gender, and case. 

(b) Of a verb: voice, mode, tense, person, and number. 

(c) Person and number are the same in the noun and the verb. 

5. Left for pupil. 

6. (a) A sentence is a group of words expressing a complete thought, 
(b) and (c) See Lesson I., questions 3 and 4. 

7. (a) "Was offered", passive voice. 

(b) "Guided", active voice. 

(c) "Healed", comforted", active voice. 

(d) "Were swept", passive voice. 

(e) "Will lay", active voice. 
8 Present tense, I like to read. 

Past tense, He liked good books. 
Future tense, They will enjoy the lecture. 
•9. Definition, see Lesson I., question 5, for definitions. 
Complex sentence: They who work will succeed. 
Compound sentence: The dog barked and the burglar ran away. 

10. I cannot solve the fourth example. Adjective. 
The sun rises in the east. Noun. 

Do you intend to be a lawyer or a doctor? Conjunction. 
That you are wrong is very plain. Relative pronoun. 
I will come home soon. Adverb. 

11. Comma: "It is the English," Kaspar cried. 
Exclamation point: Alas! What will become of me now! 
Interrogation point: Is this the place where Captain Locker stays? 
The semi-colon: Give us work; you will have no cause to regret it. 

Colon: English has three cases: the nominative, the possessive, and the objective. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 87 

12. Five rules for the use of capital letters: 

1. The first word of every sentence. 

2. The first word of a direct quotation. 

3. The first word of a line of poetry. 

4. All names applied to the Deity. 

5. The important words in titles. 

GRAMMAR ANSWERS 

Lesson VII. 

4-9-17 

1. (1) What was he? Simple interrogative sentence. 

(2) Words are not dead; they are living things. Compound declarative sentence. 

(3) Hurry to school or you'll rue it. Compound imperative sentence. 

(4) "The very image of the Great Stone Face! shouted the people." Simple ex- 

clamatory sentence. 

2. The committee will meet at seven. 
A flock of birds was flying north. 

The crowd on the shore beheld these things in anguish. 
Congress meets in Washington. 
The army marched by. 

3. A verb is a word that expresses action, being, or state of being. 
He walked two miles. Action. 

There are lions in Africa. Being. 
My lady sleeps. State of being. 

4. Nouns and pronouns are called substantives. 
Verbs are asserting elements. 

Adjectives and adverbs are modifying elements. 

Conjunctions and conjunctive adverbs are connecting elements. 

Interjections and sometimes nouns are independent elements. 

A preposition is used to show relation between words in sentences. 

5. The audience was very responsive. Collective noun. 

Red Cloud was a noted chief of the Sioux Indians. Noun as subject. 
The hawk caught the fish. Object of the verb. 
Mary, please bring me a drink. Nominative of address. 

The battle having ceased, the troops lay down to rest. Nominative absolute. 
We saw James working in the field. Direct object. 

The class elected Tom president. Adjunct accusative (Called also objective com- 
pliment.) 

I walked three miles. Adverbial accusative. (Called also adverbial object.) 
We met him at the hotel. Accusative with a preposition. (Called also object of a 
preposition.) 

He gave Henry a position. Indirect object. 
Paul, the apostle, went to Rome. Noun in apposition. 

Kate's hat is very becoming. Genetive of possession. (Called also the possessive 
case.) 

We accepted gladly the man's offer. Genitive of connection. 

See Live Language Lessons, by Howard R. Driggs, Third Book, pages 261-263-283- 
285 and 286. 
Also see Hoenshel's Advanced Grammar for a discussion of the above. 

6. A noun used as nominative or in the nominative case is used as the subject of the 
sentence or in apposition with the subject. 

A noun in the accusative case is used as the direct object, object of a preposition, 

or the subject of an infinitive. 

A noun as genitive case is used to denote possession or connection. 

The common form of the noun is used for the nominative, the accusative, and the 

dative cases. 

The genitive case requires the possessive form of the noun. 

The genitive case is commonly called the possessive case. 

See Live Language Lessons, Book III., page 286. 

7. (a) John has his work with him. John is the antecedent of his and him. 

(b) This, that, these, and those are the demonstrative pronouns. 

(c) Who, whom, which, what, and that are the relative pronouns. 



88 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

8. (a) He whistled a tune. Transitive, 
(b) He whistled well. Intransitive. 

9. See Lesson I., No. 10. 
10. Left for pupil. 

GRAMMAR ANSWERS 

Lesson VIII. 

5-10-17 

1. (a) He bought her a doll. "Her", indirect; "doll", direct object. 

(b) John showed them the fish. "Them", indirect; "fish", direct object. 

(c) He found me an apple. "Me", indirect; "apple", direct object. 

(d) The teacher gave the pupil an apple. "Pupil", indirect; "apple", direct object. 

(e) He offered the child money. "Child", indirect; "money", direct object. 

2. • . Aurora, Nebraska. 

May 14, 1922. 
Farmer's Union, 
Dearborn, Nebr. 
Gentlemen: 

Please send me the following items by parcel post and I will remit by check 
upon receipt of bill : 

1 sack of Gold Hill flour 
50 lbs, cain sugar 

Very truly yours, 

JOHN SMITH. 
Or see lesson VI., No. 1. 

3. (a) Blessed is the man who has found his work. Relative pronoun. 

(b) Printing is the most useful art that men possess. Conjunctive pronoun. 

(c) The robin's song is clear and sweet. Noun in the possessive case. 

(d) The savior of France was Joan of Arc, a poor peasant girl. Noun in apposition 
in nominative case. 

4. (a) Sentences as to use: 

Declarative sentence. I hear the horn of the hunter. 

Interrogative sentence. How many states are in our Union? 

Imperative sentence. Honor thy father. 

Exclamatory sentence. How beautiful is night! 

(b) Sentences as to form: 

Simple sentence. Arnold turned traitor. 

Complex sentence. Men work that they may live. 

Compound sentence. God made the country and man made the town. 

5. Present tense, go; past tense, went; past participle, gone. 
Present tense, pass; past tense, passed; past participle, passed. 
Present tense, ride; past tense, rode; past participal, ridden. 
Present tense, sing; past tense, sang; past participle, sung. 
Present tense, run; past tense, ran; past participle, run. 

6. It is not you, it is he. 

She is going to tellme a story. 
He and she are going to see you. 

7. See Lesson VI., question 6, for definition. 
I know where the violets grow. Clause. 

The boughs of the oak tree swayed mournfully. Phrase. 
The distant stars shone mistily. Sentence. 

8. Dewey captured Manila. Active voice. 
Manila was captured by Dewey. Passive voice. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 89 



9. (a) Check. 



No. 13 Omaha, Nebr., May 10, 1917. 

FIRST NATIONAL BANK 



Pay to the Order of Farmer's Union $ 5.60 



Five and 60/100 DOLLARS 



For groceries 



JOHN SMITH. 



(b) 1. John sings in the choir. Present tense. 

2. John sang in the choir. Past tense. 

3. John icill sing in the choir. Future tense. 

10. Diagram left for pupil. 

"Washington" is a proper noun, third person, singular number^ masculine gender, 
nominative case, subject of the verb, "was". 

"His" is a personal pronoun, third person, singular number, masculine gender, pos- 
sessive case, modifying the noun, "country". 

"Was" is an irregular verb. Its principal parts are am or be, was, been. It is an 
intransitive verb, indicative mode, past tense, active voice, third person, singular 
number, to agree with its subject, "Washington". It is completed by the predicate 
noun, "statesman". 

GRAMMAR ANSWERS 

Lesson IX. 

4-11-18 

1. See Lesson IV., question 1. 

2. The parts of speech and examples of each: 

Noun, box; pronoun, he; adjective, tall; verb, run; adverb, slowly; preposition, 
for; conjunction, and; interjection, alas! 

3. The subject of a sentence represents that of which something is* said. 

The predicate of a sentence is the part that tells what is said about the subject. 

A direct object is a word that denotes the receiver or the result of the action of a 

verb. 

4. (a) Voice is the difference in, the form of the verb that shows whether the subject 
acts or is acted upon. 

(b) Active voice is the form of the verb that represents the subject as the doer of 
an act. 

(c) Passive voice is the form of the verb that represents the subject as the receiver 
or the result of an action. 

(d) Active voice. He is building a house. 
Passive voice. A house is being built by him. 

5. See Lesson VIII., question 4. 

6. (a) A participle is a form of the verb that is used partly as a verb and partly as 
an adjective or noun. I hear the bird singing. 

(b) An infinitive is a verbal commonly preceded by the sign "to", and having 
verbal properties. It is used as. a noun, adjective and an adverb. To read good 
books improves one's mind. 

7. Left for the pupil. 

8. "Man" is a common noun, third person, singular number, masculine gender, nom- 
inative case, used as the subject of the verb "is helping". 

"Who" is a relative pronoun, singular number, third person, masculine gender, 
agreeing with its antecedent, "man", and nominative case, the subject of the verb, 
"buys"; it connects the dependent clause, "who buys Liberty Bonds", with the 
principle clause, "the man is helping his country". 

"Liberty Bonds" is a proper noun, third person, plural number, neuter gender, ob- 
jective case, object of the verb "buys". 



90 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



10. 



"His" is a personal pronoun, its antecedent is the noun man, masculine gender, 
third person, singular number. It is used as a modifier, therefore it is in the pos- 
sive case. 

Nouns ending in "y" preceded by a consonant form their plural by changing the 
"y" to "i" and adding "es"; as fly, flies. 

Nouns ending in "y" preceded by a vowel add "s" to form the plural as toy, toys. 
Nouns ending in "f" or "fe" change "f" to 'V and add "es"; as loaf, loaves. 

Left for pupil. 



GRAMMAR ANSWERS 

Lesson X. 

5-10-18 

1. Present tense, come; past tense, came; past participle, come. 
Present tense, let; past tense, let; past participle, let. 
Present tense, give; past tense, gave; past participle, given. 
Present tense, ride; past tense, rode; past participle, ridden. 
Present tense, tell; past tense told, past participle, told. 
Present tense, walk; past tense, walked; past participle, walked. 
Present tense, sing; past tense, sang; past participle, sung. 
Present tense, fly; past tense, flew; past participle, flown. 
Present tense, drink; past tense, drank; past participle, drunk. 
Present tense, leave; past tense, left; past participle, left. 
Hoenshel's Advanced Grammar, page 130, gives the following: 

Present, sing; past, sang or sung; past participle, sung. 
Present, drink; past, drank; past participle, drank or drunk. 

2. Can he run the car? 
They run swiftly. 

Eat an apple every day. 
We will eat at six o'clock. 

3. See LessoiillL, question 2. 

4. See Lesson I., question 5. 

5. See Lesson VI., question 4. 

The modifications of a pronoun are person, number, gender, case. 

6. A regular or weak verb is a verb that forms its past tense and past participle by 
adding "d" or "ed" to the simple form of the verb; as love, loved, loved. 

(b) An irregular or strong verb is a verb that forms its past tense or past participle 
in some other way than by adding "d" or "ed" to the simple form of the verb, as 
see, saw, seen. 

7. Omaha, Nebr., 

April 10th, 1918. 

Miss Mary Miller, 
Lincoln, Nebr. 
Dear Mary: 

If you are free to accept an invitation for the summer vacation, Mother and I 
woutd be very glad to have you with us in a little camping party to the mountains. 
We shall rent a cabin and stay about a month. I know you will enjoy the trip. Be 
ready by June 20th. 

Very cordially yours, 

JULIA SANDRE. 

8. (a) John has studied his grammar. 

(b) John will study his grammar. 

(c) John studied his grammar. 

(d) No future tense in the imperative mode. 
(See Baker & Thorndike Everyday English, Book II, 

9. Positive Comparative 
good better 
beautiful more beautiful 
plain plainer 
good natured better natured 
honest more honest 



, page 145.) 
Superlative 
best 

most beautiful 
plainest 
best natured 
most honest 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 91 

10. To express futurity, use "shall" in the first person, singular and plural, and "will" 
in the second and third. 

To express the idea of willingness, determination, or promise, use "will" in the 
first person, singular and plural, and "shall" in the second and third person. In 
the second and third persons, "shall" often expresses a command. 

GRAMMAR ANSWERS 

Lesson XI. 

4-10-19 

1. See Lesson I., No. 5. 

2. See Lesson III., No. 2. 

3. See Lesson IX., No. 2. 

4. See Lesson X., No. 5. 

5. A transitive verb is a verb that requires a direct object to complete its meaning, 
as "Give thanks to God". 

An intransitive verb is a verb that does not require a direct object to complete its 
meaning, as "The sun is shining bright". 

6. "Washington" is a proper noun, masculine gender, third person, singular number, 
used as the subject of "was", and is therefore, in the nominative case. 
"Virginia" is a proper noun, neuter gender, third person, singular number. It is 
used as the object of the preposition "in", therefore, in the objective case. 
"President" is a common noun, masculine gender, third person, singular number, 
used as an attribute compliment, therefore, in the nominative case to agree with 
"Washington". 

"Was" is an irregular verb whose principal parts are be or am, was, been. Since it 
does not take a direct object, it is an intransitive verb. It is in the indicative mode, 
past tense, active voice, third person, singular number, to agree with its subject, 
"Washington". It is completed by the attribute compliment, "president". 

7. Positive Comparative Superlative 
honest more honest most honest 
narrow narrower narrowest 
good better best 

large larger largest 

valuable more valuable most valuable 

S. See Lesson IX., question 9. 
9. See Lesson IX., No. 6. 
10. Sharon, Nebr., 

July 10, 1915. 
Messers. Snow, Pearce, and Co., 
Cincinnati, Ohio. 
Gentlemen: 

We inclose herewith a check for seven dollars and forty cents ($7.40) for which 
please ship the following order to us by Adams Express: 

Article Quality Net Price 

S 337 clock 6 $4.50 

D 338 Brass Trays 12 2.25 

D 359 Ash Receivers 10 .65 



Yours very truly, 

WILLIAM S. GREEN, 



$7.40 

SEN, 
Manager. 



92 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



10. 



GRAMMAR ANSWERS 

Lesson XII. 

5-8-19 



1. 


Present tense Past tense 




see 


saw 




begin 


began 




come 


came 




eat 


ate 




swim 


swam 




drink 


drank 




choose 


chose 




arise 


arose 




See Hoenshel's Advanced Grammar, page 130. 


2. 


See Lesson 


VI., No. 12. 


3. 


See Lesson 


XL, No. 10. 


4. 


See Lesson 


II., No. 10. 


5. 


Positive 


Comparative 




many 


more 




little 


less 




good 


better 




bad 


worse 




much 


more 




handsome 


more handsome 


6. 


See Lesson 


VIII., No. 4. 


7. 


See Lesson 


III., No. 9, for lie, lay, sit, set, seen 




He has lain 


there many times. 




He has done the work well. 




They did the work yesterday. 


8. 


The opposites of the following are: quick, slo 



Past Participles 
seen 
begun 
come 
eaten 
swum 

drank or drunk 
chosen 
arisen 



Superlative 
most 
least 
best 
worst 
most 
most handsome 



quick, slow; brief, lengthy; correct, wrong; 
excellent, poor; hopeful, hopeless; clean, dirty; honest, dishonest; deep, shallow; 
long, short; wide, narrow. ' 

(a) "Gender" is a change in the form or use of a noun or pronoun to denote sex. 

(b) "Case" is the change in the form or use of a noun or pronoun to denote its re- 
lation to some other word or words in the sentence. 

(c) "Voice" is a change in the form of a transitive verb that shows whether the 
subject is the doer or the receiver of an action. (Hoenshel). Also see Lesson IX., 
No. 4. 

(d) "Mode" is a change in the form or use of a verb that shows the manner in 
which an assertion is made. 

(e) "Tense" is a change in the form of a verb to show the time of the action. 
Ring Out, Wild Bells. — By Alfred Tennyson. 

These verses are from the Canto CVI. of "In Memoriam," a poem written by Ten- 
nyson to commemorate the death of his friend, Arthur Hallam. "In Memoriam" 
tells how year by year the poet's grief became softened as he gradually saw that 
God was directing all things and knew best. At the end of the second year after 
Hallam's death, he hears the New Year's bell ringing in the night, and he feels that 
he must look forward rather than backward into the past. So this ringing of the 
bells seems to bring new life and hope, He wants them to ring out all that is sad 
and harmful and wrong, and to ring in a happier and better time. 



GRAMMAR ANSWERS 

Lesson XIII. 

3-25-20 

(a) See Lesson IX., No. 3. 

(b) This young man had never seen an aeroplane, 
predicate; "aeroplane", object. 

(c) Without metal tools he could not cut the stone 
predicate; "stone", object. 

Present tense, go; past tense, went; past participle, gone. 
Present tense, see; past tense, saw; past participle, seen. 
Present tense, have; past tense, had; past participle, had. 



"Man", subject; 
"He", subject; 



"had seen", 
"could cut", 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 93 

Present tense, walk; past tense, walked; past participle, walked. 
Present tense, wash; past tense, washed; past participle, washed. 

3. See Lesson I., No. 3; £nd Lesson IV., No. 7. 

4. See Lesson XL, No. 5. 

5. "Where", conjunctive adverb; "we", pronoun; "now", adverb; "live", verb; "the", 
article; "Indians", proper noun; roamed", verb; "in", preposition; "the", article; 
"days", noun; "of", preposition; "our", pronoun; "ancestors", noun. 

6. (a) Neither of these stories is very interesting. 

(b) The garrison with three regiments of soldiers was captured. 

(c) Either you or my sister has done this. See Hoenshel's Advanced Grammar, 
page 241. 

7. See Lesson VII., No. 5. 

8. See Lesson II., No. 1. 

9. (1) It was he and I who went down the river. 

(2) What were you and he reading? 

(3) You said it was he that wanted to see me. 

(4) I should not do it if I were she. 

(5) Is John taller than If 

10. "The" is a definite article. 

"Sun" is a common noun, neuter gender, third person, singular number. It is used 
as the subject of shines, therefore, in the nominative case. 

"Shines" is an irregular verb, whose principle parts are shine, shone, shone, in- 
transitive, active voice, indicative mode, present tense, third person, singular num- 
ber, to agree with its subject, "sun". 

"Very" is an adverb of degree. It is a simple adverb and it modifies the adverb, 
"brightly". 

"Brightly is an adverb of manner. It is a simple adverb in the positive degree, 
and it modifies the verb, "shines". 

GRAMMAR ANSWERS 

Lesson XIV. 

5-6-20 

1. See Lesson VIII., No. 4. 

2. May I come in? 

He came at three o'clock. 

They saw the President. 

He has seen much suffering. 

She has her lesson 

Have you an apple? 

He had six cents. 

They go to school every day. 

He icent to town. 

They have gone to the city. 

3. "Lincoln's" is a proper noun, "ability"; noun; "to meet", infinitive; "an", article; 
"emergency", common noun; "was tested", verb; "often", adverb. 

4. Present perfect tense: 

Singular Plural 

1. I have gone. 1. We have gone. 

2. You have gone. 2. You have gone. 

3. He has gone. 3. They have gone. 

5. (a) "Whom" is a relative pronoun in the objective case, the object of the verb, "saw". 

and also introduces the adjective clause, "you saw". 

(b) "Where" is used as a conjunctive adverb, used as an adverb and connecting 
the dependent and independent clauses. 

(c) "Whose" is in the possessive case modifying book, also a relative pronoun intro- 
ducing the noun clause to which it belongs, "whose book that is". 

6. Left for the pupil. 

7. See Lesson IV., No. 1. 

8. A common noun is a word used as the name of any one of a class of persons, places 
or things. 



94 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

A proper noun is a word used as the name of a particular person, place or thing. 
9. (a) Voice. See Lesson XII, No. 9. 

(b) Number is a change in the form or use of a noun Or pronoun to denote one or 
more than one. 

(c) The antecedent of a pronoun is the word for which the pronoun stands. 

(d) Clause. See Lesson I., No. 3. 

(e) Pronoun. See Lesson II., No. 10. 

10. (a) The boys' caps are lost. 

(b) Can you hear me? 

(c) The cows were driven by the boys. 

GRAMMAR ANSWERS 

Lesson XV. 

4-7-21 

1. See Lesson XL, No. 5. 

2. See Lesson VI., No. 4. 

3. Abraham Lincoln said, "The Lord must have liked the common people, or he would 
not have made so many of them." 

4. See Lesson II., No. 1, for form of analysis . 

5. Simple sentence: The North wind blows. 
Complex sentence: Make hay while the sun shines. 
Compound sentence: The night is dark and I am far from home. 

6. Good, bad. See Lesson XII., No. 5. 

Positive Comparative Superlative 

late later latest 

polite more polite most polite 

pretty prettier prettiest 

7. The plural for the following nouns are: Lady, ladies; potato, potatoes; piano, 
pianos; calf, calves; loaf, loaves; sheep, sheep; couple, couples; deer, deer; at- 
torney, attorneys; ax, axes. 

8. (a) The pumpkin is yellow. Subject. 

(b) He bought a pumpkin. Object. 

(c) He cut holes in the pumpkin. Object of the preposition. 

(d) The pumpkin's color is yellow. Possessive case. 

9. Present tense, do; past tense, did; past participle, done. 
Present tense, come; past tense, came; past participle, come. 
Present tense, ring; past tense, rang; past participle, rung. 
Present tense, drink; past tense, drank; past participle, drunk. 
Present tense, go; past tense, went; past participle, gone. 

(See Hoenshel's Advanced Grammar, page 130, for a difference in the verbs "ring," 
and "drink". 

10. See Lesson VIII., No. 4. 

GRAMMAR ANSWERS 

Lesson XVI. 

5-5-21 

1. See Lesson VIII., No.. 4. 

2. Present tense, catch; past tense, caught; past participle, caught. 
Present tense, do; past tense, did; past participle, done. 
Present tense, know; past tense, knew; past participle, known. 
Present tense, see; past tense, saw; past participle, seen. 
Present tense, freeze; past tense, froze; past participle, frozen. 
Present tense, give; past tense, gave; past participle, given. 
Present tense, ride; past tense, rode; past participle, ridden. 

Present tense, dream; past tense, dreamt or dreamed; past participle, dreamt or 

dreamed. 

Present tense, swim; past tense, swam; past participle, swum. 

Present tense, teach; past tense, taught; past participle, taught. 

3. The tenses of the indicative mode are: present tense, past tense, future tense, 
present perfect tense, past perfect tense, future perfect tense. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 



95 



4. See Lesson I., Nos. 3 and 4. 

5. See Lesson XL, No. 5. 

6. Child, children; family, families; knife, knives; man, men; turkey, turkeys; 
tax, taxes; lady, ladies; tooth, teeth; mouse, mice; deer, deer. 

7. See Lesson XIV., No. 2, and Lesson XII., No. 7. 

8. Hush, my dear, lie awhile and slumber. 
The snow lay on the ground. 

Sit here quietly and rest. 
Shall I set the sail? 
Rise and follow me. 
May I raise the window? 

9. (a) "May" expresses permission or possibility. 
VCan" expresses ability or power. 

(b) See Lesson X., No. 10. 
10. See Lesson XV., No. 6, for good and bad. Lesson X., No. 9, for beautiful. 
Positive, high; comparative, higher; superlative, highest. 
Positive, low; comparative, lower; superlative, lowest. 



GRAMMAR ANSWERS 

Lesson XVII. 

4-7-22 

1. See Lesson IV., No. 1. 

2. See Lesson IX., No. 5. 

3. (a) A herd of horses was seen on the desert. 

(b) The regiment was on parade today. 

(c) Little Women was written by Louisa M. Alcott. 

(d) It doesn't take much effort to do that sum. 

(e) Every one of the boys plays some musical instrument. 

4. Positive 
good 
bad 
late 
polite 
pretty 

5. Singular 
shelf 
monkey 
leaf 

mosquito 
piano 
lady 
grain 
book 
box 
sword 

6. See Lesson IX., No. 2. 

7. See Lesson XL, No. 5. 

8. (a) See Lesson I., No. 5, and Lesson XV., No. 5. 

(b) Congress passed a bill, and the President signed it. Compound. 
I envy no man who knows more than I. Complex. 
The man is here. Simple. 

9. See Lesson XL, No. 10. 
10. See Lesson IV., No. 7. 



Comparative 


Superlative 


better 




best 


worse 




worst 


later 




latest 


more polite 




most polite 


prettier 


Plural 
shelves 
monkeys 
leaves 
mosquitoes 
pianos 
ladies 
grain 
books 
boxes 
swords 


prettiest 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



5. 
6. 



7. 



GRAMMAR ANSWERS 

Lesson XVIII. 

5-5-22 
See Lesson I., N'os. 3 and 4; Lesson III., No. 10; Lesson IV., No. 3. 

Diagram or analyze the following sentence : The feathery flakes of snow fall gently 

upon the dead leaves. 

Analysis: This is a simple declarative sentence of which "The feathery flakes of 

snow" is the complete subject. "Fall gently upon the dead leaves", is the complete 

predicate. 

"Flakes" is the simple subject, modified by the adjectives "the" and "feathery," and 

by the adjective phrase, "of snow", of which "of" is a preposition and "snow" is the 

object. 

"Fall" is the simple predicate modified by the adverb "gently" and the adverbial 

phrase, "upon the dead leaves", of which "upon" is a preposition, "leaves" is" the 

object, modified by the adjectives, "the" and "dead". 

Singular Plural 

tooth teeth 

church churches 

cupful cupfuls 

lily lillies 

fish fishes 

mosquito mosquitoes 

for-get-me-not for-get-me-nots 

lunch lunches 

attorney attorneys 

oasis oases 



Positive 
good 
rich 
large 
bad 
wonderful 



Comparative 
better 
richer 
larger 
worse 
more wonderful 



Superlative 
best 
richest 
largest 
worst 
most wonderful 



Positive, comparative and superlative. 



The three degrees of comparison are: 
See Lesson VI., No. 4. 

Come with me. 

He drank the poison. 

She came too soon. 

John did not learn his lesson. 

I have seen him before. 

(a) The man works faithfully. 

(b) He called the man to him. 

(c) The little child ran to the man. 

(d) This is the man's cap. 

Present tense, come; past tense, came; past participle, come. 
Present tense, see; past tens.e, saw; past participal, seen. 
Present tense, learn; past tense, learned; past participle, learned. 
Present tense, run; past tense, ran; past participle, run. 
Present tense, write; past tense, wrote; past participle, written. 

(a) See Lesson II., No. 10. 

(b) It is he. 

Who went with you and her? 
We boys went skating. 
With whom did you go? 
What were John and he doing? 

"We"is a personal pronoun; "saw" is a verb; "A" is an article; "small" is an 
adjective; "boy" is a common noun; "walk" is a verb; "slowly" is an adverb; 
"down" is a preposition; "the" is an adjective; "street" is a common noun; "and" 
is a conjunction; "into" is a preposition; "the" is an adjective; "house" is a com- 
mon noun. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 



97 



English Composition Questions 



Lesson I 

ENGLISH COMPOSITION 
3-26-20 

1. Write a short description of an in- 
teresting place you have seen. 

2. Relate briefly an incident that has 
come within your own experience. 

3. Fill the blank spaces with who, 
whose, or whom. 

1. The boy studies will learn. 

2. The girl book was lost is 

here. 

3. Jack is a young man can be 

trusted. 

4. Jack is a young man I can 

trust. 

5. The man we saw yesterday 

is waiting in the hall. 

4. Properly capitalize and punctuate the 
following: 

i found these lines in longfellows evan- 
geline said Mary it reads silently one by 
one in the infinite meadows of heaven 
blossomed the silent stars the forgetme- 
nots of the angels. 

5. Imagine that school is out. Write 
a letter to your teacher. Be careful that 
you do not sign your name to the letter. 
Just sign it "Name." 

Lesson II 

ENGLISH COMPOSITION 
5-7-20 

1. Briefly tell an imaginary story hav- 
ing the following beginning: 

As I was walking through the fields 
one morning I saw a few feet from the 
path 

2. Write a letter to a seed house order- 
ing garden seeds. 

3. Write the plurals for the following 
words: lady, man, potato, wolf, money, 
brother-in-law, herd, ox, sheep, quail. 

4. Briefly describe a meeting you have 
attended. 

5. Of what value to you is the work in 
English Composition? 

Lesson III 

ENGLISH COMPOSITION 
4-7-21 

1. Write a letter to Messrs. Brandin and 
Company, Chicago, Illinois, ordering six 
pairs of shoes and eight pairs of rubber 
boots, and write the word, "Signature," 
instead of signing your name to the letter. 



2. Write five lines of poetry you have 
committed from some author you have 
studied. Use care in punctuation and capi- 
talization. 

3. Use correctly in sentences the fol- 
lowing words: done, seen, wrote, written, 
came. 

4. Explain three uses of the dictionary. 

5. Give the principal parts of the fol- 
lowing verbs: eat, take, fly, teach, learn. 

6. Give three rules for the use of cap- 
ital letters. 

7. Address an envelope properly to State 
Superintendent John M. Matzen, Lincoln, 
Nebraska, and show where the stamp 
should be placed on the envelope. 

8. Fill in the blank spaces with who, 
whose or whom: 

(a) The boy studies will learn. 

(b) The girl book was lost is 

here. 

(c) Jack is a young man can 

be trusted. 

(d) Jack is a young man I can 

trust. 

(e) The man we saw yester- 
day is waiting in the hall. 

9-10. Tell an original or imaginary 
story. (90 to 120 words.) 

Lesson IV 

ENGLISH COMPOSITION 
5-5-21 

1. Draw an envelope and address it cor- 
rectly to Mrs. James E. Johnson who lives 
at 3892 Pierce street, Baltimore, Maryland. 
Outline stamp. 

2. Use the following words correctly: 
were, say, gone, buy, catch. 

3. Of what value to one is English Com- 
position? 

4. Briefly tell an imaginary story. 
Punctuate it properly. 

5. Write the singular possessive and the 
plural possessive of man, sheep, country, 
child, city. 

6. Give three rules for the use of the 
period; two for the use of the comma. 

7. Write a letter to the superintendent 
of the high school you wish to attend, tell- 
ing him that you expect to enter next fall, 
asking when school will begin and what 
subjects will be offered in the ninth grade. 
Give him your age and home address. Sign 
"signature." 

8. Select the correct pronouns for each 
of the following sentences: 



98 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



1. You and (he, him) may go. 

2. It was he and (I, me) who went. 

3. I should go with you and (he, 

him). 

4. This is (I, me). 

5. Are you laughing at him and (I, 

me)? 

9. Arrange, punctuate and capitalize 
the following: 

brokenbow nebraska may 5 1921 dear 
friend i shall be very glad to have you 
visit our school friday May 5 1921 yours 
truly 

10. Write a business letter to Messrs. 
Ellis and Wade, at Chicago, ordering the 
following articles of merchandise: 

Two pairs of men's shoes, sizes seven 
and eight, one lady's spring hat number 
567A89, 10 yards silk number 55234. Tell 
them that you are inclosing the money 
to pay for the goods. 



Lesson V. 

ENGLISH COMPOSITION 
4-6-22 

1. Fill blanks with who, whose or 
whom: 

The man you saw is Mr. Jones. 

The girl book was lost is here. 

Fred is a young man can be 

trusted. 



Fred is a young man 



I can trust. 

- did you see yesterday? 

2. Write three rules for use of cap- 
itals. Two for use of the period. 

3. Write the plural of the following 
words: baby, man, money, brother-in-law, 
herd, ox, sheep, wolf, goose, mouse. 

4. Write a memory gem and give the 
author. 

5. Distinguish between prose and 
poetry. Name an example of each. 

6. Use each of the following words in 
sentences correctly: was, were, is, are, 
has, have, see, saw, go, went. 

7. Write a short description of some 
picnic, fishing trip, hunting trip, or a hike 
you have taken. 

8. Use each of the following words in 



a good sentence: skillful, enormous, per- 
manent, enthusiasm, knowledge. 

9. Order from one of your home mer- 
chants a pair of gloves, a hat and a pair 
of shoes. Sign your name as Mary Smith 
or John Jones. 

10. What is the difference in meaning 
between may and can, teach and learn? 
Use each word in a good sentence. 



Lesson VI. 

ENGLISH COMPOSITION 

5-4-22 

1. Give three rules for the use of cap- 
itals. Illustrate. 

2. Use the following words correctly in 
sentences: lie, gone, sit, were, seen. 

3. Write a quotation of at least five 
lines. Use care in punctuation and cap- 
italization. 

4. Give the principal parts of the fol- 
lowing verbs: sing, teach, go, rise, catch. 

5. Fill the blank spaces with either 
who, whose, or whom: 

a. The girl studies will succeed. 

b. The farmer — horse was lost went 

to town. 

c. John is a boy 

mires. 

d. The lady 



every one ad- 



we called upon today 



is sick. 
— did you see yesterday? 



e. 

6. Arrange, punctuate and capitalize 
the following: lincoln, nebr June 10 1921 
dear friend i shall be in lincoln for a few 
days and would be glad to have you join 
me there are many things of interest to 
be seen here such as the capitol the uni- 
versity and the state farm — yours truly. 

7. Give two rules for the use of cap- 
itals, two for the use of the comma, and 
one for the use of the period. 

8. Draw an envelope and address it 
correctly to your county superintendent 
of schools. Outline the stamp. 

9. Give three uses of the dictionary. 

10. Tell an original or imaginary story 
of about 100 words. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 99 

English Composition Answers 

ENGLISH COMPOSITION ANSWERS 

Lesson I. 

3-26-20 

1. Left for pupil. 

2. Left for pupil. 

3. (a) The boy who studies will learn. 

(b) The girl whose book was lost is here. 

(c) Jack is a young man who can be trusted. 

(d) Jack is a young man whom I can trust. 

(e) The man whom we saw yesterday is waiting in the hall. 

4. "I found these lines in Longfellow's Evangeline," said Mary. "It reads, 
'Silently one by one, in the infinite meadows of heaven, 

Blossomed the lovely stars, the forget-me-nots of the angels.' " 

5. Rome City, Nev., 

April 15, 1922. 
Dear Miss Smith: 

You will wonder why you haven't heard from me in regard to launching our 
boat next week. It looks as if I shouldn't be able to go near the boat for three 
weeks. 

Your pupil met with a painful accident in the store last Monday night. He fell 
from a high ladder while placing stock and sprained his ankle very badly. He has 
been a poor patient ever since. With his foot in a plaster cast and literally laid on 
the shelf, he can admire his numerous school pennants and count the flowers in 
the wall paper all day long. 

It's hard luck, isn't it; but I guess that we must grin and bear it. 

Your loving pupil, 

HAROLD COOK. 

ENGLISH COMPOSITION ANSWERS 

Lesson II. 

5-7-20 

1. Left for pupil. 

2. 104 South Maple St., 

Grant, Iowa, 

March 2, 1922. 
The A. L. Burnham Co., 
Amesbury, Iowa. 
Dear Sirs: 

Please send me by parcel post the following articles, listed in your catalog No. 
31, for which I inclose a postoffice money order for $.55 

Seeds 

Asters— Hohenzollern 2389 $.10 

Asters— Cartson 2349 .10 

Asters— Improved 2193 .25 

Migonette 3303 .05 

Nasturtiums Mixed 3365 .05 



$.55 
Very truly yours, 

(Miss) JANE WADE. 

3. Lady, ladies; man, men; potato, potatoes; wolf, wolves; money, moneys; brother- 
in-law, brothers-in-law; herd, herds; ox, oxen; sheep, sheep; quail, quails. 

4. The Society for the Study of English met in the English Room at four o'clock, 
Wednesday, November 5, 1922. Ivan Smith was appointed temporary chairman, by 
the teacher. On motion of Lee Rein, it was voted to elect officers. Joe Miller and 
Ruth Rodgers were nominated for the office of president. Frank Brown and Faye 
Auldt were appointed tellers. The ballot stood: 

Joe Miller 20 

Ruth Rodgers 18 



100 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



1. 



6. 



Joe Miller was declared elected and was escorted to the chair. After the meet- 
ing was closed, a social hour was enjoyed by the class. 

English Composition is studied for two reasons: First, to be able to speak and 
write the English language correctly. This may be done by much work both in 
oral and written composition. Second, It teaches the art of arranging and express- 
ing one's thoughts with propriety and good taste, so that they may be understood 
without undue effort, and may produce the intended effect upon the mind of the 
hearer or reader. 

ENGLISH COMPOSITION ANSWERS 

Lesson III. 

4-7-21 

Lane, Nebraska, 
June 1, 1922. 
Messrs. Brandin and Company, 
Chicago, Illinois. 
Gentlemen: 

Please send by parcel post the following articles, for which I inclose a post- 
office money order for $72.00. 

6 pair of shoes @ $4.00 per pair. . .". $24.00 

8 pair of rubber boots @ $6.00 per pair 48.00 



$72.00 
Very truly yours, 

JOHN HOWE. 
Left for pupil. 

Let all things be done well. 
Have you seen the ocean? 
He wrote the letter. 
She has written a letter. 
They came at nine o'clock. 

Three uses of the dictionary are: To pronounce the word, spell the -word, and give 
the correct meaning of the word. 

Present tense, eat; past tense, ate; past participle, eaten. 
Present tenses, take; past tense, took; past participle, taken. 
Present tense, fly; past tense, flew; past participle, flown. 
Present tense, teach; past tense, taught; past participle, taught. 
Present tense, learn; past tense, learned; past participle, learned. 

Three rules for the use of capital letters are: 

1. The first word of every sentence. 

2. The first word of a direct quotation. 

3. The first word of a line of poetry. 



After 5 Days Return to 

SUSIE MOONEY 

Omaha, Nebr. 




Supt. John Matzen, 

Lincoln, 

Nebraska. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 101 



S. See Lesson I., question 3. 
9. Left for pupil. 
10. Left for pupil. 



1. 



ENGLISH COMPOSITION ANSWERS 

Lesson IV. 

5-5-21 



Return after 5 Days to 

MRS. J. SMITH, 

Lincoln, Nebr. 




Mrs. James E. Johnson, 
3892 Pierce Street, 
Baltimore, Maryland. 



2. They were in the third grade. 
What did she say? 

They have gone home. 
I will buy you a doll. 
How many fish did you catch? 

3. See Lesson II., question 5. 

4. Left for pupil. 

5. Man's, men's; sheep's, sheep's; country's, countries'; child's, children's; city's, 
cities'. 

6. The period is used after declarative and imperative sentences, after abbreviations 
and initials. 

Two uses of the comma are: 

1. To separate words, phrases, and clauses in a series. 

2. After a term of address. 

77 Greengable, Mo., 

August 10, 1921. 
Supt. John Stone, 
Aldine, Mo. 
Dear Sir: 

I am planning on attending high school in Aldine the coming year. Please in- 
form me as to the subjects offered in the ninth grade. 
I am 14 years old. My home is in Greengable, Mo. 

Very truly yours, 

GRACE CAIN. 

8. 2. You and he may go. 

2. It was he and / who went. 

3. I should go with you and him. 

4. This is I. 

5. Are you laughing at him and me? 



102 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

9. Broken Bow, Nebr., 

May 5, 1921. 
Dear Friend: 

I shall be very glad to have you visit our school, Friday, May 5, 1921. 

Very truly yours, 

10. Bakersfield, Nebr., 

April 9, 1921. 
Messrs. Ellis and Wade, 
Chicago, Illinois. 
Gentlemen : 

We inclose herewith a check for twenty -five dollars ($25.00) for which please 
ship the following order to us; by Adams Express. 

2 pairs of men's shoes, sizes 7 and 8 @ $4.00 per pair. .$ 8.00 

1 lady's spring hat, No. 567A89 @ $7.00 7.00 

10 yards of silk, No. 55234 @ $1.00 per yd 10.00 



$25.00 
Very truly yours, 

JOHNSON AND SON. 



ENGLISH COMPOSITION ANSWERS 

Lesson V. 

4-6-22 

1. The man whom you saw is Mr. Jones. 
The girl whose book was lost is here. 
Fred is a young man who can be trusted. 
Fred is a young man whom I can trust. 
Whom did you see yesterday? 

2. (a) See Lesson III., No. 6. 
(b) See Lesson IV., No. 6. 

3. See Lesson II., No. 3. Baby, babies; goose, geese; mouse, mice. 

4. "For he who always does his best, 

His best will better grow, 
But he who shrinks or slights his task, 
He lets the better go." — By Phoebe Carey. 

5. Poetry is metrical composition. As, "Snowbound." 

Prose is writing not cast in poetical measure or rhyme. As, "The Great Stone Face." 

6. The child was in the house. 
Were you frightened? 

The baby is happy. 

Where are the boys? 

John has a sled. 

The girls have new dolls. 

See the fire. 

I saw him yesterday. 

May I go home? 

They went fishing. 

7. Left for pupil. 

8. She is a skillful teacher. 

The hail did an enormous damage to the crop. 

The children's enthusiasm in school work was noticed by the parents. 

I have no knowledge of where the violets grow. 

9. Cedar, Nebraska, 

April 6, 1922. 
Mr. John Brown, 
Cedar, Nebraska. 
Dear Sir : 

Inclosed please find money order for twelve dollars ($12.00) for which send 
the following articles by parcel post: 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 103 



1 pair gloves, size 6, black $ 2.00 

1 hat, No. 237A6 6.00 

1 pair shoes, No. 89A7, size 3, black 4.00 



$12.00 
Very truly yours, 

MARY SMITH. 
10. May indicates the idea of permission or possibility; as, May I go to the party? 
Can denotes ability or power; as, Can you play tennis? 
To teach is to give instruction; as, Mary will teach school. 
To learn is to receive instruction; as, John learns his letters. 

ENGLISH COMPOSITION ANSWERS 

Lesson VI. 

5-4-22 

1. See Lesson III., No. 6. 

2. Lie and rest awhile. 
He has gone home. 
May I sit here? 
You were late today. 

I have seen the mountains. 

3. Left for pupil. 

4. Present tense, sing; past tense, sang; past participle, sung. 
Present tense, teach; past tense, taught; past participle ,taught. 
Present tense, go; past tense, went; past participle, gone. 
Present tense, rise; past tense, rose; past participle, risen. 
Present tense, catch; past tense, caught; past participle, caught. 

5. (a) The girl who studies will succeed. 

(b) The farmer ivhose horse was lose went to town. 

(c) John is a boy whom everyone admires. 

(d) The lady whom we called upon today is sick. 

(e) Whom did you see yesterday? 

6. Lincoln, Nebr., 

June 10, 1921. 
Dear Friend: 

I shall be in Lincoln for a few days and would be glad to have you join me. 
There are many things of interest to be seen here; such as, the Capital, the Uni- 
versity, and the State Farm. 

Yours truly, 

7. See Lesson III., No. 6, and Lesson VI., No. 1, for capitals. 
See Lesson IV., No. 6. 

8. Left for pupil. 

9. See Lesson III., No. 4. 
10. Left for pupil. 



Bookkeeping Questions 



Lesson I 

BOOKKEEPING 

3-26-20 

1. What is bookkeeping? Why should 
a person know how to keep books? 

2. What is a note, a check, a draft, a 
money order, a receipt? 

3. George W. Cummings orders 12 
Breasted Maps of the United States from 
the University Society of Chicago at $10 
each. Write the letter ordering the maps. 

4. Write the bill for the maps sent 
Mr. Cummings. 

5. Write the check of Mr. Cummings in 
payment of the bill. The check is on the 
Farmers State Bank. 



Lesson II 

BOOKKEEPING 
5-7-20 

1. Make an inventorr of the following 
articles found in the desk of a pupil: 

1 Reader 85 cents, 1 Arithmetic 90 
cents, 1 Speller 35 cents, 1 Gram- 
mar 65 cents, 1 Physiology 75 
cents, 1 Geography $1.20, 1 compass 
35 cents, 2 note books each 20 
cents, 1 ruler 10 cents, and 1 Pro- 
tractor 15 cents. 

2. Horace Billings borrows $250 of 
Samuel Kent. He is to have the money for 
90 days and is to pay 8% interest. Write 
the note. 

3. John Lawson has money deposited in 
the Farmers' State Bank of Pawnee City. 
He owes Sawyer, Barclay & Co of the 
same place an account amounting to 62 
dollars. He pays the amount by check. 
Write the check. 

4. Write the receipt for the account 
given in the third question. 

5. WhiGh is the best way to send money 
through the mails; by check, draft, money 
order, or currency? Why? 



Lesson III 

BOOKKEEPING 

4-8-21 

1. You purchased a bill of goods from 
C. F. Williams and Company amounting to 
$25.40. You paid for the goods by check. 
Write the check. 

2. Mr. R. E. James owed you $40.50. 
He paid you today. Write a receipt for 
him. 



3. Why is a knowledge of bookkeeping 
valuable? 

4. Define or draw a note. Check. Re- 
ceipt. 

5. James Smith borrows $10,000 from 
Charles Brown for two years at 6%. Write 
the note. 

6. How is a check, draft, or a note 
endorsed? 

7. Of what advantage is it to a person 
to be able to write a good business letter? 

8. Write a business letter. 

9. Write a check for twelve dollars in 
payment for thirty bushels of corn. (Use 
the word "Signature" instead of your name 
in signing the check.) 

10. Mark Twain bought the following 
of Johnson and Company: 

1 sack Flour, @ $3.25 $3.25 

3 bu. Apples, @ 2.75 8.25 

10 lb. Sugar 1.00 

Make out an itemized bill for the ac- 
count. 



Lesson IV 

BOOKKEEPING 
5-6-21 

1. Answer a letter to a business man 
who has advertised for an office boy or 
girl. 

2. Write an order to your home grocer 
for a half dozen grocery supplies. 

3. Write a grocer's statement of account 
for above order. Receipt the bill showing 
that payment has been made. 

4. Write John Jones' note to the Smith- 
field National Bank for $150, payable in 6 
months at 10% interest. 

5. Make a check from John Smith to 
you for fifteen dollars. 

6. Why should a person know how to 
keep books? 

7. Define each of the following: a note, 
a draft, a check, a receipt, and a bill. 

8. Explain how a check, draft, or note, 
is endorsed. 

9. Make an inventory of the following 
property: 2 cows, each worth $95, 1 team 
of horses worth $250, 1 wagon worth $85, 
1 set of harness worth $65, 1 binder worth 
$200. 

10. Make out a cash account from the 
following data: Received $25 salary and 
$10 interest on investment and you paid 
out the following: $6.50 for a pair of shoes, 
$2.50 for a pair of gloves, $1.50 for a pair 
of hose, and gave $2.00 for charity. 



(105) 



106 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



Lesson V. 

BOOKKEEPING 

4-7-22 

1. Write a business letter. 

2. You have given J. C. Brown and 
Company your check for a bill of goods 
amounting to $18.69. Write the check. 

3. Define: Receipt, check, note, draft. 

4. James C. White bought of R. C. 
Gould and Company the following bill of 
goods: 5 bu. potatoes @ $1.20, 6 lbs. cof- 
fee @ $.40, 3 sacks flour @ $2.10. Make 
an itemized bill for the account. 

5. What is an inventory? How do 
you endorse a note? Check? Draft? 

6. Make an inventory of farm machin- 
ery, animals, grain. 

7. What is the object of keeping a 
cash account? 

8. Make out a cash account from the 
following: Received $5.25 for eggs, $10.25 
for butter, $30 salary. You paid out $3.75 
for a hat, $2.60 for gloves, $1.05 for 
stamps. 

9. Why should we know how to keep 
books? 

10. Write a receipt to J. C. Smith for 
$8.40 you have received from him. ' 



Lesson VI. 

BOOKKEEPING 

5-5-22 

1. Write a business letter. 

2. Make up an inventory of at least 
ten items found on the farm or in the 

house. 



person 



3. Give your idea of why a 
should know how to keep books. 

4. What is a debit? Credit? 

5. You purchased a bill of goods from 

B. C. Brown & Co. amounting to $25.75. 
You pay for the goods by check. Write 
the check. Use the word "signature" in- 
stead of your name. 

6. James Harney borrows $300 from 
Sam Jones for three months at 8%. Write 
the note. 

7. James Howard pays $45 rent for the 
month of April to Frank Smith. Write 
the receipt for the rent. 

8. John Jones bought the following of 

C. C. Brown & Co.: 1 sack flour @ $1.65, 
3 bu. potatoes @ $1.25, 1 sack meal @ 
50 cts. Make out an itemized bill for the 
account. 

9. Name three safe ways of sending 
money through the mails. 

10. How is a note, check or draft en- 
dorsed? 



Bookkeeping Answers 



BOOKKEEPING ANSWERS 

Lesson I. 

3-26-20 

(a) Bookkeeping is the art of recording business transactions systematically. 

(b) The study of bookkeeping developes the ability to record business transac- 
tions accurately. It trains us in arithmetic and penmanship, it gives us a knowl- 
edge of business documents and banks and banking, of business practice and pro- 
cedure, of different types of business organizations, and of business organization 
and management. No better opportunity can be found for cultivating neatness, 
accuracy, industry, punctuality, cooperation, initiative, and other habits. 

(a) A note is a promise in writing to pay a certain sum of money at a definite 
time. 

A note usually bears interest at a rate agreed upon by the parties to the instru- 
ment. 

(b) A check is a written order of a person on a bank requesting the payment of 
a specified sum of money to another person, or to his order. 

(c) A draft is a written order of one person or firm upon another, ordering the 
payment of a certain sum of money at a specified time to a third person or firm 
named in the body of the draft. 

(d) An order is a request of one person on a second to pay money or to deliver 
goods to a third person. 

(e) A receipt is a written acknowledgment of a payment of a debt. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 



107 



3. Lincoln, Nebraska, May 7, 1920. 

University Society, 

Chicago, 111. 
Gentlemen: 

Send me the following items by parcel post and I will remit by check upon 
receipt of bill: 

12 Breasted Maps of the United States @ $10.00 each $120.00 

Very truly yours, 

GEORGE W. CUMMINGS. 
OR 

Lincoln, Nebr., May 7, 1920. 
University Society, 

Chicago, 111. 
Gentlemen : 

Inclosed find check on Farmers State Bank for $120.00 for 12 Breasted Maps 
of the United States. 

Very truly yours, 

GEORGE W. CUMMINGS. 



University Society, 

Chicago, 111. 
Sold to George W. Cummings, 

Lincoln, Nebraska. 
Terms Cash 
May 7, 1920 ..12 Breasted Maps 

Paid May 26, 1920 



Chicago, 111., May 20, 1920. 



$10 $120.0(1 

UNIVERSITY SOCIETY. 



Farmers State Bank 

No 1,2 Lincoln, Nebr., May 7, 1920. 

Pay to the order of-^^^-~~ — ^University Society*s^^^^~^^^s^^^^^. $ 120.00 



One hundred twenty No/ 100. 



■DOLLARS 



For 12 Breasted Maps. 



GEORGE W. CUMMINGS. 



1. 



2. 



Reader 

Arithmetic 

Speller 

Grammar 

Physiology 

Geography 

Compass 

Note Books 

Ruler 

Protractor 



$ 250.00 



BOOKKEEPING ANSWERS 

Lesson II. 

5-7-20 

INVENTORY 



Total 



Ninety days 



$ .85 
.90 
.35 
.65 
.75 
1.20 
.35 
.40 
.10 
.15 



$5.70 

Lincoln, Nebraska, May 7, 1920 
after date I promise to pay to the 



order of Samuel Kent 

Two hundred fifty No/ 100. 



DOLLARS 



at Farmers State Bank 

value received, with interest at 8% 

No. S2 . Due August 7, 1920 



HORACE BILLINGS. 



108 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



3. See Lesson I, No. 5. 

4. 

$ 62.00 

Received of John Lawson 

Sixty-two No/100. 



Lincoln Nebr., May 7, 1920. 

.DOLLARS 



In payment of account to date- 



SAWYER, BARCLAY & CO. 



The money order is one of the most convenient and the safest means of sending 
money. 

An order may be purchased from any post office. No one can cash it except the 
payee or the person to whom the payee indorses it. The payee or his indorser 
may cash the order at any post office or bank where he is known or "identified". 
If ihe money order is lost, the fact should be reported immediately to the nearest 
post office. If the lost order is not found, another, called a duplicate, will be is- 
sued later. 



BOOKKEEPING ANSWERS 

Lesson III. 

4-8-21 

1. See Lesson I., No. 5. 

2. See Lesson II., No. 4. 

3. See Lesson I., No. 1. 

4. See Lesson I., No. 2, and see forms in Lesson I. and II. 

5. See Lesson II., No. 2. 

6. A check, draft, or note is endorsed by the payee writing his name on the back. 

7. In all lines of business, it is necessary to write many letters, and since nothing 
more surely indicates the kind of business men we are than the letters we write, 
we should give much thought to this matter. 

This applies to farmers as much as to any other business men. Well written let- 
ters create a favorable impression, and justify the necessary time and patience 
required to become well able to write good business letters. 

There is no greater annoyance to a business man than to be obliged to decipher 
an ill-written, imperfectly expressed, and obscure letter. 

8. Loup City, Nebraska, April 8, 1921. 
T. E. Brown & Co. 

Chicago, 111. 
Gentlemen: 

Upon examination of the bill accompanying your last lot of goods, I find that 
I am charged with one hundred yards of ingrain carpeting, which I neither 
ordered nor received. I enclose the bill and copy of the invoice of goods, that the 
error may be rectified. 

Very truly yours, 

C. C. SPENCER. 



See No. 5, Lesson I. 

10. 

Mr. Mark Twain, 

Loup City, Nebraska. 

Bought of 

Johnson and Company 

Terms Cash 

1 sack flour, (a) $3.25 
3 bu. apples @ 2.75 
10 lb. sugar 



Omaha, Nebraska, April 8, 1921. 



$3.25 
8.25 
1.00 



$12.50 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 



109 



1. 



3. 



BOOKKEEPING ANSWERS 

Lesson IV. 

5-6-21 

Loup City, Nebraska, May 6, 1921. 
Brown and Company, 
Omaha, Nebraska. 
Gentlemen: 

Seeing your advertisement in the Omaha Daily News, for an office boy, I 
write to apply for the position. 

I am eighteen years of age and in excellent health and not afraid of work. 
I am an orphan, and for the past ten years have lived with Mr. C. J. Jones, a 
farmer who lives near here. I have finished my high school work and am now 
anxious to secure a position in Omaha. 

I refer you to Mr. Jones and to our City and County Superintendents, Mr. C. F. 
Seifert and Fred Smith. 

Very truly yours, 

TOM T. WILLMAN. 
2. Sargent, Nebr., May 6, 1921. 

Mr. C. E. Slimm, 
Sargent, Nebraska. 
Dear Mr. Slimm: 

Please send me by parcel post the following: 
1 bu. potatoes 
1 pound coffee 
1 box matches 

1 sack flour 

2 pkg. oatmeal 

2 pkg. puffed wheat 





Mr. W. W. Wells 




1 bu. potatoes 




1 pound coffee 




1 box matches 




1 sack flour 




2 pkg. oatmeal 




2 pkg. puffed wheat 


4. 


See Lesson II., No. 2. 


5. 


See Lesson I., No. 5. 


6. 


See Lesson I., No. 1. 


7. 


See Lesson I., No. 2. 


8. 


See Lesson III., No. 6. 


9. 


See Lesson II., No. 1. 



10. 





Very truly yours 


> 




• 




W. W. 


WELLS. 




Sargent, 


Nebr., 


May 6, 


1921. 

$3.50 
.80 
.90 
.10 
6.00 
.60 


Paid 


4-6-21 










E. 


C. SLIMM. 





CASH ACCOUNT 



1921 






Dr. 


Cr. 




May 


6 
"" 31 


Opened a cash account this day 

with amount on hand 
Shoes 
Gloves 
Hose 
Charity 
Amount on hand 


$ 35 


00 


$ 6 

2 

1 

2 

22 


50 
50 
50 
00 
50 






35 


00 


35 


00 



110 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

BOOKKEEPING ANSWERS 

Lesson V. 

4-7-22 
1- Centerville, Ohio, 

April 7, 1922. 
Send me the following items by parcel post and I will remit by check upon 
receipt of bill: 

5 lb. No. 8 Wire Nails. 

1 Sargent Greenleaf Padlock, No. 5. 

Very truly yours 

L. H. LEWIS. 

2. See Lesson I., No. 5. 

3. See Lesson I., No. 2, and Lesson II., No. 5. 

4. See Lesson III., No. 10. 

5. An inventory is a list of articles on hand at a given time with their respective 
values copied, usually at the cost price. 
See Lesson IV., No. 8. 

6. INVENTORIES RIVERSIDE FARM 

January 1 













1920 


1921 


Real Estate — Land 










$24,875 


$24,875 


Dwelling 










2,000 


2,000 
1,000 


Horse Barn 










1,000 


Dairy Barn 










1,500 


1,500 


Hog House 










300 


300 
300 


Sheep Shed 










300 


Machine Shed 










200 


200 


Silo No. 1 and No. 2 










200 


200 


Other improvements, 1921, $481 












481 


Total Real Estate 


$30,375 


$30,856 


Wood and posts 


200 


100 


Products 1920 




1921 








W T heat 600 bu. @ $1 


650 


bu. 


@ 


$1 


$600 


$650 


Oats 400 bu. @ 50c 


100 


bu. 


@ 


60c 


200 


60 


Barley 300 bu. @ 50c 


50 


bu. 


@ 


70c 


150 


35 


Corn 150 bu. @ 40c 


900 


bu. 


@ 


50c 


60 


450 


Alfalfa 50 T. @ $5 


30 


T. 


@ 


$4 


250 


120 


Potatoes 50 bu. @ $1 


70 


bu. 


@ 


$1 


50 


70 


Fruit and Veg. 










30 


20 


Wood and posts 










200 


100 


Silage — estimated 












300 



Total products $1,540 $1,805 

7. A cash account is a record of cash transaction and includes money, checks, money 
orders, sight drafts, or anything that can be converted into money on demand. 
The cash account is the record of cash transactions and shows the amount of 
cash on hand and is used in finding the Net Gain or Net Loss. 

8. See Lesson IV., No.. 10. 

9. See Lesson I., No. 1. 
10. See Lesson II., No. 4. 

BOOKKEEPING ANSWERS 

Lesson VI. 

5-5-22 

1. See Lesson III., No. 8. 

2. See Lesson V., No. 6. 

3. See Lesson I., No. 1. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 111 

4. Debit and credit are technical terms used in the application of bookkeeping prin- 
ciples. To denote the twofold effect of every business transaction. They denote 
position chiefly, an item which is debited being entered on the left side of the 
account, while an item which is credited is entered on the right side. Debits 
represent value received; credits value given. 

6. See Lesson I., No. 5. 

7. See Lesson II., No. 2. 

8. See Lesson I., No. 4. 

9. Three safe ways to send money through the mails are by money order, draft, or 
check. 

10. See Lesson III., No. 6. 



112 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



Orthography Questions 



Lesson I 

ORTHOGRAPHY 
4-8-15 

1. Write and define words containing 
the following prefixes: pre, re, semi, anti, 
fore. 

2. Indicate the pronunciation of the 
following by the use of diacritical marks: 
relief, oak, chestnut, cartoon, wagons. 

3. Use the following words in sentences: 
presence, presents, profits, prophets, scent, 
cent, pare, pear, gilt, guilt. 

4. When and for what purpose should 
the dictionary be used? 

5-10. Examiner pronounce these words: 

spelling official 

acreage description 

agriculture elevator 

anticipate embarrass 

bronchitis incredible 

injurious jewelry 

offence lymph 

campaign obstacle 

camera fascinate 

cartridge forfeiture 

convenience habitual 

decorate hypnotize 

imperative industrious 

invincible mercenary 

lieutenant occasional 

Lesson II 

ORTHOGRAPHY 
5-6-15 

1. Mark diacritically the following 
words: honesty, obey, queer, acre, janitor. 

2. Write and define words containing 
the following prefixes: peri, anti, pro, non, 
in. 

3. Give two rules for spelling and an 
appropriate word for each rule given. 

4. Define any two: monosyllable, vowel, 
diphthong, macron, suffix. 

5. Why are words divided into syllables' 
6-10. Spell from dictation: 

label lettuce 

palate chaos 

nerve design 

woolly diploma 

salary singular 

census confess 

remodel medicine 

fragile balsam 

alas Russian 

camphor umbrella 

museum dandelion 

celery excel 
vacate 



Lesson III 

ORTHOGRAPHY 
3-9-16 

1. Mark diacritically: omelet, righteous- 
ly, pamphlets, veteran, pioneer. 

2. Write and define words having the 
following prefixes: syn, peri, mono, non. 

3. Write and define words having the 
following suffixes: ate, ary, an, able, ness. 

4. Define any two: monosyllable, poly- 
syllable, macron, caret, synonym. 

5. Abbreviate: Nebraska, secretary, 
merchandise, bushel. 

6-10. Spell from dictation: 

accord neighborhood 

boistrous observance 

capable parcel 

delegate qualify 

excuse receipt 

family secede 

government traitor 

humanity undertaking 

immediate venerable 

Jerusalem witness 

kindred youthful 

language zenith 
menace 

Lesson IV 

ORTHOGRAPHY 

4-13-16 

1. Use these words correctly in sen- 
tences: right, write, rite; pale, pail; tear, 
tare. 

2. Use in sentences in such a way that 
the differences in meaning will be clearly 
shown, the following pairs of words: pro- 
tection and shelter; study and consider; 
site and residence; partnership and com- 
pany; proceed and advance. 

3. Define synonyms and give example. 

4. Mark diacritically: argue, character- 
istic, dishonor, ghost, neighborhood. 

5. Give two rules for use of capitals. 
6-10. Spell from dictation: 

advise neutral 

bountiful paragraph 

changeable option 

debt quotation 

expel receive 

farming triumph 

grateful significant 

humble unique 

incentive vengeance 

John worship 

knowledge yearly 

luxury zero 

minister 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 



113 



Lesson V 

ORTHOGRAPHY 
5-5-16 

1. Write ten lines on the value and use 
of the dictionary. 

2. Define and illustrate five rules in 
spelling. 

3. Define orthography, consonant, diph- 
thong. 

4. Underscore prefixes, and give meaning 
of words: biped, subway, transport, semi- 
annual, antecedent. 

5. Divide into syllables and mark ac- 
cent: aggregate, peaceably, permanent, 
cancellation, content. 

6-10. Spell from dictation: 

abode 



beginning 

calm 

deceit 

esteem 

forcible 

generous 

homage 

ignorant 

judicial 

Kentucky 

laborer 

masculine 



nauseous 

obedient 

pallid 

question 

rebel 

scholarship 

tiresome 

uncertain 

vague 

wanton 

yield 

zealous 



Lesson VI 

ORTHOGRAPHY 
3-23-17 

1. Give meanings of the following 
words and prefixes and use each correctly 
in a word: per, inter, circum, bene, anti, 
tri, semi, super, non, re. 

2. Indicate by diacritical markings, the 
pronunciation of the following words: in- 
sect, liable, all, they, moon, half, such, cow, 
live, control. 

3. Write two rules for forming the 
plural from singular forms of words. 

4. Use correctly in sentences the fol- 
lowing words: aisles, isles, clime, climb, 
flue, flew, pare, pair, pear. 

5-10. Spell correctly when pronounced: 



autumn 

bicycle 

recognize 

believe 

apology 

January 

February 

island 

receive 

banana 

vegetable 

separate 

humor 



business 

government 

justice 

mutually 

pursuit 

sincere 

circle 

education 

orchestra 

scientific 

canal 

choir 



Lesson VII 

ORTHOGRAPHY 
4-19-17 

1. Define: orthography, elementary- 
sound, vocal, sub-vocal, aspirate. 

2. When should you double the con 
sonant on taking a suffix beginning with 
a vowel? 

3. Write and define words containing 
the following prefixes: syn, in, peri, mono, 
con. 

4. Illustrate in words, all sounds repre- 
sented by the following a,e, i, c, g,oi, ch, 
th, ou, oy. 

5. Analyze the following words: recog- 
nize, community, indelible, officiate, maint- 
enance". 

6. Use synonyms of the following: rich, 
becoming, gayly, somber, efficient. 

7. Define derivative, prefix, suffix. 

8. Give eight rules for the use of cap- 
itals and illustrate. 

9-10. Conductor will detach and have all 
write these words at the same time. Then 
collect immediately. 



fatigue 

association 

nervous 

philanthropist 

insanity 

tuberculosis 

entente 

benefactor 

paralyze 

separate 



foreigners 

revenue 

religion 

geyser 

meridian 

Christianity 

Caucasian 

Guiana 

resemblance 

temperature 



Lesson VIU 

ORTHOGRAPHY 
5-10-17 

Conductor will pronounce words. Pupils 
will write words and papers will be col- 
lected at once: 



which 

their 

there 

separate 

don't 

meant 

business 

many 

friend 

some 

been 

used 

always 

where 

women 

done 

hear 

here 



guess 

says 

having 

just 

doctor 

whether 

believe 

knew 

laid 

tear 

choose 

grammar 

minute 

any 

much 

beginning 

blue 

though 



114 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



write 


coming 


writing 


early 


heard 


instead 


does 


easy 


once 


through 


would 


every 


since 


tired 


can't 


they 


sure 


hair 


loose 


break 


lose 


buy 


Wednesday 


again 


country 


very 


February 


none 


know 


weak 


could 


often 


seems 


whole 


Tuesday 


won't 


answer 


piece 


two 


raise 


too 


ache 


ready 


read 


forty 


said 


hour 


hoarse 


trouble 


shoes 


among 


tonight 


busy 


wrote 


built 


enough 


color 


truly 


making 


sugar 


dear 


straight 


wear 


cough 



Lesson X 

ORTHOGRAPHY 

5-10-18 

1. Give two rules for spelling and illus- 
trate each rule by appropriate words. 

2. Define: elementary sound, vocal, sub- 
vocal, aspirate, word analysis. 

3. Illustrate, by using in words, five 
sounds of the letter "a". 

4. Mark diacritically the following 
words: rigid, evolution, army, government, 
remainder. 

5. Divide into syllables and mark the 
accent: caterpillar, muse im, hospital, 
tomato, hemisphere. 

6-10. Spell from dictation: 



manicure 

preamble 

immediate 

monarch 

recruit 

saliva 

volcano 

Democracy 

superintendent 

college 

vinegar 

aeroplane 

ideal 



grammar 

aviator 

construct 

auxiliary 

misspell 

separate 

organization 

memorize 

oration 

goldenrod 

score 

promote 



Lesson IX 

ORTHOGRAPHY 
4-11-18 

1. Write the word instead of the abbre- 
viation of the following: Sec, Supt., 
Atty., P.M., Co. 

2. Define: word, sylable, accent, primi- 
tive word, derivative word. 

3. Mark diacritically the following 
words: creek, suggest, majestic, genuine, 
frightful. 

4. Name, give example, and give the 
meaning of two prefixes and two suffixes. 

5. Give rules for retaining and drop- 
ping final "y" when a suffix is added. 

6-10. Spell from dictation: 



ambulance 

knife 

potatoes 

index 

thrift 

conservation 

American 

separate 

government 

service 



information 

patriotic 

savings 

flagstaff 

truly 

resource 

accident 

ninety 

quorum 

similar 



Lesson XI 

ORTHOGRAPHY 
4-10-19 

1. Give three rules in spelling and illus- 
trate each rule by appropriate words. 

2. Use the following words in sen- 
tences: right, there, stake, fore, pale. 

3. Explain how to use the dictionary. 

(a) What are the diacritical markings? 

(b) Why are words divided into syl- 
lables? 

(c) What is meant by primary accent? 

(d) What is a derivative word? 

4. Write the words instead of the fol- 
lowing abbreviations: Dr., Feb., Gen., 
cwt., P.M., C. O. D., Rev., U. S. N., rec'd, 
Lieut. 

5. (a) Write two words containing pre- 
fixes and tell the meaning of each prefix 
used. (b) Write two words containing 
suffixes and tell the meaning of each suffix 
used. 



6-10. Detach and 
legislature 
representative 
armistice 
language 
suffrage 
determined 
soldier 
sacred 



pronounce to class: 
resident 
American 
operation 
financial 
government 
recommend 
detriment 
statement 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 



115 



indication 

training 

public 

private 

citizen 



narcotic 
straight 
community 
conservation 



Lesson XII 

ORTHOGRAPHY 

5-8-19 

1. Define the following and give exam- 
ples: synonyms, antonyms, paronyms, 
homonyms. 

2. Write the abbreviation of the follow- 
ing words: postscript, take notice, mer- 
chandise, gentleman, professor, present 
month, mister, for example, foot, gallon. 

3. Write words containing the following 
prefixes and give meaning of each prefix: 
mis, un, non, sub, anti. 

4. Write words containing the following 
suffixes and give meaning of each suffix: 
less, en, hood, ate, able. 

5. Distinguish between a primitive and 
a derivative word. Give five derivative 
words and the root from which each is de- 
rived. 

6-10. Spell the following words: 

believe feminine 

siege McKelvie 

referee Woodrow 

necessary burglar 

beginning curiosity 

armistice apparel 

specimen perilous 

cerebellum bouquet 

court-martial incubator 

granary cannibal 

criticise calcimine 

mileage cartilage 

oriole cancer 

dairy cabinet 

graduation irksome 

Clemmons innocent 

principal relieve 

engage permanence 

agreeably bronchitis 

usury liable 

tying cocoanut 

sacred enrollment 

occurrence possession 

immediate constable 

Lesson XIII 

ORTHOGRAPHY 
3-25-20 

1. Of what use is the dictionary? 

2. Give two rules for forming the 
plurals of nouns ending in "y." 

3. Write words illustrating the long 
and short sounds of each word. Mark the 
vowel. 



4. Use correctly in sentences the follow- 
ing words: to, too, two; pear, pare, pair; 
sight, site, new, knew. 

5. Tell how you prepare your spelling 
lesson. 

6-10. The examiner will detach and pro- 
nounce the following list of words, giving 
the meaning of the word when necessary, 
which again 
doctor daily 
across sincerely 
friend dollar 
American color 
premium triangle 
does separate 
wear minute 
circle always 
bushel wood 
says service 
remember seems 
geography hour 
grammar league 
adverb history 
write their 
feeble believe 
principal piece 
forty much 
treaty soldier 
hygiene armistice 
language citizen 
until election 
thrift busy 
woman census 



Lesson XIV 

ORTHOGRAPHY 
5-6-20 

1. Divide into syllables and mark ac- 
cent: calendar, library, automobile, geogra- 
phy, advertise. 

2. Explain how to use the dictionary. 

3. Define orthography, accent, prefix, 
hyphen, monosyllable, 

4. Which is the easier for you: oral 
spelling or written spelling? Why? 

5. What are synonyms? Antonyms? 
Homonyms? Illustrate each. 

6-10. Examiner will detach and pro- 
nounce the list of words, giving the mean- 
ings when necessary: 

business typhoid 

many damage 

women missionary 

principle southern 

writing reign 

February acid 

Wednesday badge 

making decimal 

coming plural 



116 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



buy 


season 


arithmetic 


isle 


course 


oceanic 


whole 


sewing 


often 


president 


piece 


exhibit 


raise 


beneath 


enough 


diary 


sugar 


receive 


tonight 


mileage 


truly 


debit 


tarry 


absence 


section 


pistil 


scene 


capitol 


pursue 


unit 


itself 


independence 



Lesson XV 

ORTHOGRAPHY 
4-8-21 

1. Give two rules for spelling and 
write words to illustrate after each rule 
you have written. 

2. What is a prefix? A suffix? Give 
an example of each and give meaning of 
the whole word in which each is used. 

3. Define: synonyms, antonyms, homo- 
nyms. Give examples after each definition. 

4. Write the words for the following 
abbreviations : acct., B. C, ft., Dr., Jan. 

5. Mark diacritically: swallow, pneu- 
monia, visible, irrigate, janitor. 

6-10. Examiner will detach and pro- 
nounce the list of words, giving the mean- 
ing when necessary: 



afraid 

which 

would 

night 

thank 

sincerely 

every 

yesterday 

receive 

Sunday 

oblige 

because 

though 

friend 

business 

several 

remember 

women 

February 

company 

together 

obtain 

unfortunate 

character 

separate 



evidence 

arrive 

distribute 

pleasure 

necessary 

salary 

direction 

request 

mention 

absence 

general 

government 

beautiful 

express 

wonderful 

factory 

attention 

neighbor 

consider 

foreign 

important 

celebration 

famous 

population 

treasure 



Lesson XVI 

ORTHOGRAPHY 

5-6-21 

Examiner will detach Part II before giving out 
this list of questions. 

PART I 

1. Name the vowels and give two mark- 
ings of each. 

2. Use these words correctly in sen- 
tences: rain, reign; right, write; pare, 

pear; stake, steak. 

3. Give three rules for capitals. 

4. Write the word instead of the ab- 
breviation for the following: Gen., P. M., 
Co., Supt., Dr. 

5. Give the feminine for the following 
words: lion, man, drake, brother, nephew, 
husband,- host, king, hero, son. 



PART II 



6-10. Examiner will 
nounce very plainly the 
doctor 
minute 
ache 
business 
grammar 
believe 
guess 
beginning 
writing 
instead 
Wednesday 
coming 
whether 



detach and pro- 
following words: 

autumn 

grammar 

separate 

forty 

prairie 

calendar 

pigeon 

committee 

furniture 

liberty 

France 

agriculture 



Lesson XVII. 

ORTHOGRAPHY 
4-6-22 

Examiner will detach Part II. before 
handing out this list of questions. 

PART I. 

1. Write and define words containing 
the following prefixes: pre, re, semi, anti, 
fore. 

2. Indicate by diacritical markings the 
pronunciation of the following words: 
nerve, label, design, confess, celery, some, 
blue, service, savings, half. 

3. Give three rules in spelling and il- 
lustrate each rule by appropriate word. 

4. Use correctly in sentences the fol- 
lowing words: too, to, two, pear, pair, 
pare, sight, site, new, knew. 

5. Write abbreviations for these: Feb- 
ruary, Wednesday, doctor, superintendent, 
afternoon, credit, foot, ounce, pound, bar- 
rel. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 



117 



PART II. 
6-10. 

Examiner will detach and pronounce 
very plainly the following words: 



agriculture 

elevator 

jewelry 

salary 

debt 

grateful 

capable 

family 

generous 

scholarship 

recognize 

democracy 

diploma 



neighborhood 

jury 

attendance 

intelligent 

separate 

bargain 

automobile 

tractor 

receive 

believe 

February 

ninety 



Lesson XVIII. 

ORTHOGRAPHY 

5-4-22 

Examiner will detach Part II before 
handing out this list of questions.. 

PART I. 

1. Mark diacritically: sighs, freight, 
ridge, steady, yeast. 



2. Write the feminine of the following 
words: brother, father, husband, son, 
king, nephew, sir, uncle, actor, gander. 

3. What is a prefix? What is a suffix? 
Give an example of each. 

4. Write words for these abbreviations: 
Nebr., ft., lb., No., P. M. 

5. Use these words in sentences: bare, 
bear; pair, pear; ring, wring; right, 
write; sale, sail. 

PART II 

6-10. Examiner will detach and pro- 
nounce very plainly the following words: 



Calendar 


business 


committee 


again 


beautiful 


beginning 


neighbor 


busy 


because 


grammar 


friend 


instead 


pleasant 


minute 


which 


trouble 


always 


Tuesday 


doctor 


Wednesday 


forty 


writing 


piece 


ventilate 


straight 





Orthography Answers 



ORTHOGRAPHY 

Lesson I. 

4-8-15 

1. Precede — to go before. Reheat — to heat again. Semitone — half a tone. Anti-slavery — 
against slavery. Fore-tell — to tell before it happens. 

2. re-l/ef, oak, ches/'-niit, car-toon', wag'-on. 

3. They noticed his presence at the meeting. 
They sent him presents on his birthday. 
His profits in the sale were large. 

The prophets foretold the end of the world. 

The scent of the rose is sweet. 

The cent is one-fifth of a nickel. 

He will pare the pear. 

The gilt picture frame was broken. 

The guilt of the man was plain. 

4. The dictionary should be used to look up the meaning and pronunciation of the word, 
and should be used in any lesson where the pupil finds a word with which he is not 
familiar. 

A child should be taught how to use the dictionary in the early years of his school life. 
In order to make progress in his studies, every student needs to know at least the com- 
mon words of the English language; he cannot understand his text book without this 
knowledge. Now, to know a word implies a knowledge of its spelling, its pronuncia- 
tion, its syllabication, its meaning, its derivation, its historical development and its 
proper use. In learning a new word, the student should endeavor to use the new word 
often. Now, in order to know words, one must study the dictionary. It is not enough 
to study the dictionary for a few days in school ; the dictionary habit must be kept up 
through life, since education, in its highest sense, ends only with life, and new ideas and 



118 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

new words for these ideas are continually coming into our language. The dictionary is 
the student's best friend. 
5—10. Words for pupil to spell. 

ORTHOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson II. 

5-6-15 

1. ^6n'-es-ty, 6-bey', queer, a€'re, jan'-i-tor. 

2. Periosteum — around the bone. Anti-slavery — against slavery. Pronoun — for a noun. 
Non-active — not active. In-complete — not complete. 

3. Nouns ending in "y" preceded by a consonant, the "y" is changed to "i" and "es" is 
added to form the plural, as century — centuries. 

Words ending in a single silent "e," the "e" is generally dropped before a suffix begin- 
ning with a vowel, as separate — separating. 

4. A monosyllable is a word of one syllable. 

A vowel is a letter that represents a free open sound of the voice. The vowels are a, 

e, i, o, u, and sometimes w and y. 

A diphthong is a union of two vowels in one syllable as ou in the word out, or oi in oil. 

Macron is a mark, a horizontal bar, placed over vowels to indicate a long sound. 

An affix or suffix is a letter or letters joined to the end of a word to qualify its meaning. 

5. Words are divided into syllables to aid the child in enunciation, articulation, and pro- 
nunciation. Also to show derivation of words. 

6-10. Pupil spell from dictation. 

ORTHOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson III. 

3-9-16 

1. om'e-let, rl^t'-eous-ly, pam'-phlet, vet'-?r-an, pl-o-nflr'. 

2. Synonym — with the same meaning. Pericardium — around the heart. Monosyllable — of 

one syllable. Non-essential — not essential. 

3. Predestinate — to make known beforehand. Planetary — pertaining to the planets. Euro- 
pean — a person from Europe. Readable — that may or can be read. Usefulness — the 
state of being useful. 

4. Monosyllable — a word of one syllable. Polysyllable — a word of many syllables. 
Macron — a horizontal bar over the vowel to denote the long sound. Caret — a mark like 
an inverted V to indicate the medial A sound. Synonyms are words of one general 
meaning as invent and discover. 

5. Nebraska — Nebr. Secretary — Sec. Merchandise — Mdse. Bushel — Bu. 
6-10. Pupil spell from dictation. 

ORTHOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson IV. 

4-13-16 

1. Do you know right from wrong? 

Write your lesson. 

He looked with indifference on rites, names, and forms of ecclesiastical polity. 
The man's face was very pale. 
The pail holds two quarts. 
A tear glistened on her cheek. 
The tare on the goods was 2%. 

2. The heavy clothing was a protection from the cold wind. 
The cave was a shelter for the lost man. 

Do you consider this a well laid plan? 

Study your lesson. 

This town site covered four blocks at first. 

This is the most beautiful residence in this city. 

John and Henry are in partnership. 

The company invested much money. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 119 

Proceed with your work. 
Did stock advance in price? 

3. Words of general meaning, as Glad — happy. See Lesson III, question 4. 

4. ar'-gu^, €^ar'-ac-ter-is-tic, dis-A6n'or, g//6st, nei^//'bor-ho6d. 
5,. All proper nouns. The first word of every sentence. 
6-10. Pupil spell from dictation. 

ORTHOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson V. 

5-5-16 

1. See Lesson I, question 4. 

2. (a) Silent final e is dropped before a suffix beginning with a vowel, as remove — 
removal. 

(b) Silent final e is retained before a suffix beginning with a consonant, as nine — ninety. 

(c) Permanent compounds in full and all, drop one 1 ; temporary compounds retain 

both, as: 

r~ . ( full-moon t, . , / spoonful 

Temporary compounds j a jj_ w j se Permanent compounds < a i_ reac j y 

(d) Final y preceded by a vowel remains unchanged before any suffix, as employ — 
employment. 

(e) If a prefix ends in the same letter with which the word begins, or the word ends 
in the same letter with which the suffix begins, the letter is doubled, as: misspell, civilly. 

3. (a) Orthography is the science which treats of letters, of words, and of spelling. 

(b) A consonant is a letter that represents a sound made with the obstructed voice or 
the obstructed breath. The consonants include all of the letters except the vowels. 

(c) A dipthong is a union of two vowels in one syllable, as "ou" in thou. 

4. Bi-ped, a two-footed animal. Sub-way, an underground way. Trans-port, to carry from 
one place to another. Semi-annual, half yearly. A nt e-cedent, that which precedes. 

5. Ag'-gre-gate. Peace'-a-bly. Per'-ma-nent. Can-cel-la'-tion. Con-tent. 
6-10. Pupil spell from dictation. 

ORTHOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson VI. 

3-23-17 

1. Per signifies through, thoroughly — as permeate. 
Inter signifies between — as intercolonial. 
Circum signifies around — as circumnavigate. 
Bene signifies well — as beneficial. 

Anti signifies before or against — as antideiuvian, antislavery. 

Tri signifies three — as tricolor. 

Semi signifies half — as j^mfcircumference. 

Super signifies above, over — as supercharge. 

Non signifies not — as nonsense, nonresident. 

Re signifies back, again — as return, reheat. 

2. Tn'-sect, H'-a-ble, all, they, moon, ha/f, such, cow, live, xon-trol' 

3. Nouns ending in "y" preceded by a consonant form their plural by changing "y" to "i" 
and adding "es," as: fly, flies. 

Nouns ending in "y" preceded by a vowel add "s" to form the plural, as: toy, toys. 

4. The aisles were covered with costly carpets. 
Did we pass the British Isles? 

He went to a more healthful clime. 
Pikes Peak is a steep climb. 
The chimney flue is filled with soot. 
The bird Yeiv away. 
Pare the apple. 
She bought a pair of shoes. 
A pear is a fruit. 

5-10. Words for pupil to spell correctly. • 



120 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

ORTHOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson VII. 

4-19-17 

1. Orthography, see Lesson V, question 3. 

An elementary sound is the simplest sound of the language. 

A vocal is a voice sound modified, but not obstructed, by the organs of articulation. 

A subvocal is a vocal sound modified and obstructed by the organs of articulation, as: 

b, d, j, etc. 

An aspirate is an articulate sound made without the vibration of the vocal chords, as: 

c, f, h, k, p, q, etc. 

2. Monosyllables and words accepted on the last syllable, ending in a single consonant 
preceded by a single vowel, double the final consonant on adding a suffix beginning with 
a vowel, as: slam, slammed; control, controllable. 

3. Syn-opsis, a general view. In-tact, entire. Peri, see Lesson III, No. 2. Mono, see 
Lesson III, No. 2. Con-ceive, to imagine. 

4. Fate, senate, fare, mat, arm, final, all, what; met*, ev<mt, met, her, recent, where, vein; 

ice, ill,pique, sir; €at, Cell, get, gem, oil, ehorus, cjiurch, thine, o_ut, boy. 

5. Recognize, recall — "^"^again, "cogni to' ,: =knowledge of. (knowledge of again). 
Community, common possession or enjoyment — "Com"— witn."munis"= : =ready to be of 
service. "ty"=state of. (State of being ready to be of service with). 

Indelible, that cannot be removed or effaced. — "in"=not. "delebilis"=capable of being 

destroyed. 'Not capable of being destroyed.) 

Officiate, one who performs a duty. "officiare"=ability to do. "ate"=one who. (One 

who has ability to do.) 

Maintenance, means of support. "Manus"=hand. "tenere" z =to hold, keep. "ance"= 

state of being. (State of being kept with the hand.) 

6. Synonyms for the following are: rich, wealthy; becoming, graceful; gayly, merrily; 
somber, gloomy; efficient, competent. 

7. A derivative word is one which is derived from a primitive word by some addition to it. 
A prefix is one or more syllables, not used as a word of similar meaning in the English 
language, placed before a word to modify its meaning. 

A suffix is one or more syllables, not used as a word of similar meaning in the English 
language, placed after a word to modify its meaning. 

8. Eight rules for the use of capital letters. 

The first word of every sentence. Example: Does the sun shine? 

The first word of a direct quotation. Example: The daisies say, "We dance." 

The first word in a line of poetry. Example: God's in His heaven — 

All's right with the world. 

The names of the months and the days of the week. June, Monday. 

The pronoun I and the interjection O should be written with capitals. Example, O, I 

see you in want! 

Names representing the Deity. Example. The Lord is master of all. 

Particular names, as Wilson, John, etc. 

Abbreviations, as Mon., Dr., Nebr. 

See Lesson IX, No. 5. 

9-10. Left for pupil to spell correctly. 

ORTHOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson VIII. 

5-10-17 
1-10, Left for pupil to spell correctly. 

ORTHOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson IX. 

4-11-18 

1. Sec. — secretary. Supt. — superintendent. Atty. — attorney. P. M. — afternoon. Co. — com- 
pany. 

2. A word is a written or spoken sign of a conception or an idea consisting of one or 
more syllables of the voice. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 121 

Accent is the greater stress given to one syllable to distinguish it from another syllable 

in the same word. 

A primitive word is one which is in no way derived from another. 

Derivative word, see Lesson VII, question 7. 

3. . Creek, sTi^'-gest, ma'-jes'-tic, gen'-u-ine, f nght'-i ul. 

4. Two prefixes, mis=wrong, as misdeed with^from, against, as with-hold. 
Two suffixes, est=most, as smallest less=without, as hatless. 

5. Final (y) preceded by a consonant, is changed to (i) on the addition of any suffix except 
's or such as begin with (i), as beautify, beautifying. 

Final (y) preceded by a vowel remains unchanged before any suffix as, play, playful. 

6-10. Left for pupil to spell correctly. 

ORTHOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson X. 

5-10-18 
1. See Lesson V, question 2. 

1. Elementary sound, vocal, sub-vocal, aspirate, see Lesson VII, question 1. 

Word analysis consists in separating derivative words into their primitive parts, stems, 
prefixes, and suffixes, and in giving the signification of each part and then of the entire 
word. 

3. a — ate, a — hat, a — ask, a — all, a — arm, and a — what. 

4. rlgMd, ev-o-lu'-tion, ar'-my, gov-ern-ment, (guv), re-mam'-der* 

5 cat-er-pil-lar. mu-se-um. hos-pi-tal. to-ma-to. hem-i-sphere. 

ORTHOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson XI. 

4-10-19 

1. See Lesson V, question 2. 

2. I would rather be right than president. 
There are nine boys in our ball team. 
The stake was driven into the ground. 
The fore part of the day was beautiful. 
Pale, see Lesson IV, question 1. 

3. The first thing that we should be taught in learning how to use the dictionary is how 
to find the words. Then the pronunciation, syllabication, spelling, part of speech, defini- 
tion, synonyms, prefixes and suffixes, and etymology. See Lesson I, No. 4. 

(a) Diacritical marking is the use of a system of characters and marks to distinguish 
the various sounds of the letters of the alphabet. 

(b) See Lesson II, question 5. 

(c) Primary accent is the chief accent in the word. 

(d) See Lesson VII, question 7. 

4. Dr. debtor or doctor. Feb. February. Gen. general. Cwt. hundredweight. P. M. afternoon. 

C. O. D. collect on delivery. Rev. reverend. U. S. N. United States Navy. Rec'd, re- 
ceived. Lieut, lieutenant. 

5. See Lesson IX, question 4. 

6-10. Left for pupil to spell correctly. 

ORTHOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson XII. 

5-8-19 

1. (a) Synonyms are words of similar meaning, as: invent and discover. 

(b) An antonym is a word directly opposed to another in meaning, as: kind, cruel. 

(c) Paronyms are words of the same derivation but different in spelling and meaning, 
as: re-act, action. 

(d) Homonyms are words similar in sound but different in meaning, as: ate, eight. 

2. Postscript, P. S. take notice, N. B. merchandise, Mdse. gentleman, Gent, professor, 

Prof, present month, Inst, mister, Mr. for example, e. g. foot, ft. gallon, gal. 



122 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

3. Mis=( wrong) misconduct. Un=(not) unbelief. Non=(not) nonsense. Sub=(under) 
submit. Anti=( against) antislavery. 

4. Less— (without), heartless. En=(made of), wooden. hood= (state of), manhood. 
able=(that may be), endurable. ate=(agent or cause), legate. 

5. Definition given in Lesson IX, question 2. 

Unclouded, "cloud," is the root. Cordial, "cor," is the root. Aerate, "aer," is the root. 
Solar, "sol," is the root. Teacher, "teach," is the root. 
6-10. Left for pupil to spell correctly. 



ORTHOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson XIII. 

3-25-20 

1. See Lesson 1. question 4. 

2. Nouns ending in y preceded by a consonant form their plural by changing the y to i 
and adding es; as fly, flies. See Lesson IX, No. 5. 

Nouns ending in y preceded by a vowel add s to form the plural ; as toy, toys. 

3. Fate, fat, mete,, met,, ice,. Til, note, not, use, up, type, pity;, 

4. Ring out, wild bells, to the wild sky. 
The wheat is ripe too. 

She solved too problems. 

Pear, pare, pair, see Lesson VI, question 4. 

His sight was poor. 

The school site cost $1,000. 

She has a nenv book. 

He knew his lesson. 

5. In answering this question the methods we suggest must be simple and direct, and such 
as will take the least space possible. 

The nature of the question indicates that there is a right and a wrong way to prepare a 
spelling lesson. It indicates that you must know how to study spelling. 

There are many mental acts involved in learning to spell, but the following are the most 
important. Getting the pupil to see the word in imagination, have the word enunciated 

distinctly, recall how its letters sound in order, one sound recalls the next, spell the 
word orally, write the word several times, the use of rules, do not try to learn more 
than three to six new words at a lesson, train to look for the difficult part or parts of 
the word, do not study words marked with diacritical marks as the marks interfere 
with getting the mental picture, it makes the image complex and obscure. 

The teacher should make a careful study of how to teach spelling. Explain to pupils 
what to do to prepare a lesson, the right way, lesson after lesson, until they have 
formed the habit and really know how to prepare a spelling lesson. This habit cannot 
be formed without intelligent help from the teacher. 

Be sure that the word is correctly pronounced. Incorrect pronunciation explains one- 
half of the causes of poor spelling. 



ORTHOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson XIV. 

5-6-20 

1. See dictionary. 

2. See Lesson XI, question 3. 

3. Orthography, see Lesson V, question 3. Accent see Lesson XI, question 3. Prefix see 
Lesson VII, question 7. 

Hyphen is a mark used in compound words or at the end of a line, to show that part 
of a word is to be found on the next line. 
Monosyllable, see Lesson II, question 4. 

4. Left for pupil. 

5. See Lesson XII, question 1. 
6-10. Left for pupil. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 123 

ORTHOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson XV. 

4-8-21 

1. See Lesson V, question 2. 

2. See Lesson I, question 1; Lesson II, question 4; Lesson VII, question 7. 

3. See Lesson XII, question 1. 

4. Acct. account. B. C. Before Christ, ft. foot, feet. Dr. debtor, doctor. Jan. January. 

5. Swal'low. />neu-mo'-ni-a. vis'-i-ble. Ir-ri-gate. jan'-i-tor. 
6-10. For pupil to spell correctly. 

ORTHOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson XVI. 

5-6-21 

1. See Lesson XIII, question 3. 

2. How beautifully the rain comes down! 
The reign of some kings was tyrantical. 
Know you are right, then go ahead. 
Write me a letter. 

You may pare the apple. 
The pear tree is full of fruit. 
This is a cedar stake. 
This steak is tuff. 

3. See Lesson VII, question 8. 

4. Gen. general. P. M. afternoon. Co. county. Supt. superintendent. Dr. doctor. 

5. Lion — lioness, man — woman, drake — duck, brother — sister, nephew — niece, husband — 
wife, host — hostess, king — queen, hero — heroine, son — daughter. 

6-10. Left for pupil to spell correctly. 

ORTHOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson XVII. 

4-6-22 

1. See Lesson I, No. 1. 

2. See dictionary. 

3. See Lesson XI, No. 1. 

4. See Lesson XIII, No. 4. 

5. The abbreviations for the following are: February— Feb., Wednesday=Wed., doctor= 
Dr., superintendent=Supt., afternoon : s=P. M., credit^Cr., foot=ft., pound=lb., barrel^ 
bbl. 

6-10. Left for pupil to spell correctly. 

ORTHOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson XVIII. 

5-4-22 

1. See dictionary. 

2. The feminine for the following are: brother, sister, father, mother, husband, wife, 
son, daughter, king, queen, nephew, niece, sir, madam, or miss, uncle, aunt, actor, 
actress, gander, goose. See Lesson XVI, No. 5. 

3. See Lesson XV, No. 2. 

4. The words for the following abbreviations are: Neb. Nebraska, ft. feet. lb. pound. 
No. number. P. M. afternoon. 

5. All the fields are lying brown and bare. 
Bear me not so swiftly o'er the sea. 
John has a new pair of shoes. 

The pear is sweet. Write your letters. 

Ring the bell. John went to the sale. 

Help wring the clothes. Sail on, and on and on. 

Always do right. 6 _ 10- Le f t f or pup ii t0 spe u correc tly. 



Civics Questions 

A Brief Outline of Civics for Grade Pupils 
(By County Supt. L. H. Currier) 

There is no subject more neglected in the work of rural or village schools than 
the study of civics. 

If the citizenship of the future shall intelligently meet its issues and solve its 
problems, it will be as a result of a thorough acquaintance with the fundamental prin- 
ciples of our government. There is a greater need than ever before for a study of 
political and economic questions on the part of the voter. This cannot be left to the 
high schools, colleges and universities entirely. The majority of the youth of the present 
get no education beyond the grade schools. The high school sees only a small propor- 
tion of those who enter the grades. 

It is hoped that this brief outline may serve as a starting point in the study of the 
facts of our government. Since time is a very important factor in our rural and village 
schools, civics should be supplemented with history and should be taught in every 
grade above the primary, with more and more fullness as the pupil advances. This 
outline is not intended to be exhaustive. The intelligent teacher can easily add to 
as may be needed. 



SOCIETY. 

1. Definition. 

2. Man a social being. 

3. Rights. 

a. Civil. 

1. Industrial. 

2. Social. 

3. Religious. 

b. Political. 

4. Duties. 

5. Source of authority. 

GOVERNMENT. 

1. Definition. 

2. Define civil. 

3. Origin. 

4. Object. 

a. See Preamble of constitution. 

b. See Declaration of Independ- 

ence. 

5. Necessity. 

6. Kinds. 

a. Monarchial (define). 

b. Aristocratic (define). 

c. Democratic (define). 

EVOLUTION OF NATIONAL GOVERN- 
MENT. 

I. Colonial Governments. 

1. Provincial. 

2. Proprietary. 

3. Charter. 

II. First Colonial Assembly. 

III. First Continental Congress. 

IV. Second Continental Congress. 

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 
I. Resolution of Richard Henry Lee. 
II. Committee. 

III. Authority. 

IV. Adoption. 
V. Importance. 



VI. Statements relating to. 

1. Reasons for its issue. 

2. Rights of all men. 

3. Conditions which justify revolu- 

tion. 

4. Grievances of colonists. 

5. Authority for action. 

VII. Signing of document. 

ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION. 
I. History. 
II. Important Provisions. 

1. Nature of Government. 

2. Composition of Congress. 

3. Representatives. 

III. Cause of these peculiar provisions. 

IV. Their defects. 

V. Their good results. 

ORIGIN OF THE CONSTITUTION. 

I. Failure of the Articles of Confed- 
eration. 

II. Action of Congress. 

III. Constitutional Convention. 

IV. Constitution Submitted to States. 
V. Its Adoption and Ratification. 

VI. Expiration of the Confederation. 
VII. Sources of the Constitution. 

1. American experience. 

2. State experience. 

3. The British Constitution. 

4. Other sources. 

VIII. The Dual Government Provided. 
IX. Growth of the Constitution. 

CONSTITUTION. 

I. Constitution (define). 

1. Kinds, 
a. Written. 



(125) 



126 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



b. Unwritten. 

II. U. S. Constitution (define). 

1. Preamble (Memorize). 

III. Branches of Government. 

1. Legislative (Congress). 

a. Composition. 

b. Duties and Powers. 

c. Sessions. 

1. Regular 

2. Special. 

3. Length. 

d. House of Representatives. 

1. How composed. 

2. Eligibility. 

a. Age. 

b. Citizenship. 

c. Inhabitancy. 

3. Members. 

a. How apportioned. 

b. Election. 

c. Salary. 

d. Vacancies. 

e. Length of term. 

f. Name representatives 

from your state. 

4. Enumeration. 

a. When made. 

b. How made. 

5. By whom elected. 

6. Qualifications of voters. 

7. How vacancies are filled. 

8. House Powers. 

a. Concurrent. 

b. Exclusive. 

c. Inquisitorial. 

d. Elective. 

1. House officers. 

2. President of U. S. 

e. Senate. 

1. How composed. 

2. Eligibility. 

a. Age. 

b. Citizenship. 

c. Inhabitancy. 

3. Term. 

4. Salary. 

5. Election. 

6. Vacancies, how filled. 

7. Officers. 

a. Vice-President U. S. 

b. President pro-tempore. 

c. Chief Justice. 
7. Powers of. 

a. Legislative. 

b. Executive. 

1. Appointments. 

2. Treaties. 

c. Elective. 

1. Senate Officers. 

2. Vice-President of U. S. 

d. Judicial. 

2. Executive Department. 

a. In whom vested. 

b. How elected. 



c. Term. 

d. Salary. 

e. Qualifications. 

1. Citizenship. 

2. Residence. 

3. Age. 

f. How elected. 

1. Electors. 

2. Number. 

3. Proceedings. 

g. Duties and Powers. 

1. Executive. 

2. Legislative. 

3. Judicial, 
h. Vacancy. 

1. How it may occur. 

2. How filled. 

i. Vice-President (outline). 
3. Judicial Department (U. S. 
Courts). 

a. How vested. 

1. Supreme Court. 

2. Inferior Courts. 

b. Judges. 

1. How appointed. 

a. President. 

b. Senate. 

2. Number. 

3. Term. 

4. Salary. 

5. Oath of Office. 

6. How removed. 

7. Jurisdiction. 

a. Limitation. 

b. Original. 

c. Appellate. 

8. Powers. 

a. Judicial. 

b. Legislative (constitution 

ality of U. S. laws). 



State Government. 

(See Government of Nebraska by Oran ]?. 
Bowen, State Normal School and Teachers 
College, Wayne, Nebraska. This is a most 
excellent book on State Government of Ne- 
braska.) 

1. State Constitution (Preamble). 

a. Origin. 

b. Amendments. 

c. Constitutional Convention to 

revise in 1919. 

d. New Constitution. 

2. Legislative Department. 

a. Senate and House of Represen- 
tatives. 

1. Number of members. 

a. Senate. 

b. House. 

2. Sessions. 

3. Term. 

4. Salary. 

5. Qualifications. 

6. Presiding Officer. 

7. Committees. 

8. Powers and Duties. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 



127 



9. Name your Senator and 
Representative. 

10. What is a law? 

11. What is a bill? 

12. Name all steps required for 

a bill to become a law. 

3. Executive Department. 

a. Executive Officers. 

1. Governor. 

2. Lieutenant-Governor. 

b. Administrative Officers. 

1. Secretary of State. 

2. Auditor. 

3. Treasurer. 

4. Attorney General. 

5. Other Officers. 

6. Administrative Code Depart- 
ments. 

(The secretary of each of the 
following departments is ap- 
pointed by the Governor.) 

Department of Finance. 

Department of Agriculture. 

Department of Labor. 

Department of Trade and 
Commerce. 

Department of Public Wel- 
fare. 

Department of Public 
Works. 

7. Department of Education. 

a. State Superintendent. 

b. Deputy State Superintend 

ent. 

c. Assistants. 

4. Judicial Department. 

a. Supreme Court. 

1. Jurisdiction. 

2. Judges. 

a. Election. 

b. Term. 

c. Salary. 

b. District Court. 

c. County Court. 

d. Justice Court. 

e. Police Court. 

f. Juvenile Court. 

g. Probate Court. 

County Government. 

1. Officers. 

a. Supervisors or Commissioners. 

1. Number. 

2. Qualifications. 

3. Powers and Duties. 

4. Election. 

5. Term. 

6. Salary. 

b. Treasurer. 

c. Judge. 

d. Register of Deeds. 

e. County Superintendent. 

f. Sheriff. 

g. Clerk. 

h. Surveyor. 
i. Coroner, 
j. Attorney. 



k. Assessor. 

1. Give duties of officers, 
m. Give names and salary of pres- 
ent county officers. 

Township and Precinct (define). 

1. Size. 

2. Officers. 

a. Three Judges of Election. 

b. Two Clerks of Election. 

c. One Assessor. 

d. Two Justices of the Peace. 

e. Two Constables. 

f. One Clerk. 

g. One Treasurer. 

School District (define). 

1. Size. 

2. Officers. 

a. Duties and Powers. 

b. Members. 

3. School Meetings. 

4. Electors. 

a. Qualifications. 

b. Powers. 

District Organizations. 

1. Rural School District. 

2. High School District. 

3. City District. 

4. Metropolitan District. 

5. Consolidated District. 



Few Facts Worth Knowing in Civics 

(The following outline prepared by Marjorie Par- 
minter, Superintendent Pierce County, Nebraska.) 

The Constitution of the United States is 
the fundamental law which creates the 
several branches of the government and 
defines the powers entrusted to each. 

The United States has a republican form 
of government. A republican form of gov- 
ernment is one in which the people rule. 

The people rule through their chosen 
representatives: The President, the Vice- 
President, Delegates to Congress called 
Senators and Representatives, and others. 

Our government consists of three 
branches (1) Legislative, (2) Executive, 
(3) Judicial. 

In the Legislative branch is vested the 
power of making the laws of the United 
States. 

Congress, the body of men making the 
laws. 

Congress consists of two parts: The 
Senate and House of Representatives. 

Laws are made by Congress in this 
manner: 

After a bill is passed by both Houses 
of Congress, it is submitted to the Presi- 
dent for his approval. If he signs it, it 
becomes a law; if he takes no action upon 
it, it becomes a law after ten days without 
his signature; if he disapproves it, he re- 



128 



■STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



turns it to the house in which it originated 
with his objections. If the bill is then 
passed by two-thirds of the members of 
each house, it becomes a law over the 
President's veto. This is called passing a 
law over President's head or over his veto. 
Congress meets the first Monday in De- 
cember of each year at Washington, D. C. 

The Senate 

The Senate consists of two Senators from 
each state. They are elected by the people 
for a term of six years. The names of 
the two Senators from Nebraska are Geo. 
W. Norris and Gilbert M. Hitchcock. 

The Vice President of the United States 
is the presiding officer or president of the 
Senate. Calvin Coolidge is Vice President. 

Lower House of Congress— Representatives 
The House of Representatives consists 
of representatives from each state. These 
representatives are elected by a direct vote 
of the people for a term of two years. 

The number of representatives from 
each state is according to the population 
of the state. 

Each state is divided into Congressional 
districts, from each of which there is one 
representative. The population is determ- 
ined by Congress after each national 
census. 

Executive 

In the executive branch is vested the 
power of enforcing the laws through the 
civil officers of the courts and different de- 
partments of the government and if neces- 
sary, through the army and navy. 

The President is chief of the executive 
branch. 

In order to become President the re- 
quirements are as follows: 

He shall be a native born citizen of the 
United States, shall have attained the age 
of 35 and been 14 years a resident of this 
country. 

The President is elected for a term of 
four years by a number of electors from 
each state, who are chosen by the people. 

There are as- many electors as there are 
members in Congress which includes Sen- 
ators and Representatives. Nebraska then 
would have eight. 

The President is Commander-in-Chief of 
the army and navy. 

Next in office to the President is Vice- 
President, who is elected for the same 
time in the same manner as the Presi- 
dent. 

The Judicial Department 

Interprets and applies the laws. It is 
vested in a Supreme Court consisting of 
Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices 
and Inferior Courts established by Con- 
gress. 

There are 48 states which are united 



under the national government at Wash- 
ington. 

This country is called the United States 
because it is made up of certain territories 
or communities called states. We have 
learned the names of the states and cap- 
itals. 

The names of the territories, possessions 
and dependencies and capital city of each 
are as follows: 

Alaska — Juneau 

Porto Rico — San Juan 

Hawaii — Honolulu 

Philippine — Manila 

Panama — (Canal Zone) 

State Government 

Each state has a government based upon 
a constitution of its own, which must not 
conflict in ,any way with the Constitution 
of the United States. 

The State consists of three branches of 
government: (1) Legislative, (2) Exec- 
utive, (3) Judicial. 

The State Legislature makes the laws 
for the state, and consists of a Senate and 
House of Representatives. 

The number of Senators and Representa- 
tives in each State depends upon the popu- 
lation. 

Nebraska has 33 Senators and 100 Rep- 
resentatives. 

Laws are made by the State Legislature 
for the State in a manner very similar to 
those made by Congress for the United 
States. 

The Governor and members of the State 
Legislature are elected by a direct vote of 
the people. 

City Government 

The City government is a government 
entirely by the people acting through a 
Mayor and City Council chosen by the 
voters. 

The chief officer of the city is the Mayor. 
The laws of the city are called Ordinances. 
The law makers are called Aldermen or 
Councilmen. The Councilmen with the 
Mayor of a city constitute the City Council. 



Lesson I 

CIVICS 
4-8-15 

1. Why is government necessary? 

2. What is an absolute monarchy? A 
democracy? What -dangers might arise in 
each form of government? 

3. (a) Why is Congress composed of 
two houses? (b) What determines the num- 
ber of senators in Congress? The number 
of representatives? 

4. What is the chief function of Con- 
gress? What restriction on this chief 
power? 



QUESTION AXD ANSWER BOOK 



129 



5. How are vacancies in the National 
Senate filled? In the National House of 
Representatives ? 

6. What are the qualifications for presi- 
dent of the United States? 

7. Of what does the judicial department 
of the United States consist? 

8. What is the length of the term of 
office of a judge of the United States Su- 
preme Court? Why was this arrangement 
made? 

9. What is a tax? What kind of tax 
does the national government levy? The 
state? 

10. Name three county officers and the 
duties of each. 



Lesson II 

CIVICS 
5-6-15 

1. What is Civics? What is the im- 
portance of a course in Civics? 

2. (a) What is contempt of court? (b) 
Describe the writ of habeas corpus; state 
under what circumstances it is used. 

3. What is a municipality and state 
briefly its duties. 

4. What protects a citizen's personal 
and property rights? What are the two 
main divisions of the constitution of the 
United States? 

5. What are the powers of Congress? 
How do congressmen secure their positions 
and how long do they serve? 

6. State briefly some of the business 
transacted in the state legislature. Tell 
the difference between federal and state 
authority. Which has original jurisdic- 
tion? 

7. W T hat branch of government deter- 
mines the constitutionality of laws? How 
many men make up this body? 

8. Who is our president? What are his 
duties? 

9. What system of voting is generally 
used throughout the United States? What 
are its advantages? 

10. How many courts are found in a 
state? Name them. 



Lesson III 

CIVICS 
4-14-16 

1. (a) Define taxes, (b) Mention two 
kinds of taxes. 

2. What is an ex post facto law? 

3. Give arguments for or against choos- 
ing a president direct by popular vote. 



4. Give one reason why a legislature 
should consist of two bodies. 

5. Define "slander," "libel." 

6. How do the two houses of Congress 
differ as to the way in which the presid- 
ing officer is chosen? 

7. Into what three departments are the 
powers of the United States Government 
divided, and why is this division made? 

8. Define: caucus, convention, primary. 

9. Name one Democratic and one Re- 
publican candidate for Governor at the 
last state election. 

10. Show why the education of the 
masses is important in a republic. 

Lesson IV 

CIVICS 
5-5-16 

1. What are the suffrage qualifications 
in the state of Nebraska? 

2. What are the sources of revenue of 
the national government? 

3. How are United States senators 
elected? 

4. What provision does the United 
States constitution make for federal 
courts? 

5. Discuss the president's cabinet as to 
function, method of choosing, and admin- 
istrative departments under each. 

6. Name and give duties of three state 
executive officers. 

7. What two kinds of county govern- 
ment are found in Nebraska? How do 
they differ? 

8. Who is the chief executive in the city 
government? What court forms the judi- 
cial department of city government? 

9. What is meant by school land? 

10. Discuss the attitude taken by Presi- 
dent Wilson on the Mexican question. 

Lesson V 

CIVICS 
3-21-17 

1. What do you understand by govern- 
ment? 

2. Why did the government the colonies 
started under the Articles of Confedera- 
tion prove unsatisfactory? 

3. How is the law-making body of the 
United States composed? 

4. What body of men is most closely as- 
sociated with the president in his execu- 
tive duties? How many of them and how 
do they get into that position? 

5. People dread law-suits and trials, yet 
our courts are said to be excellent insti- 
tutions. Explain why. 



130 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



6. Define: tariff, internal revenue, aris- 
tocracy. 

7. State the two channels through 
which the federal government receives 
most of its revenue for paying its ex- 
penses. 

8. When will the State Legislature next 
convene? How long will the session prob- 
ably continue and what compensation will 
its members receive? 

9. Give the provision for free public- 
school libraries in Nebraska. 

10. What is the importance of the study 
of Civil Government? 



6. What relation has the discipline of 
your school to the end to be obtained by 
teaching civics? Explain. 

7. What are the legal qualifications of a 
voter in Nebraska? How often are state 
elections held in Nebraska? 

8. What are the qualifications for a 
voter at a school election in Nebraska? 

9. Name four state officers and define 
the duties of each. 

10. What should be the plan of teaching 
civics in the lower grades? 



Lesson VI 

CIVICS 
4-19-17 

1. Name the objects of the Constitution 
of the United States as set forth in the 
preamble. 

2. What is meant by "the long session" 
and "the short session" of Congress? 

3. If a vacancy occur in the United 
States Senate, how is such vacancy filled? 
If in the House of Representatives, how is 
it filled? 

4. Tell the different methods by which 
a bill may become a law in the United 
States Congress. 

5. In case of disputes concerning legal 
questions, who shall interpret the law? 

6. Give a clear illustration of direct 
taxation and one of indirect taxation. 

7. Name five of our State Institutions 
in five different towns and tell purpose of 
each. 

8. From what sources do our schools 
receive revenue for their support? 

9. What provision is made for libraries 
in our public schools? 

10. What is: martial law, maratime 
law, a writ of habeas corpus? 



Lesson VIII 

CIVICS 
4-11-18 

1. What is the form of government in 
Germany? What is there about it to which 
the United States objects? 

2. Who is Congressman from your dis- 
trict? How does he secure his office? 

3. What do we mean by Civil Service? 
Do you believe it the proper thing? Why? 

4. Name: President of United States; 
Governor of Nebraska; Commander of 
American Forces in France. 

5. What are Liberty Bonds? Thrift 
Stamps? Name three purposes for which 
the United States needs money. 

6. Name two of the National Army can- 
tonments. What is meant by a canton- 
ment? At which are most of the Nebraska 
boys? 

7. Suppose there is a law in Nebraska 
of which I do not approve. Need I obey 
it? Why? 

8. Name your county officers and give 
one duty of each. 

9. What is meant by a representative 
government? Give example. 

10. Write ten lines on why you prefer 
living in the United States to Germany. 



Lesson VII 

CIVICS 
5-10-17 

1. What is the purpose of government? 
What is our motive for teaching civics? 

2. How long is the term of a repre- 
sentative in Congress? Of a senator? Of 
a judge of the supreme court of the U. S.? 

3. What is meant by civil service? By 
diplomatic service. 

4. Describe the ordinary proceedings in 
the passage of a law in Nebraska. 

5. What classes of cities are there in 
Nebraska? Name a city of each class. 



Lesson IX 

CIVICS 
5-11-18 

1. What are some of the things that a 
citizen receives from his community? In 
what ways may a citizen contribute to the 
welfare of his community? 

2. Why is the state legislature com- 
posed of two houses? Why was a special 
meeting held in the spring of 1918? 

3. Who are the two United States Sen- 
ators from this state? 

4. In what way are voters responsible 
for the government of the country? 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 



131 



5. Why does the constitution of the 
United States require that the President 
shall be a native of the U. S.? Who is 
president and of what state is he a citizen? 

6. What are the advantages of having 
our representatives live in our own local- 
ity? Who is the representative from this 
district? 

7. What is the law in Nebraska regard- 
ing compulsory attendance at school? 

8. Who are the following: W. H. Clem- 
mons, Keith Neville, John J. Pershing, 
Herbert Hoover? 

9. What great drive is on to raise 
money to carry on the war? What was 
the income tax? What is its purpose? 

10. Write ten lines on why we should 
buy Liberty Bonds and Thrift Stamps. 

Lesson X 

CIVICS 
4-10-19 

1. Who is our president and what are 
his duties? 

2. In the state of Nebraska, what 
branches of the government exercise the 
following- powers: (a) executive, (b) leg- 
islative, (c) judicial? Who is the head 
of the executive branch of the state gov- 
ernment? 

3. For what purpose are taxes collected? 
To what county official are taxes of your 
county paid? 

4. Name four county officers and the 
chief duties of each. 

5. Name two kinds of government and 
give an example of each? 

6. Name the congressman from your 
district. How does he get his office? For 
how long a term is he elected? 

7. When will the next United States 
census be taken? What is the purpose of 
the census? 

8. The law provides the president of 
the United States with a cabinet. How 
many members constitute this cabinet? 
Name three of them and the chief duties 
of each. 

9. A recent amendment to the Nebraska 
State Constitution requires a person to be 
a citizen of* the United States before he 
can vote. Why is this desirable? 

10. Write not less than ten lines on 
"Why Government is Necessary." 

Lesson XI 

CIVICS 
5-8-19 

1. Make a list of your county officers. 
State their duties. 

2. (a) What are some of the ways in 
which you are wasteful? (b) What are 



some of the ways in which we can prevent 
waste in the home and in business? (c) 
What are some of the farmers doing to 
conserve the soil? 

3. How are the expenses of the govern- 
ment met? 

4. What is a Democracy? What is a 
Republic? What form of government have 
we? 

5. What advantage in having the repre- 
sentatives live in the locality they repre- 
sent? Who is the representative from 
this district? 

6. How are jurymen selected? What 
will debar a man from serving on the 
jury? 

7. What are the great political parties 
of today? What are some of the questions 
on which they are opposed to each other? 
Which party is in power now? 

8. Name three bills that have passed 
during this session of the Legislature. 

9. Where has our president been for 
the last few months? What part has he 
been taking in this conference? 

10. Do you think suffrage should be 
extended further? Give three reasons for 
your answer. 

Lesson XII 

CIVICS 
3-25-20 

1. Write the "Flag Salute." 

2. What is a patriotic citizen? 

3. What are some of the best ways to 
secure good government? 

4. Where has the constitutional conven- 
tion been meeting this winter? For what 
purpose? 

5. What is an amendment? Name two 
amendments to the United States Consti- 
tution recently ratified. 

6. What are the duties of the rural 
school board? 

7. What are "taxes"? Name three pub- 
lic services or institutions supported by 
taxes. 

8. Name your county offices. 

9. What is the chief duty of the presi- 
dent of the United States? Of the gov- 
ernor of Nebraska? Name these officials. 

10. How often is the census taken? Why 
is it taken? 

Lesson XIII 

CIVICS 
5-6-20 

1. Why is government necessary? 

2. Name four state offices and give one 
duty of each. 



132 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



3. How are voters responsible for good 
government? 

4. Name three public positions that are 
secured through civil service appointment. 

5. What are the duties of the state legis- 
lature? Who is the representative from 
your county? 

6. Name two rights guaranteed to the 
people by the constitution of the United 
States. 

7. What is "Mob Law"? Is it wrong? 
How may it be prevented? 

8. What do we mean by "candidate" for 
office? Name four men talked of as can- 
didates for president of the United States. 

9. When will the next general election 
occur? 

10. Make a diagram showing the sec- 
tions of a township. Write in the num- 
bers of the sections. 



Lesson XIV 

CIVICS 
4-7-21 

1. In what county, state, township, and 
school district do you live? 

2. Give the names of three of your 
county officers and the duties of each. 

3. What is the American Legion and 
who may belong to it? 

4. Give three reasons for the necessity 
of good roads. 

5. Give reasons why the school house in 
your district should be used outside of 
school hours for programmes, farmers' 
meetings and social affairs. 

6. Name and locate three institutions 
of learning in Nebraska. 

7. Give three or more duties of the 
school board of your district. 

8. Give the three divisions of our gov- 
ernment and the duties of each. 

9. Give three things that a good citizen 
will do; three that he will not do. 

10. What is a jury, poll tax, veto, asses- 
sor, alien? 

Lesson XV 

CIVICS 
5-5-21 

1. What are the duties of the school 
board? Name the school officers of your 
district and give their official title. 

2. What must a person do in order to 
be a good citizen? Who are citizens of 
the United States? 

3. What are the three departments of 
the government of the United States? 

4. Name five prominent men in the 



United States and state for what each is 
noted. 

5. Who may be president of the United 
States? Who is president? When did he 
take office? 

5. What is the chief executive of the 
state called? Who holds this position 
in Nebraska? 

7. Explain how the laws of Nebraska 
are made. 

8. Name four county officers and duties 
of each. 

9. Name two branches of the state legis- 
lature. Which is the larger house? 

10. Why are taxes necessary? What 
benefits do we derive from the money that 
we pay out as taxes? 

Lesson XVII. 

CIVICS 
4-7-22 

1. What form of government have we? 
Why is it better than other forms of 
government? 

2. Why is government necessary? Why 
should every citizen take an interest in 
his government? 

3. Name the three departments of the 
Government of the United States. What 
constitutes each? 

4. What are the qualifications required 
for the president of the United States? 

5. Name four county officers and give 
one duty of each. 

6. What benefits do we derive from the 
taxes that we pay? 

7. Name the school officers of your 
district and mention their chief duties. 

8. How may a foreigner become an 
American citizen? 

9. Name the departments in the presi- 
dent's cabinet. 

10. Name five Nebraska state executive 
offices. 



Lesson XVIII. 

CIVICS 

5-5-22 

1. Name the three departments of the 
government and give the chief duty of 
each. 

2. What body of men make laws for 
the nation? What officer is the chief ex- 
ecutive of the United States? Who now 
holds that position? 

3. Who makes the laws for the State? 
Name the two branches of this law making 
body. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 



133 



4. Who are citizens of our country? 
Who is an alien? 

5. Name with their titles three mem- 
bers of the president's cabinet. 

6. How is the expense of your school 
met in your community? Give two ways 
in which a good school benefits a com- 
munity. 

7. Where are the following Nebraska 
institutions located: University, School 
for Deaf, State School for Blind, Institute 
for Feeble Minded Youth, One State Nor- 
mal School? 



8. Name four of your county officers. 
What are the duties of each? 

9. How many United States senators 
does each state have? How are they 
chosen? Name the United States senators 
from Nebraska. 

10. Is a boy or girl who has finished 
the eighth grade any better prepared to 
be a good citizen than one who has drop- 
ped out of school before he or she reaches 
the eighth grade? Why? 



Civics Answers 



6. 



CIVICS ANSWERS 

Lesson I. 

4-8-15 

Government is necessary to secure justice to all citizens; to promote the general 
welfare, and to defend the state. Government comes into being to regulate and 
direct society. It secures to the individual by cooperation that which he cannot 
obtain for himself. 

(a) An absolute monarchy is that system of government in which the will of the 
ruler is the supreme law, there being no limitations en the exercise of his power. 

(b) A democracy is a system of government wherein the source of power is in the 
people, and the laws are framed and administered by their representatives. If the 
numbers are such that all of the people can meet and decide public questions, it is 
a pure democracy. 

(c) In an absolute monarchy the government is too often conducted for the few 
and without regard to the welfare of the people. While a free government, take 
that of the United States, is the best form for intelligent people, on the other hand, 
it is the worst form for the ignorant. An ignorant voter, with the ballot, may do 
much damage. Mexico is an example of a republic in the hands of an uneducated 
and ignorant people. 

(a) At the time of the adoption of the constitution it had been learned that the 
legislative bodies composed of two houses were able to prevent measures being 
passed that were harmful and unjust, yet such measures might be passed by a legis- 
lative body consisting of but one house. Hence, either house of our legislature 
serves as a check on the other to prevent harmful legislation. 

(b) The number of senators in congress is determined by the constitution of the 
United States. Total 96. Two from each state. 

(c) The number of members in the House of Representatives is fixed by law of 
Congress. The basis of representation at the present time is 211,877 population for 
one representative. Total in the 68th Congress, beginning December 5, 1921, was 
435. 

(a) The chief function of Congress is legislative — to make laws and to alter or re- 
peal them. 

(b) This chief power is restricted by the veto power of the President and the con- 
stitution of the United States. 

(a) W 7 hen vacancies happen in the representation of any state in the United States 
Senate, the Executive authority of such state shall issue writs of election to fill such 
vacancies. 

(b) When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the Executive 
authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. (See also Les- 
son VI., No. 3.) 

The President of the United States must be a natural born citizen, a resident of the 
country for fourteen years, and must have attained the age of thirty-five years. 



134 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

7. The judicial power of the United States is vested in a Supreme Court, United States 
Circuit Courts, Circuit Court of Appeals, District Courts, Court of Claims, Ter- 
ritorial Courts, Supreme Court of the District of Columbia and such other courts 
as are established from time to time. 

8. (a) The judges, both of the supreme and inferior courts, hold office during life or 
good behavior. 

(b) This tenure of office renders the courts of the United States independent of 
Congress and public opinion, and tends to preserve the purety and dignity of their 
decisions. 

9. (a) A tax is a portion of private property taken by the government for public 
purposes. 

(b) The national government levies indirect taxes; and direct taxes, as income tax, 
etc. 

(c) The state levies direct taxes. 
10. See Lesson VIII., No. 8. 

CIVICS ANSWERS 

Lesson II. 

5-6-15 

1. (a) The word civics is derived from the Latin word civis, meaning citizen; hence, 
civil government is the power that regulates the rights and duties of citizens toward 
each other and toward the government itself. Civics then is the science that treats 
of citizenship. 

(b) It is important to have a course in Civics in order that children may know 
the rights and duties of citizenship and to learn to perform them intelligently and 
honestly. This work cannot be left to the work given in the high schools, colleges 
and universities. The majority of the youths of the present get no education beyond 
the common school. The high school sees only a small potrion of those who enter 
the lower grades. 

2. (a) A contempt of court is an offence against the dignity, order, or authority of 
a court. 

(b) The writ of habeas corpus is a process by which a person unjustly confined by 
public officers, may sue out a writ before a judge or court, and compel those holding 
him to bring him to a speedy trial. 

3. A town or city possessed of certain privileges of local self-government, secured 
from a charter is a municipality. The city protects the lives and property of its 
citizens, safeguards the health of residents, and maintains schools and libraries, 
provides a water supply, regulates transportation, and cares for the poor. 

4. (a) A citizen's personal and property rights are protected by the constitution of 
the United States. 

(b) The two main divisions of the constitution of the United Staters are the con- 
stitution and the preamble to the constitution. 

5. (a) Some of the powers of Congress are: to lay and collect taxes, duties, imports 
and excises. To pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general 
welfare of the United States. To borrow money on the credit of the United States. 
To regulate commerce. To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and foreign 
coin, and fix the standard of weights and mesures. To establish postoffices and 
post roads. To raise and support armies. To constitute tribunals inferior to the 
Supreme Court. (For full list see U. S. Constitution.) 

(b) Congressmen secure their positions by election by the people. The U. S. 
Senators aref elected for a term of six years. The U. S. Representatives are elected 
for a term of two years. 

6. (a) The state legislature enacts laws upon a great variety of subjects. It fixes rates 
of taxation, it provides for the collection and distribution of revenue, fixes salaries 
for officers, provides for a system of popular education, and makes laws relative to 
public works, the administration of justice, the conduct of elections, the manage- 
ment of railways and other corporations, the maintenance of charitable and other 
institutions, the construction and repair of public roads, the organization of militia, 
the conduct of prisons and reformatories, and numerous other public interests, 
(b) Federal authority is that which is exercised by the United States government, 
and the state authority is that which is exercised by he states. The federal author- 
ity has original jurisdiction. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 135 

7. The Supreme Court of the U. S. determines the constitutionality of laws. This 
body is composed of one Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices. 

8. (a) Warren G. Harding is our president. 1921-1925. 

(b) He may grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the U. S. He may, 
with consent of two-thirds of the senate present at any time, make treaties with 
foreign powers, he may nominate, and by and with consent of the senate, appoint 
ambassadors, public ministers, consuls, and judges of the supreme court, and all 
other officers whose appointment is not provided by law. Before entering upon the 
duties of his office, he must take oath faithfully to execute the office of President 
and preserve, protect and defend the constitution of the United States. 

9. (a) The Australian Ballot System is generally used throughout the United States, 
(b) This is the arrangement of polling, by which compulsory secrecy of voting is 
secured, and intimidation or corruption of voters is prevented. 

10. The judicial power of the state is vested in a supreme court, district court, county 
courts, justice courts, police magistrates, and in such other courts, inferior to the 
district courts, as may be created by law for cities and incorporated towns. 

CIVICS ANSWERS 

Lesson III. 

4-14-16 
1. (a) See Lesson I., No. 9. 
(b) See Lesson I., No. 9. 

2 An ex-post facto law is one which would render an act punishable in a manner in 
which it was not punishable when committed. Or it is a law which adds a new 
punishment to a former crime. 

3. Pupil answer this question. 

4. In a legislature consisting of two houses, either house serves as a check on the 
other to prevent harmful legislation. 

5. Libel, in law, is the act of punishing malicious statements with intent to expose 
persons or institutions to public hatred, contempt, or ridicule, and thereby causing 
a breach of peace, injury to reputation, business, etc. The difference between libel 
and slander is that in libel, the statement must have been made in writing or print- 
ing, while in slander the offense is committed verbally. 

6. The House of Representatives choose their presiding officer. The Vice-President 
of the U. S. is presiding officer of the Senate. 

7. (a) The powers of the U. S. Government are divided into three departments, Legis- 
lative, Executive, and Judicial. 

(b) The functions of each branch of government are carefully marked in the con- 
stitution. The people believe that the duties of the law-making power, those of the 
law-enforcing power, and those of the law-explaining power cannot be too clearly 
separated. If the same officers could make the law, enforce the law, and explain 
the law, there would be no limit to their authority, and therefore no security to 
the people. 

8. (a) The term caucus may be applied to almost any kind of meeting of members 
of one party within a limited district. It may include those in a certain precinct, 
in a state legislature, or in Congress. 

(b) A convention is usually an assembly of persons who have been elected by 
caucuses or by other means to meet for some definite purpose. 

(c) A primary election is an election for choosing candidates for office. 

9. Pupil give candidates at last election. 

10. A nation is safe for democracy only when it is composed of educated citizens who 
think seriously and intelligently. 

CIVICS ANSWERS 

Lesson IV. 

5-5-16 
1. To be a voter in Nebraska the person must be twenty-one years old, a citizen of the 
U. S., must have resided in the state six months, in the county forty days, and in 
the pricinct ten days. 



136 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

2. The chief source of revenue in all governments is taxation. The taxes levied by the 
national government are customs, or duties, internal revenue, and income tax. 

3. See Lesson II., question No. 5. 

4. The U. S. constitution provides for one Supreme Court, and such inferior courts 
as Congress may establish. 

5. (a) There are two definite functions which the Cabinet has come to exercise: 

1. Each member is at the head of an administrative department. For the manage- 
ment of his department each Cabinet member is responsible to the President. 

2. The members, either individually or as a group, act as advisors to the President. 

(b) The members of the Cabinet are appointed by the President and confirmed by 
the Senate. 

(c) The administrative departments are the State, Treasury, War, Navy, Postal, 
Interior, Law, Agriculture, Commerce, and Labor. 

6. (a) The Governor at the close of his term of office, and whenever the legislature may 
require, gives to the legislature, information by message, of the condition of the 
state, he may call an extra session of the legislature, he appoints many executive 
officers, and has general executive power in the state. 

(b) The Secretary of State has charge of the official records and papers of the 
Governor and Legislature, is custodian of the "Great Seal of the State," supervises 
the printing and distribution of the laws and journals and keeps an account thereof. 

(c) The Railway Commissioners shall have power to regulate rates and service of 
all railroads, express companies, car freight and passenger traffic, and has power to 
examine all books of any railway company at pleasure. 

7. (a) The two kinds of county government in Nebraska are the precinct (or Com- 
missioner), and the township (or Supervisor) forms of organization. 

(b) For the commissioner system, a county is divided into three or five districts, 
from each of which is elected one commissioner. For the township system, the 
county is divided into seven or more districts, from each of which is elected one 
supervisor as a member of the county board. 

8. (a) The chief executive in the city government is the mayor. 

(b) The judicial power of the city government is vested in the city court, police 
court, or recorder's court, and the justice courts. 

9. In this state and most of the western states, sections 16 and 36 of each township 
are reserved from settlement to be sold or leased for the benefit of the public schools. 

10. From the very beginning, President Wilson insisted that the Mexicans had a right to 
settle their own problems and that the United States government ought not to wage 
war on them. 

CIVICS ANSWERS 

Lesson V. 

3-21-17 

1. The word "government" signifies that influence and power which one person or 
thing exercises over another. As used, the word "government" signifies that or- 
ganized means and power that a state or nation employs for the purpose of securing 
the rights of the people, and of perpetuating its own existence. 

2. The government under Articles of Confederation proved unsatisfactory, in the main, 
as follows: 

1. There was no president with power to enforce the laws. 

2. Congress represented the states; it did not directly represent the people. 

3. Congress had no power to regulate commerce between the states and with foreign 
countries. 

4. There was no authority to raise money with which to pay debts or to carry on 
the government. 

5. It could not raise an army for protection and when a foreign country made an 
unjust law against American trade, Congress was powerless to reply. In brief, the 
Confederation and the Country was plainly about to go to pieces. 

3. The law-making body of the United States is vested in a congress, consisting of a 
Senate and House of Representatives. 

4. (a) The members of the President's Cabinet are most closely associated with him 
in his executive duties. 

(b) There are eleven members of the President's Cabinet. They are appointed by 
the Presidnt and confirmed by the Senate. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 137 

5. No courts in the world have so great a power and importance as those of the United 
States. Yet they often fail to administer justice. Law-suits and trials are also very 
expensive. For these reasons people dread to take any kind of trouble into the 
courts. 

6. (a) Tariff is a list or table of duties or customs to be paid on goods imported or 
exported. 

(b) Revenue is the income of the government arising from taxation, duties, and 
the sale of government stocks and lands. 

(c) Internal revenue, sometimes called excise, is a tax levied upon certain articles 
produced in this country. 

(d) Aristocratic government is one in which the power to rule is vested in the 
hands of a few persons. 

7. Direct and indirect taxation. . 

8. (a) The next regular session of the State Legislature will begin at noon on the 
first Tuesday in January, 1923. 

(b) The session will probably last sixty days. For work done after sixty days the 

members receive no pay. 

'(c) The members receive $10.00 a day for sixty days and their mileage. 

9. The school board of every school district in the state of Nebraska may at its dis- 
cretion set aside annually from the general school funds the sum of ten cents per 
pupil. The amount so set aside shall be known as a district library fund. 

10. See Lesson II., No. 1. 

CIVICS ANSWERS 

Lesson VI. 

4-19-17 

1. To form a more perfect union, to establish justice, to insure domestic tranquility, to 
provide for the common defense, to promote the general welfare, to secure the bless- 
ings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity. 

2. The life of a single Congress is reckoned from March 4 of an odd year until March 
4, two years later, since the Representatives are elected for that period only. 
During the life of Congress two regular sessions are held. One known as the long 
session, begins on the first Monday of December of the odd years, and lasts until 
the houses get ready to adjourn — generally during the following spring and summer; 
The short session begins on the first Monday of December in even years, and must 
end on the next 4th of March, at noon, as the terms of its Representatives expire 
then. The session beginning December 5, 1921, was the second regular, or short 
session, of the 68th Congress. 

3. (a) If a vacancy occurs in the Senate, the governor of the State affected, is required 
to call a special election to choose a Senator for the unexpired term; except that 
the Legislature of any State may empower the Govrnor to make a temporary ap- 
pointment until the people fill the vacancy by election as the Legislature may direct. 
Before 1913, if a vacancy occurred while the Legislature was in session, the Legisla- 
ture elected for the unexpired term; if it occurrd while the Legislature was not in 

session, the Governor made a temporary appointment until the Legislature met and 
filled the vacancy. 

(b) When a vacancy occurs in the United States House of Representatives, the 
Governor of the state affected is required to call a special election for the congres- 
sional district jn which the vacancy occurs. The people of such district then, in 
special election, choose a representative to fill the vacancy for the remainder of the 
term for which his predecessor was elected. 

4. A bill may become a law in the United States Congress in three ways as follows: 

1. It may pass both houses and be signed by the President. 

2. It may pass both houses and be vetoed by the President, and pass over his veto 
by a two-thirds majority of each house. 

3. It may pass both houses, and the President may fail to sign it within ten days. 
Ten day time limit does not apply if it is the end of the session. 

5. In case of disputes concerning legal questions the courts, or the judicial branch, 
shall interpret the law. 

6. A tax is said to be direct when it is demanded from the very person who it is in- 
tended or desired shall pay it, as, for example, a poll-tax, a land or property tax, 
an income tax. It is said to be indirect when it is demanded from one person in the 



138 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

expectation and intention that he shall collect it from another; as, for example, the 
tax called customs, which are imposed on certain classes of imported goods, and 
those called excise duties, which are imposed on home manufactured or inland 
production. 

7. (a) Xt Lincoln is found the State University. This institution is for the purpose 
of advancing the educational work of the state. 

(b) At Nebraska City is found a school for the care, support, and education of the 
blind. 

(c) At Omaha is found the school for the care, support, and education of the deaf 
and dumb. 

(d) At Kearney is located the industrial school for boys, and at Geneva is located 
the industrial school for girls. When a boy or a girl, under the age of sixteen, is 
found guilty of a crime, other than murder or manslaughter, the offender is sent 
to one of these schools. 

8. The public schools receive revenue for their support from state tax, interest on 
school and saline lands sold and leased, interest on bonds, interest on state war- 
rants, game and fish liscense, discount on bonds, county fines and liscences, and dis- 
trict tax. 

9. See Lesson V., No. 9. 

10. (a) Martial law is the law by which the descipline of an army is maintained. In 
case of insurrection or rebellion, where the ordinary law is insufficient to protect 
life and property, rule by armed force is maintained and the district is said to be 
under martial law. 

(b) Maritime law is the law of the sea; relating to the affairs of the sea, such as 
seamen, ships, navigation, and the. like. 

(c) See Lesson II., No. 2. 

CIVICS ANSWERS 

Lesson VII. 

5-10-17 

1. See Lesson I., No. 1., and Lesson II., No. 1. 

2. The term of a representative is two years. That of a senator six years. That of a 
judge of the supreme court for life or good behavior. 

3. (a) Civil Service is a system of examination to test the efficiency of those wishing 
appointments under the government. 

(b) The entire business of our government with foreign governments is conducted 
through the Department of State by agents called Ministers. They are sent directly 
to the rulers of foreign countries and their service is called diplomatic service. 

4. See Lesson VI., No. 4. Except in Nebraska the Governor takes the place of the 
President in signing and vetoing bills. 

5. (a) The cities of Nebraska are divided into three classes: cities of the second class, 
cities of the first class, and metropolitan cities. 

(b) Kearney is a city of the second class, Lincoln is a city of the first class, and 
Omaha is a metropolitan city. 

6. The first step to be taken up in the study of civics is to teach the child that the 
whole theory of government depends largely upon the intelligence of the masses 
and a cheerful obedience to the laws. The discipline of the school should teach the 
child that the only natural rights any one has are the ones he uses for collective 
welfare. He should be taught that there can be no freedom in any institution ex- 
cept by obedience to those conditions or laws that are necessary for order and sys- 
tem. The discipline of the school should train for citizenship. 

7. (a) The following are the qualifications for a voter in Nebraska: 

1. Must be twenty-one years of age. 

2. Must have resided in the state six months, in the county forty days, and in the 
precinct or ward ten days. 

3. A citizen of the United States. 

(b) State elections in Nebraska are held every two years. 

8. The qualifications for a voter at a school election in Nebraska are: 

1. Citizen of the United States. 

2. Resident of the district forty days. 

3. Twenty-one years old. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 139 

4. Must ewn real estate or personal property that was assessed in the district in his 
or her name at the last annual assessment, or who has children of school age resid- 
ing in the district. 

9. See Lesson IV., No. 6. 

10. Civics in the lower grades should be taught in such a way as to stimulate in the 
pupil an interest and desire to know more about our government and a regard for 
the rights and duties of American citizenship. 

The starting point is the family, then the school, the civil district, the township, 
the county, the state, and the United States. 

CIVICS ANSWERS 

Lesson VIII. 

4-11-18 

1. In 1918 the imperial government of Germany was overthrown and the country 
adopted a republican form of government, with a president. 

2. (a) For pupil to answer. 

(b) Congressmen are elected by the people. 

3. See Lesson VII., No. 3. 

(b) Complete success has not, as yet, been reached in this matter of civil service 
reform, yet the civil service law passed in 1883 has certainly made a decided im- 
provement in retaining officers who are competent and faithful, and appointing 
such as are best fitted for the office. The corrupt practice known as the "spoils 
system" (see your History for spoils system) was looked upon by thoughtful men 
as a great evil. The establishment of the civil service commission prevents a great 
change of officials with each change of president. 

4. (a) Warren G. Harding president from 1921 to 1925. 

(b) S. R. McKelvie 1922. 

(c) John J. Pershing. 

5. (a) Liberty Bonds, a loan instituted by the United States in 1917 to raise money 
to carry on the war. In every one of the five great "Liberty Loan" campaigns, as 
the bond-selling efforts were called, the people loaned their money to help the gov- 
ernment carry on the war. 

(b) Thrift Stamps were stamps sold by the government to the people to raise money 
to carry on the war. This was another method by which the government borrowed 
money from the people. 

(c) Three purposes for which the United States needs money are: to meet the 
general expenses of the government, to pay the national debt, and to provide for 
defense and welfare. 

f>. (a) Camp Funston and Camp Dodge. 

(b) A cantonment is a place in which troops are quartered. 

(c) Most of our boys were sent to Camp Funston and Camp Dodge. 

7. When laws are made, it is the duty of every citizen to respect their authority. If 
he does not like them, he has the privilege of trying to get them changed by the 
peaceful means that are open to every citizen, but he has no right to refuse to obey 
them. If each individual is allowed to decide as to whether laws are good or bad 
all laws would be set aside. Laws exist for the purpose of securing the rights of 
the people. A man is a bad man and a bad citizen who refuses to obey the laws. 

8. County Attorney: It shall be the duty of the County Attorney, when in possession 
of sufficient evidence to warrant the belief that a person is guilty of a felony, or 
misdemeanor, to file out a complaint against that person. To appear in behalf of the 
state in all suits, and to give advice to all county officers. 

County Clerk: It shall be the duty of the County Clerk to keep a record of 
all proceedings of the county board, to make regular entries of the resolutions of the 
county board concerning the raising of money, to countersign all warrants issued 
by the board and signed by the chairman, to preserve and file all accounts acteo" 
upon by the board, and such other duties as are required by law. 
Register of Deeds: The Registerer of Deeds shall have power to take acknowledg- 
ment and administer oaths, and certify same under his hand and official seal, to keep 
and preserve all books, maps, records, and papers in his office, to keep a record of 
all deeds and mortgages, and to keep a record of all "Mechanics' Liens." 
County Treasurer: It shall be the duty of the County Treasurer to receive all 
money of the county from whatsoever source, and other money directed by law, to 



40 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

pay all warrants drawn on the county if there are sufficient funds, to*make a state- 
ment showing the amount of money in the different funds, the amount of orders paid 
and the amount of outstanding warrants, and other duties prescribed by law. 
Sheriff: It shall be the duty of the Sheriff to serve, and otherwise execute, writs 
and other legal process issued by legal authority, to have custody of county jail, 
to preserve the peace, to execute the laws, and to attend upon the district court. 
County Superintendent: It shall be the duty of the County Superintendent to visit 
schools and to give any aid the teacher may need in managing the school, to act as 
chairman of a committee to redistrict, to grant county certificates, to conduct teach- 
ers' and pupils' examinations, to see that all reports of school officers are correct, 
to change district boundaries and form new districts upon petition, to appoint a 
truant officer and assist that officer in enforcing the attendance law, to adjudicate 
the difficulties between school officers, to administer oaths, to apportion state money 
to districts, to furnish a course of study to all teachers, to furnish all supplies for 
teachers and school boards, to furnish copies of school laws to school officers, and 
other duties. 

County Judge: It shall be the duty of the county judge to keep a record of and 
have original jurisdiction in all matters of probate, settlement of estates of deceased 
persons, to appoint guardians over irresponsible persons and the settlement of their 
accounts, to have jurisdiction in criminal cases in which the punishment does not 
exceed six month's imprisonment or a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars; nor 
in civil action if the debt or sum exceeds one hundred dollars. 
County Surveyor: It shall be the duty of the County Surveyor to make all surveys 
in the county that he may be called upon to makey to be ex-offieio county engineer, 
to prepare all plans, specifications, and drawings for the county to use in advertis- 
ing, building, and repairing all county buildings, and to keep an official record of all 
proceedings. 

County Commissioners, or County Board of Supervisors: Either the County Com- 
missioners or supervisors make appropriations from the county funds, decide legal- 
ity of all bills against the county and allow the same, to allow all bills for station- 
ery for county purposes, to acquire and settle for property taken by the county for 
public use, to make an assessment of all damages, and other such business as may 
appertain to the county, and of a legislative nature. 

9. (a) A representative government is one in which the people select officers or repre- 
sentatives to act for them in the performance of public duties, 
(b) The government of the United States is called a representative government. 

.0. For the pupils to answer. 

CIVICS ANSWERS 

Lesson IX. 

5-11-18 

1. (a) A citizen receives from his community the pleasure and benefits that comes 
from association with others. The benefit of the home, the school, the church, the 
lodges, the clubs, and literary societies. All these agencies bring people together 
to consider their needs and interests, and makes the community a better place in 
which to live. 

(b) A citizen may contribute to the welfare of the community by taking an interest 
in all that tends to make that community a place of service, influence and power. 

2. (a) See Lesson I., No. 3. 

(b) Mainly for the purpose of considering war measures. 

3. The two United States Senators from Nebraska are Gilbert M. Hitchcock and 
George W. Norris. (1922). 

4. As cur government is controlled by the people, the people are responsible for the 
government. The whole machinery of the State and of the United States is in the 
hands of those who do the voting. 

5. (a) The constitution requires that the President be a natural-born citizen of the 

United States. This is a necessary restriction, when we consider the sacredness of 
the trust committed to the charge of the Executive. This retsriction prevents any 
one of foreign birth from becoming president of the United States. As a man of 
foreign birth might have interests in a foreign country, 
(b) Warren G. Harding, of Ohio. (1922.) 

6. (a) If our representative lives in our own locality he knows or should know our 
local needs. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 141 

(b) For pupil to answer. 

7. Every child in the State of Nebraska not less than seven nor more than sixteen 
years of age is required to attend school six months each year, unless such child 
has graduated from the school maintained in the district. This applies to all schools 
other than city and metropolitan city school districts. In city and metropolitan 
city schools, the child must attend the entire time such schools are in session unless 
the child has graduated from the high school maintained in the district. 

8. W. H. Clemmons, ex-State Superintendent of Nebraska; Keith Neville, Governor 
of Nebraska; John J. Pershing, Commander of the American forces in France; 
Herbert Hoover, Food Administrator during the World War. 

9. (a) The great "Liberty Loan" drive. (1918.) 

(b) The income tax is a tax levied on incomes when the income is above a certain 
amount. Its purpose is to raise revenue. 

10. There were two reasons in 1918 why we should buy Liberty Bonds and Thrift 
Stamps. 1. A desire to aid the government. 2. To form the saving habit. This 
Thrift-Saving Campaign sponsored by our government to meet and solve the na- 
tional needs, to stay the progress of thoughtless spending and to check willful 
waste, stood for good citizenship. 

CIVICS ANSWERS 

Lesson X. 

4-10-19 

1. See Lesson II., No. 8. 

2. (a) The executive branch is the law enforcing branch. 

(b) The Legislative branch is the law making branch. 

(c) The judicial branch is the law interpreting branch. 

3. (a) Taxes are levied and collected for public purposes, 
(b) County taxes are paid to the County Treasurer. 

4. See Lesson VIII., No. 8. 

5. See Lesson I., No. 2. 

6. (a) For pupil to answer. 

(b) Congressmen are elected to office. 

(c) Congressmen are elected for two years. 

7. (a) The next United States census will be taken in 1930. 

(b) The purpose of the census is to determine the number of inhabitants. 

8. See Lesson IV., No. 5. 

9. The right to vote is one of the most important and sacred rights that freemen pos- 
sess and should be exercised for the good of the country. A foreigner would hardly 
be expected to vote intelligently and for the best interest of the country. The right 
of suffrage in the United States is one of great power and value, and should not be 
given to subjects of foreign countries. 

10. See Lesson I., No. 1. 

CIVICS ANSWERS 

Lesson XI. 
5-8-19 

1. See Lesson VIII., No. 8. 

2. For pupil to answer. 

3. See Lesson IV., No. 2. 

4. (a) See Lesson I., No. 2. 

(b) A republic is a government in which the sovereign power is in the hands of 
the people, but is exercised through officials whom they elect. 

(c) We have a republican form of government. 

5. See Lesson IX., No. 6. 

6. (a) A certain number of men are summoned by the sheriff to appear before the court 
and from the number summoned the jury is chosen. 

(b) For obvious reasons, the following persons are excused from jury service: 
Members of fire department, registered pharmacists, officers of enlisted men of Na- 
tional Guards, ministers, county officers, physicians, postmasters, mail carriers, 
and others. 



142 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

7. (a) The great political parties of today are the Republican party, Democratic, and 

the Socialist. 

(b) For pupils — see History. 

(c) The republican party is in power. (1922). 

8. For the pupils. (For the 1919 see History). 

9. This refers to ex-President Wilson's trip to France in 1919. (See History.) 

10. For pupils — see History. (1919.) (This refers to the conditons before the XIX 
amendment passed.) 

CIVICS ANSWERS 

Lesson XII. 

3-25-20 

1. See Eighth Grade Examination Question Book (1921). 

2. A patriotic citizen is one who gives his undivided allegiance and support to the 
authority of his government and if necessary serve it directly. Most people think 
and talk more about their own rights than about the rights of others or their own 
duties. The "square deal" ought to be the aim of every citizen. 

3. By education and by training the people to recognize responsibilities and duties 
as well as rights, and to vote intelligently. 

4. The constitutional convention met at Lincoln in 1920 to revise the State Consti- 
tution. 

5. (a) An amendement is an act made, or proposed to be made, in a motion, bill, or 
constitution, to add to, or change it in any way. 

(b) The XVIII article of amendment to the United States Constitution forbids the 
manufacture, sale or transportation of intoxicating liquors within the United States. 
(1919.) 

(c) The XIX article of amendment gave the right of suffrage to women. (1920.) 

6. The school board in a rural school district has charge of the business of the district 
and is the legal representative thereof. The board hires the teachers and pays 
them, has general care of the school, selection and purchase of books and supplies, 
custody of school property, etc. 

7. (a) See Lesson III., No. 1. 

(b) State Teachers' Colleges, State University, and State Hospitals. 

8. See Lesson VTIL, No. 8. 

9. See Lesson VIII., No. 8; Lesson VI., No. 6; and Lesson VIII., No. 4. 
10. (a) The census is taken every ten years. 

(b) See Lesson X., No. 7. 

CIVICS ANSWERS 

Lesson XIII. 

1. See Lesson I., No. 1. 

2. (a) The auditor of public accounts is the general accounting officer of the state. 
He keeps all of the books, and official affairs of the state. Before the regular ses- 
sion of the legislature, he sends to the Governor a digested statement of the condi- 
tion of the finances, of the expenditures of the last two years, and an estimate of 
the revenue needed for the next two years, and such plans as he may form for 
diminishing the expenses, increasing the public credit and promoting the efficiency 
of the revenue system. 

(b) For duties of other officers see Lesson IV., No. 6. 

3. See Lesson IX., No. 4. 

4. Postmasters, mail clerks and carriers, clerks in departments at Washington and 
elsewhere and almost all appointees who need technical or scientific knowledge, 
must first pass an examination. 

5. (a) The duty of the state legislature is law making, 
(b) For pupils to answer. 

6. Every person has the right of trial by jury and the right to worship God according 
to the dictates of his own conscience. 

7. (a) Mob law is rule by a mob with no regard for the laws of God, the country, or 
society. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 143 

(b) Mob law is wrong and may be prevented by quick and severe action by lawful 
authority. 

8. (a) A candidate for office is a person who offers himself for an office 
(b) For pupils. See History (1920). 

9. The next general election will occur on the Tuesday after the first Monday of No- 
vember, 1924. 

10. (a) Make a rectangle six inches square. Divide this into rectangles one inch 
square. This may be used to represent a township six miles square divided into 
sections one mile square. Sections are numbered beginning in the northeast corner 
of the township, and proceeding west and east alternately until number 36 is reached. 

CIVICS ANSWERS 

Lesson XIV. 

4-7-21 

1. For pupils to answer. 

2. See Lesson VIII., No. 8. 

3. The American Legion is an organization of American veterans of the European 
war, founded in Paris, March 1918, formally recognized in St. Louis, May, 1919. 
Only soldiers of the World War may belong to the American Legion. 

4. If roads are good it costs much less in time, in energy of man and beasts, in wear 
and tear of wagons, harness, autos, and less gasoline. 

The matter is of importance to the city dweller, too; for he must use the roads, 
and he must have the farm produce for which he must pay extra for the waste of 
time and energy of the farmer. 

6. Many rural communities suffer from social monotony and stagnation. Most rural 
communities as they exist today offer few opportunities for social mingling in 
general neighborhood groups. The use of the school house for programs, farmers' 
meetings, and social affairs gives the rural people an opportunity to meet one another 
face to face, discuss matters of mutual interest, laugh, talk and enjoy a good time 
together as people need to do. This will have a tendency to make the life of the 
farmer less serious, their mental horizon less narrow. 

6. The State Teachers' College at Kearney, the State University at Lincoln, and the 
State Agricultural School at Lincoln. 

7. See Lesson XII., No. 6. 

8. See Lesson X., No. 2. 

9. (a) A good citizen Will obey the laws, meet his obligations as a citizen, use the 
privilege given him to vote, if he has that right, and use it in a thoughtful and 
careful manner. 

(b) A good citizen will not refuse to obey any law that is made, nor will he refuse 
to respect legal authority, or the rights of others. 

10. (a) A jury is a body of men selected and sworn to inquire into any matter of fact, 
and to declare the truth of it on the evidence given them. 

(b) Some states levy a tax on every male citizen over twenty-one years of age, and 
others on every voter. This is called a poll tax or capitation tax, because it is a 
certain sum on every poll or head. 

(c) A veto is the power of a governor of a state, or the President of the United 
States to refuse to sign a bill when it has passed both houses. If the bill is vefoed 
it is returned to the house in which it originated, with stated objections. 

(d) An assessor is an officer who estimates the value of all taxable "property within 
his section. 

(e) An alien is a foreign-born resident of a country who has not given allegiance 
to its government. 

CIVICS ANSWERS 

Lesson XV. 

5-5-21 

1. (a) See Lesson XII., No. 6. 
(b) For pupil to answer. 

2. (a) See Lesson XIV., No. 9. 

(b) All persons born in the United States or people who have been naturalized. 






144 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

3. See Lesson III., No. 7. 

4. (a) Warren G. Harding, President of the United States. 

(b) Woodrow Wilson, ex-President of the United States. 

(c) William H. Taft, ex-President of the United States and now Chief Justice of the 
Supreme Court of the United States. 

(d) William J. Bryan, three times candidate for President. 

(e) General John J. Pershing, Commander-in-Chief of the American Expeditionary 
Force. 

5. (a) Any natural-born citizen of the United States may become president. 

(b) Warren G. Harding. 

(c) March 4, 1921. 

6. See Lesson IV., No. 6. 

7. See text on Civics. 

8. See Lesson X., No. 4. 

9. (a) Senate and House of Representatives. 

(b) The House of Representatives is the larger. House of Representatives has 
100 members and the Senate 33 members. 

10. (a) See Lesson X., No. 3. 

CIVICS ANSWERS 

Lesson XVI. 

4-7-22 

1. (a) We have a republican form of government. 

(b) A republican form of government is the best form for an intelligent people 
because the supreme power of the state is vested in the citizens themselves, and all 
laws are made and executed by their representatives. 

2. (a) In "the bill of rights" in the constitution of Nebraska in Article I., Section 1, 
the necessity for government is given. "All persons are by nature free and in- 
dependent, and have certain inherent and inalienable rights; among these are 
life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. To secure these rights, and the protection 
of property, governments are instituted among people, deriving their just powers 
from the consent of the governed." See also Lesson I., No. 1. 

(b) In this country, government is intrusted to the whole people, and they can 
govern only by taking an active interest in the government. It is surprising to 
learn that a large proportion of voters fail to take an interest in public affairs. 
Voters who believe in good government should think about the duties of citizenship 
as well as to talk about their rights. If a citizen does not take an interest in his 
government, he has only himself to blame if the business of the government is 
badly managed. 

3. (a) The three departments of governments of the United States are the Legisla- 
tive, Executive, and Judicial. 

(b) The legislative or law-making department consists of a Senate and House of 
Representatives. The executive, or law enforcing department, is vested in the 
President of the United States. The judicial department is vested in the 
supreme court and inferior courts. See Lesson I., No. 7. 

4. The President of the United States is required to have the following qualifications: 
1. He must be a native-born citizen. 2. He must be at least thirty-five years of 
age. 3. He must have been for at least fourteen years a resident of the United 
States. See Lesson I., No. 6. 

5. See Lesson VIII., No. 8. 

6. We have a constant return for our taxes in the way of protection to life, liberty, 
and property, the enjoyment of public conveniences, education, and the general im- 
provement of society. See Lesson XII., No. 7, and Lesson XV., No. 10. 

7. Left to the individual pupil. 

8. The foreigner who wishes to become a citizen of the United States must go before 
a court and declare his intention to become a citizen and take out his first papers. 
After a period of five years has elapsed, he must take out his final papers. This 
is done during a term of some United States or State court, and in open court, by 
swearing his allegiance to the United States Government and answering certain 
questions. 

9. See Lesson X., No. 8. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 145 

10. See Lesson IV., No. 6. 

The State Treasurer shall receive and keep all money of the state, unless otherwise 
provided for; disburse public money upon warrants drawn upon the state treasury, 
keep an account of all money received and disbursed, render to the auditor a state- 
ment of all money received by himself, report to the legislature the conditions of 
the treasury. 

The Attorney General shall appear in the Supreme Court and prosecute all cases 
against the state; shall prosecute the breach of any official bonds, or contract, in 
which the state is interested, by request of either the governor, secretary of state, 
secretary of treasury, or auditor; advise county attorneys, prepare contracts, re- 
port to the legislature and other state officers; pay all state money received by him 
immediately into the state treasury, and keep a record of all proceedings in cases 
in his jurisdiction and leave a record of same for his successor. 

CIVICS ANSWERS 

Lesson XVII. 

5-5-22 

1. Legislative* — Law making. 
Executive — Law enforcing. 
Judicial — Law interpreting. 

2. (a) Congress is the law making body of the nation, 
(b) The president is the chief executive of the nation. 

• (c) Warren G. Harding is the chief executive or president, at this time. 

3. (a) The State Legislature makes laws for the state. 

(b) The two branches of this law making body are the House of Representatives 
and the Senate. 

(See "The Government of Nebraska" by Orin R. Bowen, Wayne, Nebraska.) 
(This is a most excellent book on the Government of Nebraska.) 

4. The natural born citizen is a citizen that is born of parents who are citizens of the 
United States or children of aliens subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. 
A naturalized citizen is a person who has been naturalized under the naturaliza- 
tion laws of the United States. 

An alien is a foreign-born resident of a country who has not sworn his allegiance 
to its government. 

5. See Lesson IV, No. 5. 

6. (a) See Lesson VI., No. 8. 

(b) A good school benefits a community by teaching the children to respect and 
obey their parents and teacher; teaching them to reverence and honor "OUR 
FLAG," and thus making them better citizens when they grow up to be men and 
women. 

7. University,at Lincoln. School for the Deaf, Omaha. State School for the Blind, 
Nebraska City. Institute for the Feeble Minded Youth, Beatrice. State Normal 
Schools of Nebraska, Kearney, Chadron, Wayne, and Peru. 

8. Left for the pupil. 

9. (a) Each state has two senators. 

(b) They are chosen by the people. 

(c) The United States Senators from Nebraska are, Gilbert M. Hitchcock and Geo. 
W. Norris. 

10. The boy or girl who finishes the eighth grade is better prepared to make a good 
citizen than one who has dropped out of school before reaching the eighth grade 
because he did not give up, but studied and worked until he accomplished the thing 
he started out to do, finished the eighth grade. He has increased his chances one 
hundred times to success over the boy who fails to finish. The fact that he has had 
the grit and determinatioin to finish up the eighth grade and does it, makes him a 
better citizen when he becomes a man. The boy who finishes the high school in- 
creases his chances to succeed one hundred times over the boy who stops after 
finishing the eighth grade, and the boy who finishes a college education increases 
his chances to success one hundred times over the boy who finishes only the high 
school. Only 2% of our high school graduates finish college. The boy or girl who 
finishes the eighth grade is better fitted by intelligence and education for work and 
to enjoy life and to a large extent, shape their future. Make your lives honorable, up- 
right, creditable to yourselves, your parents, and your friends, so no one may ever 
have cause for feelings of sorrow or regret in thinking of you. 



Geography Questions 



Lesson I 

GEOGRAPHY 

4-8-15 
(Answer ten) 

1. Name and locate the mountain sys- 
tems of each continent and give the direc- 
tions in which they extend. 

2. Name four of the greatest wheat 
raising countries of the world. Which of 
these do not export wheat largely? Why? 

3. What, where and for what noted is 
each of the following: London, Pekin, 
Mediterranean, Niagara, Panama? 

4. Define the following: cape, bay, es- 
tuary, promontory. 

5. Draw outline map of Nebraska, lo- 
cating capital and largest city. 

6. Name the three principal railroad 
systems of Nebraska. Locate. 

7. Give three ways in which Western 
Nebraska can be made more productive. 

8. Name three plains of South Amer- 
ica and tell for what each is noted. 

9. (a) Name two leading exports of 
the United States. Tell from what city 
each is exported, (b) Name two imports 
and from where imported. 

10. What are the principal occupations 
of the people of Australia? 

11. Give the reason why so much of 
northern Africa is desert. 

12. Draw a map of your county, locat- 
ing towns and villages. 

Lesson II 

GEOGRAPHY 
5-7-15 

1. What is a resource? An industry? 

2. Why were cattlemen opposed to the 
settlement of Nebraska? 

3. Why are cattle raised in one part 
of Nebraska and fitted for market in 
another part? 

4. Give four reasons why western and 
central Nebraska should increase in popu- 
lation. Would such development benefit 
Omaha and Lincoln? If so, how? 

5. Give location and purpose of the 
Panama Canal. 

6. Name five important exports of the 
United States. 

7. Write ten lines describing the prin- 
cipal industries and products of Australia. 

8. Define: island, peninsula, cape, 
promontory, strait. 



9. Name the leading exports of South 
America. 

10. Name countries leading in the pro- 
duction of cotton, coffee, tea, silk, wool 

Lesson III 

GEOGRAPHY 
3-9-16 

1. Define latitude and longitude, and 
explain their uses. 

2. Locate a delta, a volcano, a penin- 
sula, a glacier, a desert. 

3. How does the Dominion of Canada 
compare with the United States as to size, 
climate, natural resources and products? 

4. What are the chief river systems of 
South America? 

5. Where are the following cities: 
Madrid, Manila, Moscow, Chattanooga, 
Honolulu? 

6. What are the great waterways for 
internal navigation in the United States? 

7. From what localities of the United 
States are the following products ob 
tained: wheat, copper, lumber, cotton, iron, 
corn, tobacco? 

8. Locate the principal grain regions of 
Europe. 

9. Give location and extent of the Him- 
alaya Mountains. 

10. Draw an outline map of Nebraska, 
showing the principal river, largest city, 
the capital, the sand hills, and the three 
principal railroads. 

Lesson IV 

GEOGRAPHY 
4-14-16 

1. Draw a map of Nebraska, locating 
only the following: Platte River, Repub- 
lican River, Lincoln, Omaha. Give the 
location of your county in this map. 

2. Why is geography an important 
study? 

3. Name and locate four important 
navigable rivers of the world. 

4. Name five important cities in Eurasia 
and tell in what country each is located. 

5. What country competes with the 
United Sates in the production of wheat? 
Of iron? Of butter? Of eggs? Of cotton? 

6. In what direction does the Panama 
Canal run? What cities at the ends of the 
canal? 

7. In what part of Nebraska do we find 
artesian wells? Springs? Clear streams? 



(147) 



148 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



8. Locate five of the following: Dis- 
trict of Columbia, Philippines, Mexico, 
Cuba, London, Argentina, Volga. 

9. What and where are any five of the 
following: Lisbon, Alps, Rhine, Rio 
Grande, Omaha, Chili, Arctic. 

10. Draw a hemisphere and on it name 
and locate the five zones. 

Lesson V 

GEOGRAPHY 
5-5-16 

1. Compare rainfall and production of 
eastern and western Nebraska. 

2. Name the two chief industries of Ne- 
braska. Name our chief products. 

3. Name an important product of each 
of the following countries: Brazil, China, 
France, Ceylon, the West Indies. 

4. What is the form of government in 
the United States? In France? In Ger- 
many? In England? In Russia? In 
Mexico? In Japan? In China? In Bel- 
gium? In India? 

5. Write ten lines on position, size, 
shape, drainage and surface of Africa. 

6. Where are the following found: dia- 
monds, coal, gold, silver, iron? 

7. What three things give rise to manu- 
facturing in New England states? 

8. What and where are these: Omaha, 
Greece, Congo, Nile, Sahara, Pekin, Petro- 
grad, Fujiyama, Chili, Siberia? 

9. Write ten lines on Egypt and the 
Nile Valley. 

10. Compare Africa and South America 
in regard to extent, coast line, mountains, 
climate, rivers and productions. 

Lesson VI 

GEOGRAPHY 

3-22-17 

1. Define great circle and small circle 
with reference to the earth's surface, and 
give an illustration of each. 

2. (a) What is the latitude of the 
North Pole? (b) Where would a place 
having zero longitude be located? 

3. What are ocean currents, and how 
do they affect climate? Give one illus- 
tration. 

4. Give location and one fact of inter- 
est about each of the following: Liver- 
pool, Yukon, Himalaya, Manila, Amazon. 

5. (a) What is a river basin? (b) A 
river system? 

6. (a) Name five important cities lo- 
cated on the Mississippi, (b) Five on the 
Great Lakes. 

7 (a) Locate the five largest cities of 



Nebraska, (b) Name the five most im- 
portant interior rivers of Nebraska. 

8. Bound your county. 

9. Name one- of the principal products 
of each of the following: California, Bra- 
zil, Michigan, France, China, Japan, Ha- 
waii, Persia, Arabia, Pennsylvania. 

10. (a) Give reasons for the rapid 
growth of San Francisco since 1849. (b) 
Tell of its present condition and its future 
prospects. 



Lesson VII 

GEOGRAPHY 
4-20-17 

1. Why do not the people of the Philip- 
pine Islands have cellars under their 
houses as we do? Describe their houses 
and explain why they are built so differ- 
ently from ours, not taking into considera- 
tion the class of people there. 

2. Discuss the Philippines as to cli- 
mate, soil, productions, forests, character 
of the people. 

3. Draw a map of your county, locating 
township, towns, R. R., streams. 

4. Draw a map of Nebraska, putting in 
streams, capital, metropolis and your own 
county seat. 

5. Name and locate the different divis- 
ions of time in the U. S. 

6. Discuss the reasons for the present 
prices of wheat and corn as compared 
with the prices five years ago. 

7. Make a list of farm products com 
mon to S. A. and U. S. Name some prod- 
ucts that are extensively raised in one 
and not in the other. 

8. Give several reasons why South 
America has not developed as rapidly as 
the United States. 

.9. Is it an advantage or a disadvantage 
to South America that it is divided into so 
many more countries than the United 
States? Why? 

10. Locate the arid sections of both 
North America and South America and 
give reasons for lack of rain. 



Lesson VIII 

GEOGRAPHY 

5-11-17 
(Answer ten) 

1. What generally is the surface of Ne- 
braska? Where are the highest and low- 
est sections? 

. 2. What is the chief product of the 
southern states? The chief industry? 
(Discuss these two topics.) 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 



149 



3. What is Eurasia? Name four riv- 
ers in Eurasia and tell in what direction 
they flow. 

4. Name the largest city in Europe; in 
the United States. Tell two things of im- 
portance about each of these cities. 

5. What form of government has Ger- 
many, England, France, Sweden, Russia? 

6. Why do the people of Europe come 
to the United States and become citizens 
of this country? What nations are repre- 
sented in our country? 

7. Name two things we eat or drink 
which we import from Asia. What do we 
export to Europe? What do we import 
from Europe? 

8. What are exports? Imports? 

9. What constitutes a good harbor? Tell 
where some good harbors are found in 
America. Why has Australia so few good 
harbors? 

10. The Middle Atlantic States do a 
great deal of manufacturing. Why do 
they not farm? Name five articles manu- 
factured. 

11. Name and locate the important riv- 
ers of Nebraska in the order of their size. 

12. Where is the loess region in Ne- 
braska? The sandhill region? 



Lesson IX 

GEOGRAPHY 
4-12-18 

1. Name the five leading countries of 
Europe and give the capital of each. 

2. How has the present war affected the 
industries of the United States? 

3. Define and give example of (a) 
Peninsula; (b) Strait; (c) Cape; (d) Is- 
land. 

4. Name and locate three important 
mountain systems in the world. 

5. Name the zones and give reasons for 
their boundaries. 

6. What are ocean currents, and how do 
they affect climate? Give one illustration. 

7. Name three types of government. 
Give an example of each. 

8. Into what topographic regions is the 
surface of Nebraska divided? 

9. Bound Nebraska by States. By Lati- 
tude. By Longitude. 

10. Draw an outline map of Nebraska, 
locating principal rivers, five largest cities, 
indicating the' metropolis and capital and 
locating your county and county seat. 



Lesson X 

GEOGRAPHY 
5-10-18 

1. Draw a map of Nebraska and locate 
the following therein: 

a. Platte, Republican, Niobrara rivers. 

b. Omaha, Lincoln, Grand Island, Mc- 

Cook, Alliance. 

c. Bound Nebraska by states, by lati- 

tude, by longitude. 

d. How many counties are in the state 

of Nebraska? 

e. Name three railroads in Nebraska. 

2. Describe the climate of Nebraska, the 
soil, the surface slope. 

3. Name one or more natural resources 
of Nebraska. 

4. Name the leading industry of Nebras- 
ka. Name three other industries. Name 
the main products of the industries you 
have named. 

5. State definitely what causes the dif- 
ferent seasons of the year. 

6. What is a glacier, canyon, geyser, 
desert, an iceberg, a mountain, river, val- 
ley, lake, gulf, cape, an island? 

7. Locate and describe as fully as you 
can the Panama canal. 

8. How many states in the United States 
of America? Name ten and give the cap- 
ital city of each. 

9. Name and locate three important 
mountain systems of the world. 

10. Why is a study of geography im- 
portant? 

Lesson XI 

GEOGRAPHY 
4-11-19 

1. Why is the study of geography im- 
portant? 

2. Compare South America and North 
America in production and commerce. 

3. Name the form of government in the 
following: United States, England, France, 
Japan, Mexico. Which is the better and 
why? 

4. Where are the following found in 
the United States: coal, wheat, iron, gold 
and lumber? 

5. Why do the New England states have 
manufacture and we agriculture? 

6. Name two products of the United 
States we export in large quantities and 
two products we import in large quantities. 

7. Why have so many people come from 
foreign countries to the United States to 
live and so few leave the United States? 
Give two or more reasons. 

8. Why are cattle raised in one part of 
Nebraska and fitted for market in another 



150 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



part? Tell in which part they are raised 
and in which part they are fitted for mar- 
ket. 

9. Name three possessions of the 
United States and give one product of 
each of two of them. 

10. Name and locate two mountain sys- 
tems in the U. S. Name three products 
of each system. 

Lesson XII 

GEOGRAPHY 

5-9-19 

1. Bound Nebraska. Name and locate 
three cities, two rivers, and two railroads 
in Nebraska. 

2. Name and locate three main topo- 
graphical regions of Nebraska and give 
products of each. Name three important 
industries of this state. 

3. Give latitude and longitude of the 
United States. Name the waters that touch 
it and describe its climate. 

4. Locate the wheat, corn, cotton, to- 
bacco, sugar, lumber, coal, iron and cattle 
producing regions of the United States. 

5. Name four important seaports in 
United States, two in South America, one 
in Australia, three in Asia and five in 
Europe. 

6. Define: axis of earth, the poles, lati- 
tude, longitude, equator, tropics, arctic cir- 
cle, and prime meridian. 

7. Name the seasons of the year and 
tell what causes them. What causes day 
and night? 

8. Name the oceans and continents in 
the order of their size. 

9. Name three principal products in the 
torrid zone, five in the temperate and 
three in the frigid zone. 

10. Name and locate four great moun- 
tain systems and six important river sys- 
tems of the world. 

11. Name and locate four cantonments 
of the United States and tell how the men 
were selected and cared for in these camps. 

12. Name and locate three cities, two 
rivers and two battle grounds of impor- 
tance in the war which is just closing. 

Lesson XIII 

GEOGRAPHY 
3-26-20 

1. Draw a map of Nebraska. Indicate 
and name four important rivers. 

2. Name the chief industry of Nebraska. 
Name five products of this industry. 

3. Locate the following regions in Ne- 
braska: Sand Hills, Loess, High Plains, 
Bad Lands. 



4. Name three important resources and 
three important industries of Nebraska. 

5. Define: cape, plateau, erosion, longi- 
tude, import. 

6. Where in the United States are the 
great oil wells? What are the principal 
products made from petroleum? 

7. Name and locate five large seaports. 

8. Name and locate the zones and give 
the general climate of each. 

9. Name two wheat producing states; 
two cotton producing states; two manufac- 
turing states; two lumber producing states; 
two ore producing states. 

10. Name and locate three groups of 
islands owned by the United States. Of 
what value are they to us? 

Lesson XIV 

GEOGRAPHY 

5-7-20 

1. Draw an outline map of Nebraska 
showing the location of four important 
rivers. 

2. Briefly describe the different seasons 
in Nebraska. 

3. Name and locate five great river 
systems of the world. 

4. Name the six continents or grand di- 
visions in order of their size. 

5. Locate two great mining regions of 
the world; two farming regions; two fish- 
ing regions; two manufacturing regions. 

6. What is the leading industry of the 
New England States? The Southern States? 
The Central States? The Rocky Mountain 
States? The Pacific Coast States? 

7. Name and locate five great distribut- 
ing centers of the United States. 

8. What products are received from 
South American countries? What are sent 
to South American countries? 

9. Define: oasis, source, ore, sediment, 
glacier. 

10. What and where are the following: 
Canal Zone, Gibraltar, Vancouver, Duluth, 
Yosemite? 

Lesson XV 

GEOGRAPHY 

4-8-21 

1. Draw an outline map of Nebraska 
and locate four important rivers, and three 
cities. 

2. Compare the rainfall and production 
of eastern and western Nebraska. 

3. (a) Name two leading exports of 
the United States. Prom what parts of the 
United States do they come? 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 



151 



(b) Name two imports of the United 
States and tell from what countries they 
come. 

4. Locate the following and tell what 
it is: London, Pekin, Mediterranean, Ni- 
agara, Alps, Amazon, Manila, Suez, Sahara, 
Nile. 

5. Name the five chief countries of 
Europe and some of the principal indus- 
tries of each. 

6. Draw an outline map of your county 
locating and naming the principal towns 
and cities, streams, and railroads. 

7. Name six New England states. Why 
is there so much manufacturing carried 
on in New England? 

8. Mention on* state of the United 
States producing large quantities of each 
of the following articles: copper, oil, cane 
sugar, coal, wheat. 

9. Make a drawing of the earth, show- 
ing the different zones and naming the 
circles that form their boundaries. 

10. Bound the United States. 

Lesson XVI 

GEOGRAPHY 

5-6-21 

1. Name and locate five state institu- 
tions in Nebraska. 

2. Draw an outline map of Nebraska. 
Bound it and locate the capital, the me- 
tropolis, the town in which you live, and 
the two important rivers. 

3. Name the continents in order of their 
size. Name the oceans in order of their 
size. 

4. Name five leading industries and tell 
in what part of the United States each one 
is carried on. 

5. Locate the following and tell what 
each is: New York, Panama, Andes, Miss- 
issippi, Paris, Hawaii, Washington, D. C, 
Ontario, Lincoln, Madrid. 

6. What is geography? Why is the 
study of geography important? 

7. Write definitions for the following: 
axis of the earth, latitude, longitude, trop- 
ics, prime meridian. 

8. Locate the following: the Bad Lands, 
the Niagara Falls, one oil region, one cop- 
per region, one lumber region of the United 
States. 

9. Compare the climate of Mexico with 
that of the United States. Compare the 
climate of Canada with that of the United 
States. 

10. Name two large rivers that flow 
into the Arctic Ocean; two that flow into 
the Atlantic Ocean, and two that flow into 
the Pacific Ocean. 



Lesson XVII. 

GEOGRAPHY 

4-7-22 

1. Prom what localities of the United 
States are the following productes ob- 
tained: wheat, copper, lumber, cotton, 
iron, corn, tobacco? 

2. Draw a map of your county, locat- 
ing towns, rivers, and railroads. 

3. Draw a map of Nebraska, locating 
your county, the capital, and metropolis 
of your state. 

4. What form of government has Ger- 
many, England, Russia, France, and the 
United States? 

5. What and where is Liverpool, Pana- 
ma, Volga, Yosemite, Pekin? 

6. Name the continents in order of 
their size. Name the oceans in order of 
their size. 

7. Name the Great Lakes and name 
and locate three large cities on these 
Lakes. 

8. Of what benefit to you is the study 
of geography and in what way can you 
use this knowledge? 

9. Make a drawing of the earth, show- 
ing the different zones and naming the 
circles that form their boundaries. 

10. Why do the people of Europe come 
to the United States and become citizens 
of this country? Name six nations repre- 
sented here. 



Lesson XVIII. 

GEOGRAPHY 

5-5-22 

1. Discuss briefly the importance of 
studying geography. 

2. Draw a map of your county locat- 
ing cities, villages and railroads. 

3. (a) Bound, your county by counties, 
(b) Bound Nebraska by states. 

4. What natural conditions have-helped 
to build each of the following cities: Chi- 
cago, San Francisco, New York, New Or- 
leans, Omaha? 

5. Compare the Loess Region of Ne- 
braska with the Sand Hill Region as to 
soil, climate, crop conditions, population. 

6. Name two large rivers of Asia, two 
of South America, two of Europe, two of. 
Africa, and two of the United States. 

7. What and where are these: Panama, 
Greece, Congo, Pekin, Sahara, Chili, Pet- 
rograd, Niagara, Siberia, Himalaya? 

8. Name an important product of each 



152 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

of these countries: Brazil, China, Aus- 10. Name two wheat producing states 

tralia, Ceylon, West Indies. in the United States, two cotton produc- 

9. Draw a hemisphere and on it locate ing states, two manufacturing states, two 

and name the zones, circles that bound lumber producing states, two ore produc- 

the zones, and tell the climate of each ing states. 
zone. 



Geography Answers 

GEOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson I. 

4-8-15 

1. In North America two mountain ranges extend lengthwise of the continent. The 
Appalachian range is in the eastern part. The Rocky Mountains are in the west- 
ern part of North America. In South America, the Andes Mountains extend 
lengthwise of the continent along the western coast. The greatest mountains of 
Europe are in the southern part, extending across the continent. The most prin- 
cipal ranges are the Pyrennes, Alps, and Carpathian. The greatest mountains of 
Asia are the Himalaya, in the central part of the continent, extending east and 
west. The Atlas Mountains extend through northern Africa from the Atlantic 
Ocean to the eastern part of Tunis. The greatest and highest mountain system 
in Australia is the Great Divide Range, which follows the eastern coast. The 
southern part of this range is often called the Australian Alps. 

2. Four of the largest wheat raising countries of the world are the following with 
percentage of the world crop: United States 21%, Russia 11%, India 9%, France 
7%, Canada 6%. 

Russia, India and France do not export wheat largely because of home consump- 
tion. 

3. London is the capital of Great Britian and of the British Empire, and is the 
largest city of the Old World. It is located on the Thames River about fifty miles 
from its mouth. 

Pekin is the capital of China. It is located in the northern part of the country. 

The Mediterranean Sea is between Europe and Africa forming an excellent water 

route> for these countries. 

Niagara Falls is in the Niagara River between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. It 

is noted for its water power. 

Panama Canal is in Panama, Central America. It is a noted trade route. 

4. A point of land extending into the water is a cape. 
A body of water nearly surrounded by land is a bay. 

An estuary is the wide mouth of a river opening out so as to form an arm of 

the sea. 

A promontory is a high point of land projecting into the sea. 

5. Left for the pupil. . 

6. The Union Pacific follows the Platte Valley across Nebraska. 

The Burlington system has three main lines crossing Nebraska, one from Kansas 
City to Denver, one from Chicago to Denver, and one from Kansas City to Bil- 
lings, Montana. 

One railroad of the Rock Island lines, extending from Chicago to Denver, passes 
through Omaha and Lincoln. 

7. Western Nebraska can be made more productive in the three following ways: 
Irrigation, more drought resisting crops, and better transportation facilities. 

8. The Llanos are noted for their prairies or grasslands. The Silvas are noted for 
luxuriant forests. The Pampas are grassy plains. 

9. Cotton is exported chiefly from the cities of Savannah and Charleston on the 
Atlantic coast. 

Petroleum is exported from Philadelphia and New York. 
Coffee is imported from Brazil, sugar from Cuba. 

10. Agriculture and grazing are the main occupations of Australia. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 153 

11. The reason that so much of northern Africa is desert is because the mountains 
on the east prevent the east winds which blow over the Indian Ocean from reaching 
the interior of Africa. The Sahara is too far north to be reached by the torrid 
rain belt. It is too far south to receive rains from the winds of cool zones. The 
east winds blow there nearly all the year, but they come over dry western Asia. 
As such winds move over a still hotter region they cannot give out rain but tend to 
take up what little moisture they find. Thus the region remains barren. 

12. Left for the pupil. 



GEOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson II. 

5-7-15 

1. (a) Anything that can be turned into money is a resource. Or, That to which 
one resorts for supply or support is a resource. 

(b) Any branch of art or business is an industry. 

2. Cattlemen were opposed to the settlement of Nebraska because it then became 
necessary to fence their ranches, have smaller ranches, and confine their cattle 
to land belonging to them instead of letting the cattle rustle as was usually cus- 
tomary before the state was thickly settled. 

3. More land is left in the grassy state in western Nebraska, hence cattle are raised 
in that part of the state upon the grassy lands. Eastern Nebraska is the grain 
region of the state. The cattle are shipped to the corn belt and there fattened 
for the market. 

4. (a) Western and central Nebraska should increase in population for the four following 
reasons: 1st, more land is now under irrigation. 2nd, many drought resisting 
crops are beneficially raised in this part of the state, such as alfalfa, etc. 3rd, 
more railroads are built which afford means of delivering produce to market quickly. 
4th, better roads are being built, which make transportation easier. 

(b) Such development would benefit Omaha and Lincoln by increasing the trade 
at these centers. 

5. The Panama Canal cuts across the Ithmus of Panama from the Atlantic Ocean 
to the Pacific Ocean. The Canal Zone is ten miles wide. The canal runs through 
the middle of this strip of land. The Panama Canal makes it much easier for 
vessels from the Atlantic and Gulf ports to reach our Pacific ports, as well as 
those of Asia and western South America. It saves 8,000 miles in the voyage 
from New York to San Francisco. 

6. Five important exports of the United States are cotton, coal, tobacco, petroleum 
and lumber. 

7. Agriculture and grazing are the main occupations in Australia. This is because 
of the broad plains suited for fields and pastures. The principal grain is wheat. 
Much fruit is raised, especially grapes, and much wine is made. In Queensland 
sugar cane is the leading product. Australia sends to the world's market more 
wool than any other country. Cattle are also raised, and hides, tallow, butter, 
and frozen beef as well as frozen mutton, are shipped to Great Britian. Gold, 
silver, lead, copper, tin, and coal are found. Manufacturing has not yet been ex- 
tensively developed. 

8. Small bodies of land that are surrounded by water are called islands. 

A body of land that reaches out into the water and is almost surrounded by water 

is called a peninsula. 

A point of land extending into the water is a cape. 

A promontory, see Lesson I., No. 4. 

A narrow passage of water that connects two larger bodies of water is called a 

strait. 

9. The leading exports of South America are coffee, sugar, tobacco, rubber, and 
cinchona. 

10. United States produces 65% of the world's production of cotton. 
Brazil produces 63% of the world's export of coffee. 
India produces 35% of the world's export of tea. 
Japan produces 50% of world's production of silk. 
Australia produces 30% of world's export of wool. 



154 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

GEOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson III. 

3-9-16 

1. The distance in degrees north or south from the equator is latitude. The distance 
east or west from any line is longitude. The chosen prime meridian most com- 
monly used is marked 0° passing through Greenwich. 

They are used for the location of places on the earth's surface. 

2. At the mouth of the Nile River in northeastern Africa is the delta of the Nile. 
Mt. Vesuvius is near Naples on the south western coast of Italy. 

Italy is a peninsula extending from the southern coast of Europe into the Medi- 
terranean Sea. 

In Switzerland in the Alps are glaciers that are visited by thousands of tourists 
every year. 
Sahara desert is in northern Africa. 

3. Canada contains about 600,000 square miles more territory than United States. 
The climate of United States is much more temperate than that of Canada.. 
United States exceeds Canada greatly in natural resources. Canada's chief pro- 
ducts are wheat, oats, animals, and animal products. United States' chief pro- 
ducts are cereals, cotton, minerals, animals, food products, iron and steel goods. 

4. Orinoco, Amazon, Plata Rivers are the chief river systems of South America. 

5. Madrid is in the east central part of Spain. 
Moscow is in the central part of Russia. 
Chattanooga is in the southeastern part of Tennessee. 
Honolulu is a city on the Hawaii Islands. 

Manila is a city in Philippine Islands. 

6. The Mississippi River, Erie Canal, Great Lakes, Columbia River, Hudson River, 
Missouri River, Ohio River, and the St. Lawrence River are the great waterways 
of the United States. 

7. Kansas, North Dakota, Illinois, Minnesota, Nebraska and South Dakota are the 
leading wheat states. 

Arizona, Montana, Michigan, Utah, Alaska, and Nevada are the leading copper 

producing states. 

Lumber is obtained from Washington, Oregon, California, Montana, Michigan, 

and Maine. Lumber is found in most all the southeastern states. 

The leading cotton producing states are Texas, Georgia, Alabama, South Carolina, 

and Mississippi. 

States leading in the production of iron are Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, New 

York, Minnesota, Michigan, and Alabama. 

The leading corn growing states are Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska, Indiana, Missouri, 

Ohio, Texas, and Kansas. 

Tobacco is grown in Kentucky, North Carolina, Virginia, Ohio, and Tennessee. 

8. The principal grain raising region of Europe is the southern half of the country 
where wheat, corn, and rice are grown. 

9. The Himalaya range is a chain of snowy mountains in Asia, the most elevated on 
the earth, which separate the Indian Peninsula from the plateau of Tibet; they 
lie between the 72d and 96th degrees of E. long., or between the Indus on the west 
and the Brahmaputra on the east; length about 1500 miles, average breadth 
about 180 miles. The direction of the Himalaya range from the Indus is for a 
great part of its length from northwest to southeast, after which it curves grad- 
usually to the east or northeast. 

10. Left for the pupil. 

GEOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson IV. 

4-14-16 

1. Left for the pupil. 

2. Geography is an important study because it teaches of the earth and the way men 
work and live. 

3. The Mississippi-Missouri in central United States flowing into the Gulf of Mexico. 
The Amazon in north central South America flows into the Atlantic Ocean. 



QUESTION AXD ANSWER BOOK 155 

Columbia in the northwestern part of the United States flows into the Pacific 

Ocean. 

The Nile in the northeastern part of Africa is navigable for hundreds of miles. 

4. Shanghai is in China, Paris in France, London in England, Rome in Italy, Yoko 
hama in Japan. 

5. Russia competes with the United States in the production of wheat. 

Great Britain competes with the United States in the production of iron. 
Denmark competes with the United States in he producion of butter. 
China competes with the United States in the production of eggs. 
India competes with the United States in the production of cotton. 

6. The Atlantic end of the canal is farther west than the Pacific end, so that a ship 
sails southeast in passing from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Colon is near the 
Atlantic end of the canal, while Panama is near the Pacific end of the canal. 

7. Artesian wells are found in the northeastern part of Nebraska, and around Lin- 
coln there are a few shallow wells. 

Springs are more numerous in western Nebraska. Clear streams are found in the 
sandy regions of the state. 

8. Between Virginia and Maryland is the District of Columbia, containing the na- 
tional capital. 

The Philippine Islands are southeast of China, and lie between 4° and 22° north 

latitude. They are separated from the mainland of Asia by the South China Sea. 

The republic of Mexico extends from the United States on the north to Central 

America on the southeast. It includes the peninsula of Lower California. 

Cuba is an island southeast of Florida. 

London is the capital of Great Britain and is located on the Thames river fifty 

miles from its mouth. 

Argentina is more than 2,000 miles long from the border of Bolivia to Tierra del 

Fuego. On the west it rises to the crest of the Andes mountains, and on the east 

is bounded by Paraguay, Brazil, Uruguay, and the Atlantic Ocean. 

Volga River drains all of central Russia and flows into the Caspian Sea. 

9. Lisbon, the capital of Portugal, is on the western coast of that country. 
The Alps are mountains in southern Europe. 

The Rhine is a river in Germany which flows into the North Sea. 
Rio Grande is a river between United States and Mexico which flows into the 
Gulf of Mexico. 

Omaha is a city of Nebraska in the eastern part on the Missouri River. 
Chili is a country in the southwestern part of South America. 
Arctic Ocean is north of North America. 
10. Left for the pupil. 

GEOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson V. 

5-5-16 

1. The western counties have an annual rainfall of 15 to 20 inches and the south- 
eastern counties about 30 inches, this being greatest in the southeastern counties 
and decreasing gradually to the north and west. This unequal distribution of 
rainfall very noticeably influences the distribution of plants and animals, and also 
has a strong control over the agricultural development of the state. The eastern 
part of the state is devoted to grains while the western raises live stock and some 
wheat. 

2. The two chief industries of Nebraska are agriculture and stock raising. Our chief 
agriculture products are grains and potatoes. Leading animal products are catttle, 
horses, mules, swine, and sheep. 

3. Brazil, coffee; China, silk; France, textiles; Ceylon, rice, rubber; West Indies, 
coffee, tobacco. 

4. United States has a republican form of government; France, a republic; Germany, 
a republic; England, a constitutional monarchy; Russia under control of the ex- 
treme radical party; Mexico, a republic; Japan, a constitutional monarchy; China, 
a republic; Belgium, a kingdom; India is an empire under British control. 

5. Africa is a triangular shaped continent south of Europe. Africa is three times as 
large as Europe, and yet it has a shorter coast line. The outline is very regular. 



156 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

Around the whole continent there is a narrow lowland, which in many parts is 
hot and unhealthful. Back of this low coast strip the surface rises, and becomes 
a plateau over most of the continent. All the great rivers descend from the up- 
land to the coastal lowlands by a series of rapids or falls. Above the falls the 
rivers are navigable. There are only four great rivers in Africa, the longest of 
these is the Nile. Africa has fewer high mountains than any other continent ex- 
cept Australia. 

6. At Kimberly in the Cape of Good Hope, are the largest diamond mines in the 
world. Coal is found in the United States, Great Britain, Germany, Russia, and 
France. Gold is found in Africa, United States, Australia, Canada, India, and 
Mexico. Silver is found in United States, Mexico, Canada, Peru, and Japan. 

Iron is found in United States, Great Britain, Germany, France, Russia, Czecho- 
slovakia, and Belgium. 

7. (1) There is much water power, the cheapest of power man uses. 

(2) New England is on the sea border, and has good harbors and extensive rail- 
road systems. It can readily get the raw materials it needs, such as cotton, leather, 
etc., and can readily send its goods to market. 

(3) The invention of machinery accounts for the growth of manufactories, not only 
in New England, but also in other regions. 

8. Omaha. See Lesson IV., question 9. 

Greece is a country in southern Europe. Kongo is a river in western Africa. 
Nile is a river in northeastern Africa. Sahara desert is in north central Africa. 
Pekin is a city in eastern China. Petrograd is the capital of Russia in the west- 
ern part on the Gulf of Finland. 
Fujiyama is a volcano in the Japan Islands. 
Chili. See Lesson IV., question 9. 
Siberia is a country in northern Asia. 

9. Egypt is more than twice as large as the British Isles, but most of it is a desert 
like the Sahara. The Nile flows through it from south to north, and for thousands 
of years the people have lifted or pumped the water out of the flood plain and 
the great delta at its northern end. About 12,000 square miles are thus cultivated 
and this area is the real Egypt. When the rains come along the upper Nile, and 
particularly in the Plateau of Abyssinia, the river rises many feet and floods the 
lowlands, giving them water and leaving a cover of fine, rich soil Two or three 
crops are raised each year. 

10. South America contains 6,856,000 square miles while Africa contains 11,514,00 
square miles. Both continents lie in the Torrid and South Temperate zones. The 
coast line of each continent is very regular, however, South America has the 
more good harbors. South America has the Andes Mountains along the western 
coast and the Brazilian range on the eastern coast. A low land extends between 
the two ranges. Africa has the Atlas Mountains in the northwestern part of the 
continent. Most of the interior of Africa is a plateau. The Trade winds from the 
north and east cool the Torrid Zone also causing more rainfall in South America 
than Africa. South America has three large rivers, Africa has four. Wheat, corn, 
wool, hides, beef, and dairy products, rubber, cabinet woods, dyewoods, tropical 
fruits, coffee, silver, gold, and copper are the chief products of South America. 
Gold, diamonds, cotton, wheat, corn, ivory, cork, and tropical fruits are the pro- 
ducts of Africa. 

4 

GEOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson VI. 

3-22-17 

1. The great circle is the imaginary line running around the earth half way between 
the poles called the equator. 

Parallel lines to the great circle as the Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn are known 
as the smaller circles. 

2. (a) The latitude of the North Pole is 90° N. 

(b) A place having zero longitude would be located on the Prime Meridian. 

3. Moving masses of surface water are called ocean currents. If the current is flowing 
from cold waters then the climate of the country it passes is cooled. If the current 
is flowing from a warm body of water the climate of the countries that it passes is 
warmed. As in the case of the Gulf Stream. It flows from warm equatorial waters 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 157 

north warming the eastern coast of United States, then across the Atlantic Ocean 
past the British Isles modifying the climate. 

4. Liverpool is on the western coast of England. It is the chief seaport. 

Yukon River is in Alaska. The delta of the Yukon is a flat area of 9,000 square miles. 

Himalaya Mountains are in south central Asia. They are the loftiest mountains of 

the world. 

Manila is a chief seaport of the Philippine Islands. 

Amazon is the largest river in the world. It is in central South America. 

5. (a) The land drained by a river system is a river basin. 

(b) The main stream with all its tributaries is called a river system. 

6. (a) New Orleans, Baton Rouge, Memphis, St. Louis, Kansas City, 
(b) Milwaukee, Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Buffalo. 

7. (a) Omaha is in the eastern part of Nebraska on the Missouri River. 
Lincoln is in the southeastern part on Salt Creek. 

Grand Island is in the southcentral part on the Platte River. 
Hastings is in the southern part south of Grand Island. 
North Platte is in the west central part of Nebraska on the Platte River, 
(b) Platte, Niobrara, Republican, Big Blue, Elkhorn. 

8. Left for the pupil. 

9. California, fruit; Brazil, rubber; Michigan, iron; France, wine; China, tea; 
Japan, cotton and silk goods; Hawaii, sugar; Persia, rugs; Arabia, coffee, dates; 
Pennsylvania, coal and iron. 

10. (a) The finding of gold, a good harbor, large trade center, much foreign commerce 
and the California climate has caused San Francisco to increase in population since 
1849. 

(b) San Francisco stands upon a peninsula between the Pacific Ocean and San 
Francisco Bay. Its harbor reaches through the Golden Gate. This harbor helped 
to make the city the leading industrial and commercial center of the state. Several 
transcontinental railroads connect San Francisco with the Plateau States and with 
the eastern part of the United Staes. The harbor is one of he best in United States 
and the foreign trade is large. 



GEOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson VII. 

4-20-17 

1. On account of the immense rainfall, cellars cannot be dug in the Philippines. Be- 
cause of the dampness, houses are raised above the ground and the roads and trails 
are often impassable. 

2. The land is hilly and in many sections mountainous. The temperature is warm, 
the rainfall heavy. The soil is rich and deep, and there are dense forests of valu- 
able wood. Sugar, coffee, rice, tobacco, and hemp are raised. The population num- 
bers 10,000,000. Most of them are natives, but there are some Chinese, Americans, 
and Europeans. Schools have been established. American teachers have been sent 
there and native teachers have been trained for the work. 

3. Left for the pupil. 

4. Left for the pupil. 

5. Eastern time extends from the Atlantic Ocean to an irregular line from Detroit 
south to Apalachicola, Florida. Meridian 83° W. longitude. Central time begins 
about 83° W. longitude and extends to about 100° W. longitude. Mountain time 
begins about 100° W. longitude and extends in an irregular line near 112° and 115° 
W. longitude. Pacific time begins here and continues to the coast, or the Pacific 
Ocean. 

6. Answers omitted. 

7. Products common to United States and South America are wheat, corn, vegetables, 
fruit, dairy products, cattle, horses, tobacco, cotton, sugar, flax, and sheep. 

Coffee is more extensively raised in South America, swine, alfalfa, and rice in the 
United States. 

8. South America does not have as irregular a coast line as United States which is 
necessary for good harbors. The climate is not as beneficial over all the country 



158 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

for healthful conditions as in the United States. The people are not as progressive 
as in the United States. 

9. It is an advantage to South America to be divided into so many countries because of 
the different climatic conditions that exist in the different parts of the country. This 
makes vegetation vary greatly and makes different laws necessary concerning the 
governing of the different classes of people. The people were, as a rule, not an en- 
lightened class, making close authority necessary. 

10. The most arid portion of North America is the southweastern part of the United 
States, east of the Rocky Mountains. The moist winds of the Pacific Ocean moves 
in the westerly winds up into the mountains, where it is chilled as it rises, so that 
the vapor condenses and falls as rain or snow. The winds that have crossed the 
mountains have lost their moisture thus making the Great Basin a desert. 
The lower slopes of western Peru and northern Chili are a desert. The air of the 
Trade winds has lost its moisture, and as it descends the west slope of the Andes, 
it becomes warmer and is able to receive moisture instead of giving it off. This 
strip of lowland is one of the driest parts of the world, and in some places several 
years elapse between rains. 



GEOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson VIII. 

5-11-17 

1. The surface of Nebraska is generally a rolling plain. The highest section is in the 
western part in Kimball County. The lowest part is in the southeastern part in 
Richardson County. 

2. The chief product of the southern states is cotton, as large amounts of it are raised 
in every southern state except Kentucky. Texas is the leading cotton state. 

The chief industry is agriculture. With plenty of moisture, few frosts, and a fine, 
rich soil, this is a wonderful agricultural region. Of the many crops raised, cotton, 
rice, and corn are especially important. 

3. Eurasia is the continent of Europe and Asia combined. The Ural River flows south 
into the Caspian Sea. Yangtez River flows east into the Yellow Sea. Rhone River 
flows south into the Mediterranean Sea. Volga River flows south and east into the 
Caspian Sea. 

4. London is the largest city of Europe. London is the center of British railways. It 
leads all other cities in commerce. London is a great trading center. 

New York is the largest city of United States. It has one of the best harbors of the 
New World. It has several good routes to* the interior of the country. 

5. Germany, England, France, Russia. See Lesson V., question 4. 
Sweden has a limited monarchy. 

6. People come to the United State often for better financial conditions, political or 
religious reasons. All races are represented in the United States. 

7. Coffee and sugar from Asia. 

Cotton, meat, breadstuffs, dairy products, are exported to Europe. 
Silk, olives, textiles are imported from Europe. 

8. Exports are produce sent out of a country. Imports are produce shipped into a 
country. 

9. A good natural protection from ocean waves and a place in which ships may anchor 
and load or unload goods is a good harbor. 

New York, San Francisco, Portland and New Orleans are good harbors. 
Australia has a very regular coast line which affords poor harbors. 

10. The Middle Atlantic States do more manufacturing than farming because of the 
good water power for manufacturing. The land is rocky and poor for farming. 
The winters are long and cold. 

Five articles manufactured are rubber boots, shoes, silk, iron, cotton and woolen 
goods. 

11. Platte River extending east and west across central Nebraska. Niobrara River in 
northern Nebraska. Republican River in southern Nebraska. 

12. The loess region is the southeastern half of Nebraska. The sand hill region lies 
between the loess region on the east and the High Plain region on the west. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 159 

GEOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson IX. 

4-12-18 

1. England, London; France, Paris; Italy, Rome; Switzerland, Bern; Germany, 
Berlin. 

2. The war promoted United States industries, advanced wages, developed the grain, 
animal, and manufacturing industry immensly. 

3. (a) A peninsula is a narrow body of land extending into the water as Lower Cali- 
fornia. 

(b) A strait is a narrow neck of water connecting two larger bodes of water. As, 
Strait of Dover. 

(c) A cape is a point of land extending into the water, as Cape of Good Hope. 

(d) Small bodies of land that are surrounded by water are called islands, as Ice- 
land. 

4. See Lesson I., question 1. 

5. North Frigid, North Temperate, Torrid, South Temperate, and South Frigid. The 
inclination of the earth's axis to the plane of the orbit causes the North Pole, on 
June 21, to be turned 23%° directly towards the sun; hence a ray of light from the 
sun shines 23 y- 2 ° beyond the pole. This is the portion of the Arctic Circle which 
bounds the Frigid Zone. A ray of light falls on the earth vertically at an angle of 
90° with the surface, and the latitude at which it falls determines the position of 
the Tropic of Cancer, which is 23 1 / 4° from the equator. A ray of light reaches a 
point 23^4 ° from the South Pole. This is the position of the Antarctic Circle which 
bounds the South Frigid Zone. 

Six months later, or on December 21, a ray of light reaches the Arctic Circle. The 
ray is vertical 23%° south of the equator and thus determines the position of the 
Tropic of Capricorn. The belt between the Arctic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer 
is the North Temperate Zone; between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn is the 
Torid Zone; between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle is the South 
Temperate Zone. 

6. See Lesson VI., question 3. 

7. Republic, as United States; limited monarchy, as Great Britain; absolute mon- 
archy, as Turkey a few years ago. 

8. Loess, Sand Hill, High Plan regions. 

9. South Dakota on the north; South Dakota, Iowa, and Missouri on the east; Kansas 
and Colorado on the south; and Colorado and Wyoming on the west. Nebraska lies 
between the Meridians *of longitude 95°, 25' and 104° west of Greenwich, and the 
parallels of latitude 40° and 43° north of the equator. 

10. Left for the pupil. 



GEOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson X. 

5-10-18 

1. Left for the pupil. 

2. The climate is typically continental. The summers are quite warm and the winters 
moderately cold. In general the temperature decreases from southeast to north- 
west. The average length of the growing season in the southeast is about 160 days 
while in the northwestern part of the state it is about 130 days. 

Most of Nebraska is a gently rolling plain. This plain is not flat as there is a great 
variety of surface features in the different sections. Some parts are very smooth, 
others are so rugged that they are often spoken of as mountains. The slope is from 
west to east. The upper part of the soil is called the top soil which is very fertile 
in the loess region. Under this is the subsoil. The top soil is quite deep in most 
parts of Nebraska. 

3. Some resources of Nebraska are water, mineral, as stone working, cement rocK, 
clay working, stone and gravel working and potash. 

4. Agriculture is the leading industry. Other industries of Nebraska are stock raising, 
poultry raising, meat packing industry. 

Wheat, corn, cattle, hogs, butter, eggs, meat, etc., are the chief products. 



160 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

5. On June 21st the North Pole is turned more toward the sun than at any other time. 
The South Pole is turned more from the sun than at any other time. The sun's 
rays fall everywhere in the North Frigid Zone. In the North Temperate Zone the 
rays at noon are from 47° to 90° above the horizon. They are vertical at the Tropic 
of Cancer, and at the equator they are 66%° above the horizon, or 23%° north of the 
Zenith, the point directly overhead. Hence the whole Northern Hemisphere is then 
warm, and has its summer. At the same time no sunlight falls in the South Frigid 
Zone, the sun's rays fall very obliquely on the South Temperate Zone, and the 
Southern Hemisphere has winter. On December 21st these conditions are exactly 
reversed, causing summer in the Southern Hemisphere and winter in the Northern 
Hemisphere. The change from each is called Spring and Autumn. 

6. Large masses of ice, that move very,very slowly down slopes of land are called 
glaciers. 

A deep, narrow valley is a canyon. 

The term geysers is applied to certain periodically eruptive hot springs occuring in 

limited regions of active or dying volcanic energy. 

Regions of barren wastes are called deserts. 

A large mass of floating ice is an iceberg. 

A mountain is a high hill. 

A large stream is called a river. 

A valley is a low tract of land between two higher elevations of land. 

A body of water surrounded by land is called a lake. 

A body of water extending into the land is called a gulf. 

A cape is a body of land extending into the water. 

An island is a body of land surrounded by water. 

7. See Lesson II., question 5. 

8. There are forty-eight states in the United States. Main, Augusta; New York, Al- 
bany; Nebraska, Lincoln; Kansas, Topeka; Texas, Austin; Colorado, Denver; 
Iowa, Des Moines; Michigan, Lansing; Oregon, Salem; Ohio, Columbus. 

9. See Lesson I., question 1. 
10. See Lesson IV., question 2. 

GEOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson XI. 

4-11-19 

1. See Lesson IV., question 2. 

2. In North America, the temperate regions are much larger than the tropical. Hence, 
the grain production exceeds South America's grain production because in that 
country the tropical region is the greater. South America produces much coffee, and 
rubber, which is chiefly grown in the torrid region. 

North America's commerce exceeds that of South America although in later years 
South American commerce has increased. They have fewer railways in the interior 
of that country than North America which makes it impossible to export much of 
the produce of the plantations, the forests and the mines. Railroads are being 
constructed which will be a great benefit toward increasing South American com- 
merce. 

3. United States, republic; England, limited monarchy; France, republic; Japan, 
limited monarchy; Mexco, republic. A republic is the better form of government 
for intelligent people because the chief officers, who represent the people in making 
and enforcing the laws, are chosen by the people. 

4. Coal is found in Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Illinois, Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, 
and Alabama. 

Wheat is grown in Kansas, North, Dakota, Minnesota, Nebraska, South Dakota, and 
Illinois. 

Iron is found in Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, Alabama, and some of the western 
states. 

Gold is found in the Rocky Mountains. 

Lumber is found in northwestern United States, as Montana, Washington, Oregon, 
northern California, Minnesota, Michigan, Maine. While the hard woods and yel- 
low pine come from the southeastern states. 

5. The waterfalls furnish the power needed to run the mills and factories. The land 
is too rugged for beneficial agriculture. Nebraska has no water power for extensive 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 161 

manufacturing. The land is better suited for agriculture. The New England states 
have sea coast and close to good harbors. Nebraska is an interior state. 

6. Meat and dairy products and cotton, are two important exports of the United States. 
Two important imports are sugar and coffee. 

7. Many people have come to the United States for the betterment of financial condi- 
tions, others for religious freedom or to avoid the harsh rule of their mother country. 

8. See Lesson II., question 3. 

9. Alaska. The chief mineral product is gold. 
Hawaiian Islands; chief product is cane sugar. 
Philippine Islands; Manila hemp is exported. 

LO. The Rocky Mountains are in the western part of United States, extending in a 
southernly direction. Gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc are found in the Rocky 
Mountains. 

The Appalachian Mountains are in the eastern part of the United States, extending 
northeast to southwest. Iron, coal, and mica are products of this mountain system. 



GEOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson XII. 

5-9-19 

1. See Lesson IX., question 9, and Lesson X., question 1« 

2. The Lcess region occupies the southeastern half of Nebraska. Grains are the chief 
products. 

The Sandhill region is in the northwest central part of the state. Stock raising is 

the chief occupation. 

The High Plain region is in western Nebraska. Wheat and stock raising are the 

chief occupations. 

The chief industries, see Lesson X., question 4. 

3. United States lies between 67° and 125° west longitude and between 25° and 49° 
north latitude. The waters that touch it are the Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic Ocean, 
Great Lakes, and the Pacific Ocean. 

The United States lies between the steady heat of the torrid zone and the extreme 
seasons on the frigid zone. In summer, the difference in temperature between the 
northern and southern parts of the country is not very great; but the latter has less 
severe winters than the former. Winds from the seas that border on the United 
States greatly affect the climate. The southeast winds from over the Gulf Stream 
bear plentiful rains to the southeastern part of the country. East winds, blowing 
over the cold polar current along the northeast coast, causes the climate to be cooler 
than other parts of the United States of the same latitude. The west coast feels the 
effect of the westerly winds from the Pacific Ocean. This gives this coast a moderate 
climate. 

4. Wheat, lumber, coal, iron, see Lesson XL, question 4. 

Sugar is raised in Louisiana, Colorado, California, Michigan and Utah. The cattle 
producing region is in central and west central United States. 

5. San Francisco, New York, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Boston are important seaports 
in the United States. 

Rio de Janerio and Buenos Aires in South America. 

Sydney in Australia. 

Singapore, Shanghai and Yokohama in Asia. 

Liverpool, London, Naples, Antwerp, Marseilles in Europe. 

6. The axis is an imaginary line running through the center of the earth. 
The ends of the axis are called the poles of the earth. 

Distance north or south of the equator is called latitude. 

Distance east or west of the prime meridian is called longitude. 

The equator is an imaginary line running around the earth mid-way between the 

poles. 

Parallels 23 1 / 2 ° north and south of the equator are called tropics. 

The parallel 23%° from the North Pole is called the Artie Circle. 

The prime meridian is a chosen meridian from which longitude is measured. 

7. Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter are the seasons. See Lesson X., question o. 
Rotation of the earth causes day and night. 



162 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

8. Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, and Antarctic. 

Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Europe and Australia. 

9. Fruit, spices, coffee, cain sugar are grown in the torrid zone. 

Fruit, grain, livestock, cotton, lumber, are grown in the temperate zone. 
From the frigid zone are furs, ivory, eider down, seal oil, gold, and fish. 

10. Mountains see Lesson I., question l. 
Mississippi River, central United States. 
Amazon River, north central South America. 
Platte River, southeastern South America. 
Yukon River, central Alaska. 

Mekinzie River, northern North America. 

11. Camp Dodge, near Des Moines, Iowa.. Camp Funston, Kansas. Fort Sam Houston, 
at San Antonio, Texas, Camp Grant at Rockford, Illinois. 

The boys were selected by draft and cared for by the government. 

12. Brussels and Liege in west central Belgium, Paris in northern France, Verdun in 
northern France, Marne River in northern France, Somme River in northwestern 
France. The battleground of Chateau Thierry, Belleau Woods and Verdun. 

GEOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson XIII. 

3-26-20 

1. Left for the pupil. 

2. Agriculture is the chief industry. 

Five products are corn, wheat, alfalfa, oats and potatoes. 

3. See Lesson IX, question 8. 

4. Three important resources of Nebraska are mineral, agricultural and animal. 
Three important industries of Nebraska are agriculture, stock raising, and manu- 
facturing. 

5. A cape is a point of land extending into the water 
A plateau is a high elevation of land. 

Wearing away of the land is called erosion. 
Longitude, see Lesson XII., question 6. 
Imports, see Lesson VIII., question 8. 

6. The great oil wells are in Oklahoma, California, Wyoming, Texas, Illinois, Louisiana. 
The products made from petroleum are kerosene, gasoline, vaseline, paraffine, and 
many other substances. 

7. San Francisco in western California. 

New York in southeastern New York, New Orleans in southwestern Louisiana, 
Liverpool in western England, London in eastern England. 

8. See Lesson IX., question 5. 

9. Two wheat producing states are Kansas and North Dakota; two cotton producing 
states are Texas and Georgia; two manufacturing states are Pennsylvania and New 
York; two lumbering states are Washington and Oregon; two ore producing states 
are Pennsylvania and Ohio. 

10. Three groups of islnds belonging to the United States are the Hawaiian Islands, 
extending southeast and northwest in the Pacific Ocean. They are between 18° and 
23° north latitude and about 2,000 miles from Hongkong. 

The Philippines are southwest of China and lie between 4° and 22° north latitude. 
They are separated from the mainland of Asia by the South China Sea. 
The Aleutian Islands are off the southwestern coast of Alaska. These islands are 
not only important for their products but also as naval stations for the coaling and 
repairing of ships crossing the oceans. 

GEOGRAPHY ANSWERS 



Lesson XIV. 

5-7-20 



1. Left for the pupil. 

2. See Lesson X., question 2. 

3. See Lesson XII., question 10. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 163 

4. See Lesson XII., question 8. 

5. Two gerat mining regions of the world, are in eastern United States and England. 
Two farming regions are central North America and south central Europe. Two 
fishing regions are the North Sea and Banks of Newfoundland. Two manufacturing 
regions are the New England States in the United States and England. 

6. The leading industry of the New England states is manufacturing, of the Southern 
States is agriculture, of Central States is agriculture, of Rocky Mountain States is 
mining, of the Pacific States is agriculture and lumbering. 

7. Five great distributing centers are Chicago in the northeastern part of Illinois on 
Lake Michigan; New York is situated on the eastern coast of New York at the 
mouth of the Hudson River. Philadelphia is in southeastern Pennsylvania. St. 
Louis is located at the junction of the Missouri-Mississippi rivers in eastern Mis- 
souri. Galveston is on the eastern coast of Texas. 

8. Coffee, rubber, cocoa, sugar, wool and hides, are exported to the United States from 
South America. 

Iron, rolling stock, bridge materials and machinery of all kinds are exported from 
United States. 

9. Fertile areas in deserts are called oasis. 

The beginning of a stream is called its source. 

Ore is the native form of a metal' whether free and uncombined, as gold, copper, or 

combined, as iron and lead. 

Sediment is a layer of fine soil spread over low lands by flood waters. 

Glaciers are large masses of ice moving very, very slowly down the slope of the land. 

10. The Canal Zone is a tract of land ten miles wide through which the Panama Canal 
was built, in the Isthmus of Panama. 

Strait of Gibralter connects the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. 
Vancouver Island is off the northwest coast of United States. 
Duluth is a city in eastern Minnesota on Lake Superior. 
Yosemite National Park is in eastern California. 



GEOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson XV. 

4-8-21 

1. Left for the pupil. 

2. See Lesson V., question 1. 

3. (a) Iron and steel goods from Pensylvania, cotton from southeastern United States, 
(b) Sugar from South America, silk from Japan. 

4. London. See Lesson I., question 3. 

Pekin. See Lesson I., question 3. Mediterranean Sea, Niagara. See Lesson I., ques- 
tion 3. Alps are mountains in southern Europe. Amazon is a large river in central 
South America flowing from west to east almost across the continent. Manila is a 
city on Luzon Island, an island of the Philippines. Suez Canal is between the Medi- 
terranean Sea and Red Sea. Sahara. See Lesson V., question 8. Nile River in 
northeastern Africa. 

5. Great Britain, Its industries are agriculture, mining, manufacturing, and fishing. 
Germany. Its industries are agriculture, lumbering, mining, and manufacturing. 
France. Its industries are agriculture, manufacturing, and the silk industry. 
Switzerland. Its industries are dairying, and watch making. 

Italy. Its industries are agriculture and manufacturing. 

6. Left for the pupil. 

7. (a) Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, 
(b) See Lesson V., question 7. 

8. Copper in Arizona, oil in Oklahoma, cain sugar in Louisiana, coal in Pennsylvania, 
wheat in North Dakota. 

9. Left for the pupil. 

10. United States is bounded on the north by Canada, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, 
on the south by Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico, on the west by the Pacific Ocean. 



164 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

GEOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson XVI. 

5-6-21 

1. The Nebraska institute for the blind is located at Nebraska City. 
State Teacher's Colleges at Peru, Kearney and Chadron. 
State institute for the feeble minded youths at Beatrice. 

State Hospital at Hastings. 

2. Left for the pupil. 

3. See Lesson XII., question 8. 

4. See Lesson XIV., question 6. 

5. New York is a city in southeastern New York. Panama Canal is in the southern 
part of Central America. Andes Mountains extend along the entire western coast 
of South America. Mississippi River flows from north to south through the central 
part of United States. Paris is the capital of France. It is located in the north 
central part of the country. Hawaii is an island of the Hiwaiian Islands. Wash- 
ington, D. C, lies between Virginia and Maryland and contains the national capital. 
Ontario is a province in southern Canada. Lincoln is the capital of Nebraska. It 
is in the southeastern part of the state. Madrid, the capital, is in central Spain. - 

6. (a) Geography is a description of the surface of the earth, its countries and their in- 

habitants. 

(b) See Lesson IV., question 2. 

7. See Lesson XII., question 6. 

8. The Bad Lands are in western South Dakota and North Dakota and of eastern 
Montana. Niagara Falls are between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. One oil region is 
in Oklahoma. One copper region is in Arizona. One lumber region is in Wash- 
ington. 

9. Since the country of Mexico extends over eighteen degrees of latitude, is washed 
by the sea on both sides, it has many kinds of climate. In most of Mexico there is 
a dry season from November until June, and a rainy season during the rest of the 
year. 

United States lies chiefly in the warmer part of the temperate zone. In summer 
most of the country is within the hot belt, but in winter a large part of it lies within 
the cold belt. As regards summer and winter temperature, there are four climatic 
belts or regions; the one in the south that has hot summers and temperate 
winters; in the central part, hot summers and cold winters; in the northern part, 
temperate summers and cold winters. Along the western coast is always temperate 
throughout the year. 

Canada being so far north, the moisture in the winds from the Pacific Ocean often 
falls as snow on the western highlands, and the higher mountain ranges abound in 
glaciers. Northern Canada is so cold that neither trees nor food plants can grow 
there. Farther south, though the winters are long and cold, Wheat is grown and 
hardier plants of the temperate zone. The southern part of Canada resembles the 
United States in surface, climate and productions. 

10. Yenisei and Makenzie flow into the Arctic Ocean. 

The Amazon and Kongo flow into the Atlantic Ocean. 

The Columbia and Yangtze rivers flow into the Pacific Ocean. 

GEOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson XVII. 

4-7-22 
l.See Lesson III., No. 7. 

2. Left for the pupil. 

3. Left for the pupil. 

4. See Lesson V., No. 4. 

5. See Lesson I., No. 3. Lesson IV., No. 8. Lesson VI., No. 4, and Lesson XIV., No. 10. 

6. See Lesson XII., No. 8. 

7. The Great Lakes are Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and 
Lake Ontario. 

Duluth is a city on the extreme western side of Lake Superior. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 165 

Chicago is at the southern end of Lake Michigan. 
Buffalo is on the eastern side of Lake Erie. 

8. See Lesson IV., No. 2. 

3. Left for the pupil. 

10. See Lesson VIII., No. 6. 

GEOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

Lesson XVIII. 

5-5-22 

1. See Lesson IV., No. 2. 

2. Left for the pupil. 

3. (a) Left for the pupil, 
(b) See Lesson IX., No. 9. 

4. The natural conditions that have helped build each of the following are: 

Chicago, situated on the Great Lakes, the center of an agricultural region, and its 
proximity to iron and coal mines, help to make it a large city. 

San Francisco, situated on an excellent natural harbor of the Pacific ocean, consti- 
tutes an excellent shipping point. 

New York, situated on a good harbor of the Atlantic ocean, with its shipping facili 
ties, has developed into a great city and trade center. It is the money center of the 
world, having taken this distinction from London during the World War. 
New Orleans, near the mouth of the Mississippi river and at the gate-way of a vast 
fertile lowland region is fast becoming one of the big cities of the United States. 
Omaha, is the trade center of the upper Missouri valley, located on the Missouri 
river, and in the center of a great agricultural and stock-raising region. 

5. See Lesson X., No. 2. Lesson XII., No. 2. Lesson XV., No. 2. 

(See Condra's Geography of Nebraska, Page 6 for a full description of the different 
regions of Nebraska.) 

6. Two rivers in Asia are the Indus and the Yangtze. 

Two rivers in South America are the Amazon and the LaPlatte. 

Two rivers in Europe are the Danube and the Volga. 

Two river in Africa are the Kongo and the Nile. 

Two rivers in the United States are the Mississippi and the Missouri. 

7. See Lesson V., No. 8; Lesson I., No. 3, and Lesson XV., No. 4. 

8. An important product of each of the following countries is: Brazil, coffee; China, 
tea; Australia, wool; Ceylon, rubber; West Indies, sugar. 

8. Left for the pupil. 
10. Two wheat producing states, Kansas and Nebraska. 
Two cotton producing states, Texas and Georgia. 
Two manufacturing states, Massachusetts and New Hampshire. 
Two lumber producing states, Washington and Oregon. 
Two ore producing states, Arizona and Pennsylvania. 



Agriculture Questions 



Lesson I 

AGRICULTURE 

4-8-15 

1. How does a weed differ from a use- 
ful plant? 

2. Name one bad weed the farmer has 
to contend with and tell what character- 
istics make it a bad weed, and how it can 
be kept down. 

3. Name one disease which attacks po- 
tatoes, and tell how it should be treated. 

4. Name three useful insects, and tell 
why they are useful. 

5. Are birds useful enough to make it 
wise to protect them. Give reasons for 
your answer. 

6. What is meant by fertile soil? What 
is meant by soil "wearing out"? 

7. How does a roadster, or light horse, 
differ from a draft horse? 

8. Name two beef breeds and two dairy 
breeds of cattle. 

9. How may the school grounds of your 
district be beautified? 

10. What experience have you had in 
growing and caring for plants or animals? 

Lesson II 

AGRICULTURE 
5-7-15 

1. What are agriculture bulletiDs? Of 
what use are they? 

2. Name two breeds of horses, hogs, 
sheep, cattle, chickens. 

3. What conditions of Nebraska climate 
do you regard as healthful? Unhealthful? 

4. How is humus of the soil formed? 

5. • (a) Give the essentials of a good ear 
of corn. (b) Name five corn products. 



Lesson III 

AGRICULTURE 
3-9-16 

1. What advantages rise from testing 
seed corn? 

2. Why does Nebraska emphasize the 
teaching of agriculture? 

3. Give five points by which you would 
judge an ear of corn. 

4. Name four breeds of cattle, four of 
horses, four of poultry and three of swine. 



5. Discuss the advantages of raising 
thoroughbred or purebred stock. 

6. Name five song birds and describe 
one of them, giving its appearance, habits, 
food. 

Lesson IV 

AGRICULTURE 
4-14-16 

1. How do the terms "weather" and 
"climate" differ in meaning? 

2. What is forage? Name three kinds 
of forage crops. 

3. Give a simple way of testing seed 
corn. 

4. What is meant by rotation of crops? 
Why should crops be rotated? 

5. What is meant by "dry farming?" 
By "irrigation"? Where is each practiced 
in Nebraska? 

6. Why is agricultural education so 
prominent in Nebraska? 



Lesson V 

AGRICULTURE 
5-5-16 

1. Give three ways of starting or propo- 
gating plants. 

2. How does barnyard manure lose its 
value when not properly cared for? 

3. Which is best, a very little rain 
every day or a heavy rain once a week? 
Why? 

4. Give an effective way of controlling 
any one of these: mosquitoes, potato bug, 
chinch bug. 

5. Give three ways of fighting weeds. 
Are weeds a benefit or a detriment? Give 
three reasons for your answer. 

6. What is the difference between in- 
tensive and extensive farming? Which 
is generally practiced in Nebraska? Why? 



Lesson VI 

AGRICULTURE 
3-22-17 

1. What would you consider in buying 
an unimproved farm? An improved farm? 

2. Why do people talk so much about 
the weather? 

3. How does hot, dry air injure crops? 

4. During which months do crops grow 
mcst, and why? 



(167) 



168 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



5. (a) Name three insects injurious to 
crops, (b) Name six song birds and de- 
scribe one of them. 

6. Why are good roads of especial im- 
portance in Nebraska? 

Lesson VII 

AGRICULTURE 

4-20-17 

1. Of what use to a plant are the stems? 
What does a plant gain by a long stem? 
How do stems grow? 

2 What are commercial fertilizers? 
How are they used? 

3. What is the function of roots? Name 
two kinds and give example of each. 

4. Who is Luther Burbank? Tell at 
least two definite things he has done. 

5. Plan a flower scheme for a window 
box. 

6. Plan a garden plot as you should 
like to have your own, writing the names 
of the different plants in the several sec- 
tions. 

7. What are the essential points in a 
desirable school site? 

8. Explain budding, grafting. Why is 
one of these processes better for planting 
a peach tree than planting the seed or 
getting a seedling from the nursery? 

9. Name kinds of chickens that belong 
to each of the four general classes: (a) 
egg breed; (b) meat breed; (c) general 
purpose breed; (d) fancy breed. 

10. About how many eggs should a good 
hen lay in a year? Name three general 
classes of foods a hen should have regu- 
larly in order to be healthy and be a good 
layer. 

Lesson VIII 

AGRICULTURE 

5-11-17 

(Answer ten) 

1. What would you plant in your gar- 
den and how would you arrange it? (Draw 
plot and label divisions as you would ar- 
range your garden.) 

2. How would you prepare the soil for 
your garden? (Explain what time of year 
you would plow it; what kind of fertilizer 
you would use and how; how deep you 
would plow and any other points that 
enter into the preparation.) 

3. What time in the day is best for 
watering the garden? How would you 
plant lettuce or radish seed differently 
from corn or beans? 

4. How can you plan so you may have 
many of the vegetables from early in the 
summer to late in the fall? 



5. What is rotation of crops? Why 
should you rotate crops? 

6. Name two insects injurious to gar- 
dens and two that are injurious to field 
crops. 

7. Why should flies be exterminated? 
Tell at least three ways we can utilize to 
help at least to exterminate them. 

8. Explain how to build a fly trap; how 
to make a seed tester. 

9. Why should you not plant pumpkins 
and watermelons or cantaloupes side by 
side? Why not plant white and yellow 
corn side by side? 

10. What functions have leaves? Name 
four things needed for the growth of 

plants. 

11. How is pollen carried? Name 
some forage and fodder plants. 

12. Name two fiber crops, three root 
crops, three vegetable crops. 



Lesson IX 

AGRICULTURE 

4-12-18 

1. Between the soil particles in all soils 
are small air spaces called pores. "V^hich 
will retain moisture better for the use of 
crops, a soil with large pores or a soil 
with small pores? In which kind of soil 
will moisture rise more readily? 

2. Give as many ways as you can to 
improve soil. Why do farmers cultivate 
their corn soon after a rain? 

3. The most useful plant foods are ni- 
trates, phosphoric acid, carbon dioxide and 
water. Which kinds come from the soil and 
enter the plant thru the root? Which 
come from the air and enter the plant 
thru the leaves? 

4. Tell briefly how you would test seed 
corn. Why is it important to test seed 
corn? 

5. Tell how to make a graft. Name 
one plant that is propagated by cuttings. 

6. In transplating a plant, why do we 
water it and compress the soil firmly about 
the roots? 

7. Why is it important that pollination 
take place? What insects aid in pollina- 
tion? 

8. Name eight insects telling which are 
harmful and which are beneficial? 

9. Write the names of the following 
breeds of cattle on your paper and tell 
which are good for beef and which are 
good for milk and butter: Jersey, Short- 
horn, Guernsey, Polled Durham. Ayrshire. 
Holstein Friesian and Hereford. 

10. Mention some ways in which Junior 



QUESTION AXD AXSWER BOOK 



169 



Red Cross boys and girls may help win the 
war. 

Lesson X 

AGRICULTURE 
5-9-18 

1. (a) Of what special importance is 
agriculture just now? Why? (b) Mention 
three or more crops that farmers are espe- 
cially urged to raise. 

2. (a) When should seed corn be se- 
lected? (b) What points should you give 
attention to in the selection? 

3. About what time should potatoes be 
planted? When would you sow spring 
wheat? Fall wheat? Oats? When would 
you plant corn? 

4. (a) What is the present market price 
of three things a farmer has to sell? (b) 
Of three articles of food he must buy? 

5. In what ways are birds useful to 
farmers? Name five useful birds. Name 
two harmful. How are they harmful? 

6. Tell how you would get rid of weeds. 

7. As to industry, to what group of 
states does Nebraska belong? What is the 
greatest crop raised in Nebraska? 

8. Write a paragraph on "Why Every 
Family Should Raise a Garden." 

9. Name two breeds of each: cattle, 
horses, sheep, hogs, chickens. 

10. What is meant by Food Adminis- 
trator? Coal Administrator? Who is the 
Food Administrator for the United States? 
Coal Administrator? 

Lesson XI 

AGRICULTURE 
4-11-19 

1. Give two ways to improve a worn- 
out soil. 

2. Name three important crops raised 
in Nebraska and tell when each should be 
planted. Also tell how to prepare the soil 
for planting each of them. 

3. When should seed corn be selected? 
Why should seed corn be tested before 
planting? 

4. Name three birds that are beneficial 
to the farmer and two that are harmful. 
Are toads harmful or beneficial? How? 

5. Of what use to the plant are root 
hairs? How does sunshine help a plant to 
grow? 

6. Of what use to the plant is the 
flower? 

7. Name three important breeds of beef 
cattle. Name three important breeds of 
dairy cattle. 

8. How would you go about it to get rid 
of weeds on a farm? 



9. Of the following insects tell which 
are useful and which are harmful: silk- 
worm moth, tick, cotton boll weevil, spider, 
gypsy moth, ichneumon fly, mosquito, lady 
beetle, dragon fly. 

10. Write a paragraph on how to beau- 
tify the grounds surrounding a farm 
house. 

Lesson XII 

AGRICULTURE 
5-9-19 

1. What is meant by "rotation of crops"? 
By "irrigation"? What is the purpose of 
each? 

2. Name the three most important 
grains raised in Nebraska. Name three 
grasses that are suitable for the meadows. 

3. Name a breed of dairy cow that ex- 
cels in the amount of milk, and one that 
excels in the quality. 

4. Tell why and how you test seed 
corn. 

5. Tell three ways that birds, and two 
ways that insects help the farmer. 

6. What is meant by "dry farming"? 
Is it practiced in your community? Why? 

7. Name three kinds of poultry, and 
tell why each is profitable. 

8. Why are weeds harmful in the soil? 
Name three kinds common in your neigh- 
borhood. 

9. How may waste be prevented on a 
farm? Name three things that cause loss 
to growing crops. 

10. Give some of the advantages of liv- 
ing on a farm. 



Lesson XIII 

AGRICULTURE 
3-26-20 

1. What is soil? How is it formed? 

2. How may soil be improved? 

3. Name the three common weeds in 
your locality. Tell how they spread. 

4. Give a practical method of testing 
seed corn. 

5. Give two reasons for protecting birds. 
Name two ways of protecting them. 

6. Name the different kinds of farm ani- 
mals in your neighborhood. Tell the pur- 
pose for which each is kept. 

7. Name two breeds of beef cattle. 
Name two breeds of dairy cattle. 

8. Name the leading breeds of poultry 
in your community. Tell whether they 
are meat breeds or egg breeds. 

9. What is meant by "rotation" of crops? 
What is the purpose of rotation? 



170 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



10. Write a few lines on one of the fol- 
lowing: 

1. Beautifying the farm home. 

2. The ideal farm house. 

3. The value of club work. 

4. The value of farm accounting. 

5. The value of testing seeds before 
planting. 



Lesson XIV 

AGRICULTURE 

5-7-20 

1. Briefly tell how to select seed corn. 

2. Give three reasons for cultivating the 
soil. 

3. What is the particular value to the 
soil of such plants as alfalfa and clover? 

4. How does drainage improve the soil? 

5. Briefly describe the dairy cow. 

6. How should the farmer care for the 
working horse? 

7. Briefly describe the greeds of hogs 
that are kept in your locality. 

8. How can a farmer get rid of smut 
in small grain? 

9. How can a farmer improve the va- 
rieties of plants? 

10. How has the use of gasoline im 
proved conditions on the farm? 



Lesson XV 

, AGRICULTURE 
4-8-21 

1. Where is dry farming carried on in 
Nebraska? What crops are adapted to this 
kind of farming? 

2. Name four kinds of farm machinery 
and state the use of each. 

3. In what way has the study of agri- 
culture been helpful to you in your work 
on the farm or in the home? 

4. Name five insects telling which are 
harmful and which are useful. 

5. Tell briefly how you would test seed 
corn and why it is important to do so. 

6. Why are good roads of especial im- 
portance in Nebraska? 

7. Name four fiber or hay crops, three 
root crops, three vegetable crops. 

8. What is meant by the "rotation of 
crops?" By "irrigation?" What is the 
purpose of each? 

9. What things are necessary for plants 
to have so as to provide food for their own 
growth? 

10. Name two breeds of horses, sheep, 
cattle, hogs, poultry. 



Lesson XVI 

AGRICULTURE 
5-6-21 

1. Name three ways of propagating 
plants. Name five plants and tell how 
each is propagated. 

2. Give three reasons for cultivating 
corn. 

3. Name five birds and tell whether 
they are useful or harmful. 

4. How may the fertility of the soil be 
injured? How may the fertility of the 
soil be improved? 

5. What is meant by rotation of crops? 
Why is rotation of crops necessary? 

6. What parts of Nebraska are best 
adapted to the growing of the following 
crops: Corn? Why? Wheat? Why? Ai- 
falfa? Why? Potatoes? Why? Fruits? 
Why? 

7. Why are good roads very important? 
Whom do you think are the most benefited 
by good roads, people living in town or 
those living in the country? 

8. Name three breeds of chickens. One 
of ducks. One of turkeys, two of cattle, 
two of hogs, one of horses. 

9. Give three reasons why agriculture 
should be taught. 

10. If you were to buy a farm, what 
are some of the necessary advantages to 
be considered? 



Lesson XVII. 

AGRICULTURE 

4-7-22 

1. Name, in order of importance, the 
principal grain crops of your county. 

2. Name three of the most troublesome 
weeds of your county and tell how to get 
rid of them. 

3. Nebraska has expended a great 
amount of money for good roads in the 
last few years. How have they benefitted 
farmers? How could they be of benefit 
to school children? 

4. What is meant by "dry farming?" 
Irrigation? Where is each practiced in 
Nebraska? 

5. Name four hay crops; three root 
crops; three vegetable crops. 

6. Tell briefly how you would test 
seed corn. Why is it important to test 
seed corn? 

7. Name three breeds of horses; three 
of cattle; two of hogs; two of chickens. 

8. What is meant by rotation of crops? 
Why should crops be rotated? 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 



111 



9. Give three reasons for cultivating 
the soil. 

10. What is meant by fertile soil? What 
is meant by soil wearing out? 

Lesson XVIII. 

AGRICULTURE 
5-5-22 

1. In what way has the study of agri- 
culture been helpful to you in your work 
on the farm or in the home? 

2. Name five farm implements used 
for working the soil and give the particu- 
lar use of each. 

3. What is meant by "dry-farming"? 
By "irrigation"? Where is each practiced 
in Nebraska? 



4. What is meant by "rotation of 
crops" and why is rotation advisable? 

5. Name four hay crops; three root 
crops; three vegetable crops. 

6. What are three conditions necessary 
for the germination of seeds? 

7. What is a weed? Name five weeds 
common to your neighborhood. 

8. Name three types of chickens; two 
types of beef cattle; two types of dairy 
cattle; two classes of horses; one kind of 
sheep. 

9. Why are good roads of special im- 
portance in Nebraska? 

10. Do you expect to live on the farm 
when you are grown? Give two reasons 
for your decision. 



Agriculture Answers 



AGRICULTURE ANSWERS 

Lesson I. 

4-S-15 

1. A weed is a plant that uses up the plant food in the soil, but is unfit for human 
food. A useful plant not only provides its own food, but lays up food for man 
and animals. 

2. Purslane is a bad weed because it is so common and so hard to kill out. It does 
not come until late in the summer and has so many seed that if not destroyed 
before these seed ripen it will kill the crop. About the only way to get rid of 
it is to cut it off and turn it bottom side up so that it will not take root again. 

3. Potatoes are often attacked by a fungus growth called Scab which may be 
checked by soaking the seed potato in a weak solution of formalin or formalde- 
hyde for two hours or more. Use about one-half pint of formalin or formalde- 
hyde with fifteen gallons of water for the solution. 

4. (a) Ladybirds eat the eggs of the potato beetle and destroy harmful insects. 

(b) Dragon flies eat mosquitoes, gnats and flies. 

(c) Lace winged flies or Aphis Lions feed upon plant lice. 

5. Birds should be protected for the following reasons: 1. They help start new 
groves and shrubs by carrying the seeds of plants and trees. 2. They carry the 
eggs of fishes to new waters. 3. They eat weed seeds and harmful insects. 
4. They make the world more cheerful with their beauty and music. 

6. (a) Fertile soil is that which is rich in plant food. 

(b) When so many crops have been grown upon a field that the plant food is 
used up we say the land is wearing out. 

7. The roadster differs from the draft type in having a long, thin neck, narrow 
chest, narrow sloping shoulders and long back and legs. The draft horse has a 
short, broad head, short, thick neck, broad and strong legs. 

8. Herefords and Galloways are breeds of beef cattle. 
Guernsey and Jersey are the dairy breeds. 

9. The surroundings of a one-room school can be made as attractive as those of 
the larger school. It costs but little to level and grade the grounds around a 
school house. Shrubs can usually be obtained from the oversupply of the com- 
munity, or at a small cost from the nursery. Trees are available for the digging 
in almost every school district, or can easily be found along adjacent streams. 
These trees and shrubs should be set out in an artistic way planned by an expert 
gardner, not by the haphazard fashion of the unskilled person. 

10. Left for the pupil. 



172 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

AGRICULTURE ANSWERS 

Lesson II. 
5-7-15 

1. Agriculture bulletins are valuable literature sent out .free by the United States 
Department of Agriculture. They spread the knowledge of agriculture and latest 
improvements in all lines of work. 

2. (a) Clydesdale and Percherons. 

(b) Poland China and Duroc Jersey. 

(c) American Merino and Shropshire. 

(d) Holstein and Aberdeen Angus. 

(e) Rhode Island Reds and Barred Rocks. 

3. Nebraska has an abundance of sunshine and air dryer than that of most states. 
The quick changes in weather and the wide ranges in temperature are unhealth- 
ful. 

4. The humus of the soil is formed by the decay of plants and animals. 

5. (a) The rows of grain should be straight and the ear well filled out at both, ends. 

The grains should be uniform in shape. 
Also see Lesson III, No. 3. 

(b) Grits, corn flakes, hominy, corn meal, and syrup are corn products. 

AGRICULTURE ANSWERS 

Lesson III. 
3-9-16 

1. The farmer's crops depend upon the germinating and growing power of the seed 
used, therefore the seed should be tested to determine this. The seed often 
fails to germinate for reasons of defects invisible upon examination. 

2. Nebraska is an agricultural state, therefore the teaching of agriculture is em- 
phasized. 

3. (a) Trueness of type. 

(b) Shape of ear. 

(c) Uniformity and shape of grains. 

(d) Shape of tips and butts. 

(e) Vitality or seed condition. 
Also see Lesson II, No. 5. 

4. Cattle: 1. Durham. 2. Herefords. 3. Galloway. 4. Red Polled. 
Poultry: 1. Leghorn. 2. Minorca. 3. Brahmas. 4. Hamburg. 
Horses: 1. Percheron. 2. Shire. 3. Belgian. 4. Clydesdale. 

Swine: 1. Duroc-Jersey. 2. Poland-China. 3. Chester- White. 4. Hampshire. 

5. Purebred stock brings a higher price on the market and is of more use to the 
farmer for home use. They have been bred true to certain types of usefulness, 
not found in the scrub animal. They require less food. 

6. See Lesson VI, No. 5. 

AGRICULTURE ANSWERS 

Lesson IV. 
4-14-16 

1. Weather refers to the daily changes in temperature, winds, humidity, clouds, 
and rain. Climate is the average result of these weather changes. 

2. (a) Forage is a crop grown for hay or pasture. This includes silage and fodder, 
(b) 1. Alfalfa, 2. corn, 3. timothy. 

3. Procure a box two or three inches deep, two feet wide and two and one-half feet 
long. Divide into two-inch squares. Number the squares and fill with sand. 
Place six kernels taken from different parts of each numbered ear of corn into 
the suqares having the same number as the ear. Moisten sand, cover with glass, 
keep in a warm place until they sprout. Save for planting only those ears the 
kernels of which show strong, vigorous root and stem sprouts. Discard all ears 
which show one or more dead kernels. 

4. Rotation is the changing of crops in regular order from year to year. Planting 
the same crop on the same ground year after year uses up all the plant food 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 173 

required by that particular plant. It is also necessary to keep down the spread 
of weeds, plant diseases, and insect pests. 

5. (a) Dry farming is the growing of drought-resisting crops by tillage methods 

that enables the soil to hold the moisture. 

(b) Irrigation is the application of water, in addition to that received by rain 
or snow, to the soil of arid and semi-arid land. 

(c) Dry farming is practiced on the high plains region of Nebraska, and irriga- 
tion in the western part along the North Platte river. 

6. Agriculture is prominent in Nebraska because agriculture is the chief industry. 



AGRICULTURE ANSWERS 

Lesson V. 
5-5-16 

1. Plants may be propagated by means of seed, root-stock or runners and by cut- 
tings. 

2. Manure left where it will get the dripping from the eaves loses half its value 
through leaching. If uncared for, it ferments and the nitrogen escapes as am- 
monia or gas. 

3. A moderate rain every few days is better than a heavy rain once a week, be- 
cause it sinks into the ground slowly and becomes ground water, while a heavy 
rain once a week runs off into the creeks and valleys, doing the plant little good. 
The heavy rain washes the land and packs the soil. 

4. The best way to kill the potato bug or beetle is with a spray of some arsenical 
solution. Paris green in water, about one pound to fifty gallons, or mixed with 
flour or dust (one pound of Paris green in four of flour) is the most common 
means used to destroy the bugs. 

5. (a) Weeds may be fought: 1st, By planting such crops as millet which grow 

so quickly that weeds do not have a chance; 2nd, By cutting the weed before 
it makes seed; 3rd, By protecting the birds that live on weed seed, 
(b) Weeds do injury in many ways. They shade the crop, steal its nourishment, 
and waste its moisture. 

6. Intensive farming is farming a small amount of land so as to increase its pro- 
ductivity and utilizing its resources under a system of management. 
Extensive farming is farming a large amount of land, so that no part can be 
looked after closely and is often wasted. Nebraska practices extensive farming 
because it is not thickly settled and has large farms. 



AGRICULTURE ANSWERS 

Lesson VI. 

3-22-17 

1. In buying an unimproved farm, one must consider the cost of improvement and 
clearing. In buying an improved farm, care must be taken that the soil is not 
worn out, that the location is conducive to good health, nearness to market, cost 
of improvements, and water supply. Also see Lesson XVI, No. 10. 

2. Weather has much to do with health and the growing of crops. 

3. Hot, dry air evaporates the ground moisture. It also withers and dries the plant 
so that the crops do not mature. 

4. Crops grow most during the warm, sunshiny days of summer because a growing 
plant needs sunshine and moisture. 

5. (a) 1. Potato bug, 2. chinch bug, 3. weevil. 

(b) The robin, blue bird, wren, thrush, and goldfinch. 

The goldfinch is about five inches in length, of a bright yellow color. The 
head and wings of the male are black. 

6. Good roads are of especial importance in Nebraska because it is an agricultural 
state and must have easy ways to market the produce. This is done now mostly 
in auto-trucks, which saves time and labor. 



174 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

AGRICULTURE ANSWERS 

Lesson VII. 

4-20-17 

1. The stem is the part from which all other parts of the plant spring. They 
serve as storehouses for the saving of starch, sugar, and other forms of nour- 
ishment for the future use of the plant. They are channels of circulation of 
plant sap and transfer of plant food from root to leaf and from leaf to root. 

A long stem lifts the plant up into the sunshine and air. Some stems grow 
erect, some on the ground or clinging to objects for support, while others grow 
underground. 

2. Commercial fertilizers are the by-products of the meat packing houses or vegeta- 
ble or mineral products. They are used to restore the fertility of the soil and 
may be either scattered over the soil or plowed in. 

3. (a) Roots extend into the ground and take from the soil water containing the 
dissolved mineral food that the plant needs. 

(b) Fibrous root; example, the oats plant. Tap root; example, the carrot. 
(Pupil will note the difference in the spelling of the word fibrous.) 

4. Luther Burbank is a noted horticulturist and plant breeder. He has produced 
the edible cactus which can be grown where other plants fail, and the stoneless 
prune. 

5. Left for pupil. 

6. Left for pupil. 

7. The essential points in a desirable school site should be healthfulness, beauty, 
spacious playground, and good water. 

8. Budding consists in transferring a bud from one plant and inserting it in the 
bark of a closely related plant in which it will develop and produce fruit like 
that borne by the parent plant. 

A graft is a small shoot or twig inserted in another tree. 

Fruit trees raised from seed are usually worthless and do not resemble the 

parent tree, hence you must graft the tree in order to have the fruit you wish. 

9. (a) Leghorn, Minorca, Spanish, Red-Cap. 

(b) Brahma, Cochin, Langshan. 

(c) Plymouth Rock, Wyandotte, Rhode Island Red, Dorking. 

(d) Polish, Game, Sultan, Bantam. 

10. A good hen should lay about 150 to 200 eggs in a year. A laying hen should 
have mineral food, protein, and carbohydrates. 

AGRICULTURE ANSWERS 

Lesson ¥111. 
5-11-17 

1. Left for pupil. 

2. Left for pupil. 

3. The garden should be watered after sunset so that the water may sink into the 
soil, and not evaporate under the hot sun or scorch the plant. Lettuce and 
radishes should be planted in rich soil and covered lightly. 

4. By planting vegetables at regular intervals during the summer. 

5. See Lesson IV, No. 4. 

6. The cabbage worm and the potato bug are injurious to garden crops, while the 
grasshopper and chinch bug injure the field crops. 

7. Flies carry germs of filth and disease. 1. The early flies should all be killed 
before they breed, 2. Clean up all dirt which may serve as breeding places, 
3. Make fly traps. 

8. A fly trap may be made of screen in the form of two cones, the inner cone 
having a small opening through which the fly is lured into the larger cone or 
trap. 

(b) See Lesson IV, No. 3. 

9. Pumpkins and watermellons should not be planted side by side because the 
pollen is carried from one plant to another and produces a mixture. If white 
and yellow corn are planted side by side, the cross pollination produces a mixed 
ear. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 175 

10. (a) Leaves have three functions. 1. They furnish means for the evaporation of 
water. 2. They take in air, using the carbon dioxide and throwing off oxygen. 
3. They change the plant food of the soil into a form capable of forming plant 
tissue. 

(b) Air, water, food, and sunshine. 

11. (a) Pollen is carried by bees and by the wind, 
(b) Alfalfa, corn, clover, soy beans, and rape. 

12. Flax, hemp, and cotton are fiber crops. 
Turnips, carrots, and potatoes are root crops. 
Lettuce, peas, and beans are vegetable crops. 

AGRICULTURE ANSWERS 

Lesson IX. 
4-12-18 

1. A soil with small pores will retain moisture better. It will rise more readily in 
soil with large pores and the ground thus loses the moisture. 

2. Soil may be improved by fertilizers, by drainage, and by frequent tillage. 
Farmers cultivate soon after a rain to break the crust and form an earth mulch 
to conserve moisture. 

3. Water, phosphoric acid and nitrates enter the plant through the root, while 
carbon dioxide is taken from the air through the leaves. 

4. See Lesson III, No. 1, and Lesson IV, No. 3. 

5. To make a whip graft, the scion and the stock are both cut with a slanting 
surface. The stock has a slit made in it down lengthwise from the cut, and the 
scion has a small one. The two are pressed together and bound with cord or 
cloth covered with wax. 

The grape is propagated by cuttings. 

6. We supply a transplanted plant with water and then press the soil down firmly 
so as to hold the roots and prevent loss of moisture until the plant can get water 
by its root system. 

7. Without pollination a plant would bear no seed. Bumblebees and honey bees. 

8. Hessian fly, mosquito, chinch bug, grasshopper are injurious. 
Ichneumon fly, lady bird, dragon fly and ant are useful. 

9. Dairy breeds: Jersey, Guernsey, Holstein-Friesian, and Ayrshire. 
Beef breeds: Shorthorn, Hereford, Durham. 

10. By donating, conserving food, and raising large gardens. 

AGRICULTURE ANSWERS 
Lesson X. 

5-9-18 

1. Refers to the war. 

2. (a) Seed corn should be selected from a patch planted from the best ears. These 
seed ears should be selected before harvest time. 

(b) The ears should have all the essentials given in No. 5, Lesson II, and care 
should be taken that it has received no pollen from a scrub stock. 

3. Potatoes should be planted in April for first crop and a later crop in May. 
Spring wheat is. generally sown in April in this locality, and fall wheat in Sep- 
tember. The ground is usually ready for oats by the first of April. Corn must 
be planted when danger of frost is past, usually from the first to the middle of 
May in this latitude. 

4. Left for pupil. 

5. (a) See Lesson I, No. 5. 

(b) Robin, king bird, oriole, meadow lark, and woodpecker. 

(c) The bluejay is sometimes considered harmful because he robs the nests of 
other birds; the English sparrow because of its quarrelsome disposition. 

6. See Lesson V, No. 5. 

7. Nebraska is an agricultural state. Corn is the main crop. 

8. There are too few producers and too many consumers in the world today, there- 



176 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

fore every family should raise a garden for the sake of health, pleasure, and 
economy. 

9. See Lesson II, No. 2. 

10. Refers to the war. 



AGRICULTURE ANSWERS 

Lesson XI. 

4-11-19 

1. A worn out soil may be improved by planting a crop of clover or alfalfa and 
plowing it under, or by adding fertilizers. See Lesson I, No. 6. 

2. Corn should be planted in May in a warm, rich soil. 

Alfalfa should be sown in the summer in a well-prepared seed bed. The soil 
should be fine and mellow on the surface and compact beneath. 
Wheat sown in September or April should have a mellow, firm seed bed with 
loose soil on the surface. 

3. See Lesson X, No. 2, and Lesson III, No. 1. 

4. See Lesson X, No. 5. (b) Toads are very beneficial on account of the many 
harmful insects they destroy. 

5. (a) Root hairs take up water from soil and help to dissolve mineral matter for 
plant food. 

(b) Sunshine furnishes the power to plants to assimilate carbon. In the absence 
of sunlight plants exhale carbon dioxide instead of oxygen and the leaves lose 
their color. 

6. The flower of the plant produces the seed or the germ of the new plant. 

7. See Lesson IX, No. 9, Lesson I, No. 8, and Lesson III, No. 4. 

8. See Lesson V, No. 5, Lesson I, No. 2. 

9. The dragon fly, lady beetle, ichneuman fly, spider and silkworm are useful. 
The mosquito, cotton boll weevil, tick, gypsy moth are harmful. 

See Lesson IX, No. 8. 

10. The ground should be fenced if there is any chance of invasion of farm animals. 
Shrubs and trees should be planted in groups to harmonize with the house. 
The shrubs may be grouped around the house and vines trained over any out- 
building or wall. The lawn surrounding the house should be seeded and kept 
mowed. 



AGRICULTURE ANSWERS 

Lesson XII. 

5-9-19 

1. See Lesson IV, Nos. 4 and 5. 

2. (a) See Lesson XI, No. 2. (b) Millet, timothy and bluegrass. 

3. Holstein cows excel in the amount of milk while the Jersey excels in the quality 
of milk. 

4. See Lesson IV, No. 3. 

5. See Lesson I, Nos. 4 and 5. 

6. See Lesson IV, No. 5. 

7. Leghorn and Minorcas because of their eggs are profitable. Rhode Island Red 
for all-purpose fowl. 

8. See Lesson I, Nos. 1 and 2., and Lesson V, No. 5. 

9. Waste may be prevented on a farm by scientific feeding, rotating crops, care of 
manure. Three things that cause loss in growing crops are: Failure to keep 
the weeds out, insufficient tillage for conserving moisture, and insects or disease 
that harm the plant. 

10. Some advantages of living on a farm are fresh, pure, healthful food, fresh air 
and sunshine, and a free, independent life. Living close to nature tends to bring 
out the best in the character of man. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 177 

AGRICULTURE ANSWERS 

Lesson XIII. 
3-26-20 

1. Soil is the finely pulverized earth in which plants may grow. It is formed di- 
rectly or indirectly by erosion and decaying 1 of plant and animal life. 

2. Soil may be improved by the addition of humus or by frequent tillage. 

3. Left for pupil. 

4. See Lesson III, No. 1, and Lesson IV, No. 3. 

5. Birds should be protected for reasons given in Lesson I, No. 5 Two ways of 
protection are, teaching boys their usefulness, and killing stray cats which live 
upon them. 

6. Left for pupil. 

7. See Lesson I, No. 8, and Lesson IX, No. 9. 

8. Left for pupil. 

9. See Lesson IV, No. 4. 

10. The people of every farm community should organize a club to sustain the same 
relationship as exists between the city and its commercial club. This club could 
encourage good schools, good roads, and establish libraries. Such an organiza- 
tion can be made a power for good in the community. 

AGRICULTURE ANSWERS 

Lesson XIV. 
5-7-20 

1. See Lesson III, No. 1, and Lesson IV, No. 3. 

2. Three reasons for cultivating the soil is to release the plant food, kill the weeds, 
and conserve moisture. 

3. Alfalfa and clover fertilize the soil by bringing up mineral food and adding 
nitrogen taken from the air. 

4. Drainage adds depth to the soil, admits air and thus warms it, improves its 
texture and increases its porosity. 

5. The dairy cow has a spare, angular form. The neck is long and thin, the 
shoulders sharp and the hips prominent. The ribs are long, giving large lung ca- 
pacity and a body capable of holding bulky food. 

6. The working horse should be fed with care. He should have plenty of food, but 
not enough to fatten him. He should be kept in a clean, well ventilated barn. 

7. Left for pupil. 

8. Smut on grain may be prevented by treating the seed with a solution containing 
one pint of formalin to fifty gallons of water. 

9. By careful selection of seed and care after planting, a farmer may improve the 
variety of plants. 

10. The tractor, gasoline engine, and electric light plants have lightened labor. 
Automobiles and trucks add to the improvements. 

AGRICULTURE ANSWERS 

Lesson XV. 

4-8-21 
.1. See Lesson IV, No. 5. Wheat, potatoes, brome grass, speltz, and sugar beets. 

2. The disk plow cuts the soil, pushes it over and crumbles it. The roller is used 
to press the soil down on the subsoil so as to get its moisture. The harrow 
pulverizes the top soil. The cultivator stirs the surface and exterminates the 
weeds. 

3. Left for pupil. 

4. See Lesson I, No. 4; Lesson VI, No. 5. 

5. See Lesson III, No. 1; Lesson IV, No. 3. 

6. See Lesson VI, No. 6. 

7. See Lesson VIII, No. 12. 



178 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

8. See Lesson IV, Nos. 4 and 5. 

9. Plants must have sunshine, air, moisture, and soil to provide food for growth. 
10. See Lesson III, No. 4. Two breeds of sheep are Hampshire Down and American 

Merino. 

AGRICULTURE ANSWERS 

Lesson XVI. 

5-6-21 

1. Plants may be propagated by seed, cuttings, or tubers. Wheat is propagated by 
seed, grapes by cuttings, potatoes by tubers, strawberries by runners, and Ber- 
muda grass by root stocks. , 

2. To kill the weed, to lessen evaporation, and to release plant food. 

3. See Lesson X, No. 7. 

4. The fertility of the soil may be injured by planting the same crop year after 
year or letting weeds exhaust the plant food. The fertility may be improved by 
rotation of crops, adding manure or planting legumes. 

5. See Lesson IV, No. 4. 

6. Corn grows best in the eastern part of Nebraska on account of the abundant 
rainfall. Wheat is raised all over the south and west, but grows best in the 
southwestern part on the large ranches. Alfalfa in the irrigated regions of 
Western Nebraska and in practically all other parts of Nebraska. Potatoes in 
western part of the state where the soil is loose and sandy. Fruit grows in the 
southeastern part where frost does not kill the trees and buds. 

7. (a) See Lesson VI, No. 6. (b) People in the country are most benefited by good 
roads. 

8. See Lesson III, No. 4. (b) The Pekin is the best known breed of ducks, (c) 
White Holland turkey. 

9. EVeryone should have a knowledge of the soil which is the source of food sup- 
ply and of both the useful and harmful plants and animals. 

10. A farm should be close to a good school, on good roads, near a market, possess 
good water, have a healthful location and have fertile soil. 

AGRICULTURE ANSWERS 

Lesson XVII. 

4-7-22 

1. For pupil. 

2. For pupil. See Lesson I, No. 2; Lesson V, No. 5. 

3. Someone has said that the civilization of a country can be measured by the 
condition of its roads. The improvement of roads is one of the most important 
means whereby government aids the industry. 

The farmer uses the wagon-road every day, going to and from the village, 
railroad station, and to and from the school. If the roads are poor, he can 
haul less, it will take more time, cost more for teams, wagons, autos, and alto- 
gether be expensive transportation. With good, well-kept roads he can do his 
hauling quickly and easily. Good means of reaching the markets are nearly as 
important as the ability to raise good products. 

The schools are established to give the boys and girls on the farm the privi- 
leges of an education. It is well known that in many school districts in Ne- 
braska there are miles upon miles of country roads which become so bad in 
winter and early spring that many hundred children cannot reach school for 
days and even weeks at a time. Changing bad roads into good roads is one of 
the best means of promoting rural education. 

4. See Lesson IV, No. 5. 

5. (a) There are many different varieties of hay crops grown, but the principal 
ones are alfalfa, clovers, timothy, redtop. 

(b ) Three root crops, potatoes, beets, and carrots, 
(c) Three vegetable crops, lettuce, beans, and peas. 

6. See Lessons III and IV, Nos. 1 and 3. 

7. See Lessons I, II, and III, Nos. 8, 2, and 4. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 

8. See Lesson IV, No. 4. 

9. See Lesson XIV, No. 2. 
10. See Lesson I, No. 6. 

AGRICULTURE ANSWERS 

Lesson XVIII. 
5-5-22 

1. See Lesson XV, No. 3. 

2. See Lesson XV, No. 2. 

3. See Lesson IV. No. 5. 

4. See Lesson VI, No.4. 

5. See Lesson VIII, No. 12; Lesson XVII, No. 5. 

6. Three conditions necessary for seed germination are proper conditions of mois- 
ture, temperature, plant-food, and air. 

7. Weeds are plants out-of -place. If a plant is a nuisance and occupies space 
which is needed for food plants, it is a weed. 

Five weeds are: thistle, ragweed, pigweed, burdock, and tumbleweed. 
See Lesson I, Nos. 1 and 2. 

8. See Lesson II, No. 2; Lesson III, No. 4, and Lesson X, No. 9. 

9. See Lesson VI, No. 6. 
10. Left for the pupil. 



Physiology 



Lesson I 

PHYSIOLOGY 
4-8-15 

1. Name two uses of the bones. 

2. What is the danger of the public 
drinking cup? How does water in wells 
sometimes become impure? 

3. Why is it important to* keep food 
away* from flies? Why should the mer- 
chant keep his store clean and as free as 
possible from flies? 

4. Tell about two of the following: (a) 
aorta, (b) retina; (c) bacteria; (d) cere- 
brum. 

5. What is the effect of tobacco upou 
the nervous system? 

6. Tell about and name each of the 
layers of skin. 

7. Why do we cook most of our food? 

8. Describe the process of digestion. 

9. What is color blindness? Near sight- 
edness? 

10. What is necessary in the care of 
the ears? 

Lesson II 

PHYSIOLOGY 

5-6-15 

1. Give two ways of ventilating your 
school room. 

2. What is the nervous system? How 
does a continued use of alcohol affect the 
nerves? 

3. What is the function of the lungs? 

4. What is meant by (a) epidemic? 
(b) fumigation? 

5. Tell about two of the following: (a) 
pericardium, (b) esophagus, (c) dia- 
phragm, (d) eustachian tube. 

6. Name the organs of respiration. 

7. Are colds serious? How would you 
treat a cold? What diseases may result 
from colds? 

8. Describe the care of the eyes when 
reading. 

9. Why should not a child sit at a desk 
that is too high? On a high seat? 

10. How would you treat a burn? Frost- 
bite? Fainting? Sunstroke? Drowning? 

Lesson III 

PHYSIOLOGY 
3-9-16 

1. Why should food be well chewed? 

2. Name three contagious diseases 



3. What is.meant by quarantine? Fumi- 
gation? 

4. Are colds contagious? Give reasons 
for your answer. 

5. Are colds serious? Name two di- 
seases that may develop from colds. 

6. How should a cold be treated? 

7. Write ten lines on dangers from 
house flies and how to get rid of them. 

8. Why should we drink plenty of 
water? 

9. How would you treat a sprain? A 
burn? A frost bite? A pin scratch? A 
cut? 

10. Describe a good cold weather exer- 
cise. 

Lesson IV 

PHYSIOLOGY 
4-13-16 

1. How many bones in the human 
body? Describe the structure of a bone. 

2. What do we mean by anatomy? 

3. What is a sprain? A dislocation? 
A fracture? 

4. Describe the effects of alcohol upon 
the heart. 

5. Give the affects of tobacco upon a 
growing boy. 

6. How can you determine whether 
bleeding is from an artery or vein? 

7. If from a vein, how would you 
bandage? If from an artery? 

8. What would you do in case of faint- 
ing? Drowning? Sunstroke? 

9. Write ten lines on ventilating a 
schoolhouse. 

10. What kind of exercise is best? 



Lesson V 

PHYSIOLOGY 
5-5-16 

1. Describe the structure and work of 
the skin. 

2. Where are the kidneys? What is 
their work? 

3. How does alcohol affect the blood? 

4. Name the special senses and their 
organs. 

5. What is the use of the blood? 

6. Name the organs of digestion. 

7. What is food? Why do we need a 
mixed diet? 

8. Name two kinds of muscles. 



(181) 



182 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



9. Write five lines on the use of tea 
and coffee. 

10. Give three reasons why boys should 
not use tobacco. 

Lesson ¥1 

PHYSIOLOGY 
3-22-17 

1. Name three things to be done in 
properly caring for the teeth. 

2. How may school children help in 
keeping scho.ol houses and grounds in a 
sanitary condition? 

3. What is meant by the nervous sys- 
tem? What habits may injuriously affect 
the nervous system? 

4. Give two uses of the blood. 

5. Name two organs that remove bodily 
waste. What can we do to assist these 
organs in their work? 

6. Name the organs of digestion and 
tell how to keep them in a healthy con- 
dition. 

7. What are two of the following: (a) 
salivary glands, (b) enamel, (c) patella, 
(d) eustachian tube? 

8. How should a burn be treated? 

i*. When and how often should a per- 
son bathe? 

10. Wnat is meant by (a) quarantine, 
(b) fumigation? 

Lesson ¥11 

PHYSIOLOGY 
4-19-17 

1. What is a narcotic? Name four. 

2. Is alcohol a food? If so, why? If 
not, why? 

3. How does the use of tobacco affect 
scholarship? 

4. What is the testimony of the athletic 
word against drink? What makes a drunk- 
ard's nose red? His eyes bloodshot? 

5. What are the cilia and of what use 
are they? 

6. Name four juices of the body. Tell 
what food they affect and state their ac- 
tion upon this food. 

7. Give examples of ball and socket 
joint, hinge joint, sliding joint. What is 
the purpose of joints? 

8. Define ligament, vertebrae, sinew, 
periosteum, ganglion, tonsils, capillary, 
diaphragm, larynx, trachea? Explain 
fully. 

9. Show what happens to a breath of 
air, from the time it enters the mouth 
until it comes out of the body. What or- 
gans does it pass through? What does 



it do in the body and what changes come 
to it? 

10. What are adenoids? How do they 
affect a person who has them? What 
should this person do to get relief? 

Lesson ¥111 

PHYSIOLOGY 

5-10-17 
(Answer ten) 

1. What is a quarantine? W T here and 
why is it established? 

2. What diseases should be quaran- 
tined? 

3. What do you understand by "The 
Pure Food Law'"? Name some foods which 
might become impure when exposed to 
dust, and air. 

4. Name four of the chief organs of 
circulation. Of what use are they to you? 

5. Of what does the nervous system 
consist? How is it like a telephone or 
telegraph system? 

6. What is meant by contagious dis- 
ease? Name three contagious diseases. 
What is the duty of the Board of Healtn 
in time of contagious diseases? 

7. What objection should you have to 
using the same drinking cup as the other 
members of the school use? How can 
this be avoided? 

8. Name the special senses. How 
should the eye and ear be protected? (Ex- 
plain fully.) 

9. What do you think is the purpose 
of physical training? 

10. Name some effects of overeating; 
of too rapid eating; of not chewing the 
food. 

11. What are adenoids? How should 
we breathe naturally? How do many 
people breathe, unnaturally? Why? 

Lesson IX 

PHYSIOLOGY 
4-11-18 

1. (a) What can you say of the food 
value of milk? (b) Of alcohol? 

2. What kind of food is necessary in 
a cold climate? In a warm climate? 

3. What are the effects of good exer- 
cise? 

4. How would you ventilate a school 
room ? 

5. Name the chief organs of circula- 
tion, and describe the structure and use 
of each. 

6. How may contagious diseases be 
spread in the school room? 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 



183 



7. Tell how to care for the teeth, and 
give three things that are injurious to the 
teeth. 

8. What are the two general classes of 
muscles? Define and give an example of 
each. 

9. How many hours of sleep are neces- 
sary each day for a young person from 13 
to 15 years of age? 

10. Name five habits that would be 
conducive to health. Which of the fi^e 
do you consider most important? 



Lesson X 

PHYSIOLOGY 

5-9-18 

1. Name three classes of foods. What 
is each class used for in the body? 

2. What are the chief substitutes for 
wheat and meat? Why should we use 
such substitutes freely at this time? 

3. Name the organs of the digestive ap- 
paratus. 

4. Why is it not best to tell exciting or 
distressing news at meal-time? 

5. What are some of the causes of the 
decay of the teeth? 

6. What care should be given to the 
eyes while in school? Name three parts 
of the eye. 

7. How may children help to keep the 
schoolhouse and the grounds in a sani- 
tary condition? What are some of the 
things that should be looked after? 

8. What poison is found in tobacco? 
Name some organs of the body that it 
weakens. 

9. Describe the use of each of the five 
senses. 

10. How is the heat of the body kept 
up? How is it regulated? 

Lesson XI 

PHYSIOLOGY 
4-10-19 

1. How much sleep is necessary for 
boys and girls 13 to 15 years of age? What 
care should be used in regard to sleeping 
rooms? What care in regard to bedding? 
Why should every one use different cloth- 
ing for sleeping than for wearing during 
the day? 

2. How should the eyes be protected 
while one is reading? What care must 
be taken in their use after illness? How 
can one determine when glasses are 
needed? What danger to the eyes is the 
use of a public towel? 

3. What is the purpose of quarantine? 



Of what value is it? Why is it necessary? 
Should we obey quarantine laws carefully 
and cheerfully? Why or why not? 

4. Describe a good sitting posture? Tell 
how to stand correctly. What effect does 
a good position have on (a) appearance? 
(b) growth? (c) health? 

5. How may flies prove dangerous to 
health? What can boys and girls do to 
help get rid of flies at home? At school? 

6. Tell how teeth help to keep the body 
in good condition. How often should they 
be cleaned? What may cause the teeth to 
decay? How can decay be prevented? 

7. Name three forms and three uses of 
bones. Locate the following: patella, 
femur, humerus, frontal, tibia. 

8. If a playmate should fall and break 
his leg, what should be done? In case 
of accident resulting in a severe cut on 
the arm, causing blood to spurt from the 
wound, how would you proceed? 

9. What do the lungs do for the body? 
Give three things that we should do in 
order that they may perform their work 
in the best way. 

10. Distinguish between voluntary and 
involutary muscles. Give an example of 
each. 

Lesson XII 

PHYSIOLOGY 

5-8-19 

1. Nearly all soldiers who have re- 
turned from service in the army have 
gained in weight. What is the reason? 

2. What does it mean to disinfect a 
room? Is it necessary to disinfect school- 
rooms? How may this be done? 

3. What is the danger in the use of a 
common drinking cup ? What is the impor- 
tance of frequent bathing in combatting 
disease? 

4. Describe the changes that occur in 
bones with advancing age. How does 
this effect the mending of a broken bone? 
Why is a severe strain worse than a 
broken bone? 

5. What is a tendon? Of what use is 
it? Why does an injured tendon heal 
more slowly than an injured bone or 
muscle? 

6. What is a gland? Name and locate 
the glands that secrete the various di- 
gestive fluids? 

7. Define diaphragm, tonsils, adenoids, 
corpuscles, larynx. 

8. Why do we have more colds in win- 
ter than in summer? Is there any danger 
in having a cold? How may one avoid 
colds? 

9. Give two reasons why the food 



184 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



should be well chewed before it is swal- 
lowed. What generally results from a 
habit of swallowing food before it is prop- 
erly chewed? 

10. What changes does the air undergo 
in the lungs? Why is it necessary to 
breathe pure air? 

Lesson XIII 

PHYSIOLOGY 
3-25-20 

1. What is the importance of daily exer- 
cise? 

2. What are the uses of the skin? How 
may it be kept in good condition? 

3. Why should individual towels and 
drinking cups be used in school? 

4. Are the following beneficial or harm- 
ful and in what way? 

Drinking coffee, wearing high heeled 
shoes, eating slowly, sleeping with win- 
dow open, brushing the teeth, playing 
out of doors. 

5. What is the blood? How does it be- 
come impure? How is it made pure? 

6. How can the medical inspection of 
school pupils be made beneficial? 

7. What are contagious diseases? Name 
three. What should be done with a per- 
son who has a contagious disease? 

8. The other morning I had for my 
breakfast the following: a baked apple, 
corn flakes and cream, a piece of buttered 
toast, a poached egg and a glass of milk. 
Why or why not was it a good breakfast? 

9. Name the organs of the body that 
aid in digestion. How? 

10. Tell what and where each of the 
following is: biceps, aorta, iris, cerebrum, 
corpuscles. 

Lesson XIV 

PHYSIOLOGY 
5-6-20 

1. Of what use to the body are fruits, 
water, salt, butter, vegetables? 

2. Should dust be removed from school 
room desks by means of a damp cloth or 
a feather duster? Explain. 

3. Where should a well be located with 
reference to the buildings on the farm? 

4. Why is open air exercise better than 
indoor exercise? 

5. Name and briefly describe the or- 
gans of -circulation. 

6. Name five good health habits. 

7. Plan a school lunch, naming the 
articles of food and give reasons for their 
selection. 

8. Write a few lines about "Fresh Air." 



9. Name the parts of the tooth, tell of 
what it is composed, and describe a good 
method of caring for teeth. 

10. Define physiology, hygiene. 

Lesson XV 

PHYSIOLOGY 
4-7-21 

1. Name the organs of the digestive 
system, stating the work performed by 
each. 

2. Name the organs of the respiratory 
system, stating the work performed by 
each. 

3. Name the organs of the circulatory 
system, stating the work performed by 
each. 

4. Why is it necessary that food be well 
chewed? 

5. Write a brief paragraph on the care 
of the teeth. 

6. Why is a good supply of fresh air 
necessary? 

7. Write a brief paragraph on the venti- 
lation of a sleeping room. 

8. What is meant by the word "conta- 
gious" when used in reference to a dis- 
ease? Give some ways of preventing the 
spread of contagious diseases. 

9. How is circulation affected by pos- 
ture and carriage? 

10. How much sleep should an eighth 
grade pupil have? Why? 

Lesson XVI 

PHYSIOLOGY 
5-5-21 

1. Why should our food be well chewed? 
What are the bad effects of rapid eating? 

2. Name the organs of circulation. 
Give a brief description of the heart. 

3. Name the special senses. Give rules 
for the care of the eyes. 

4. Name three contagious diseases. 
Mention two ways by which these diseases 
may be controlled. 

5. What are the general effects of the 
use of alcohol upon the body? Why is the 
use of tobacco especially harmful to a 
growing boy? 

6. Give a full explanation of how each 
of the following accidents should be 
treated: drowning, clothing on fire. 

7. Distinguish between voluntary and 
involuntary muscles. Give an example of 
each. 

8. What is meant by epidemic? Fumi 
gation? 

9. Tell what and where each of the 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 



185 



following is: pericardium, esophagus, cere- 
brum, eustachian tube, aorta. 

10. What is the danger in the use of 
the common drinking cup? Common 
towel? 

Lesson XVII. 

PHYSIOLOGY 

4-6-22 

1. Tell briefly how to care for the 
teeth. 

2. Tell briefly how you would ventilate 
a school room. 

3. (a) Why should we sit and stand 
erect? (b) Give two causes of round 
shoulders and curvature of the spine. 

4. Write five rules for keeping the body 
in good health. 

5. What are two of the following: 
Aorta, Cerebrum, Spinal column, Perios- 
teum, Cuticle. 

6. Trace the circulation of the blood 
through the body. 

7. What is meant by (a) Quarantine, 
(b) Fumigation? Name three diseases 
that should be quarantined. 

8. What is the danger of the common 
drinking cup? How does well water some- 
times become impure? 

9. Write ten lines on the dangers from 
house flies and hew to get rid of them. 



10. What are voluntary muscles? In- 
voluntary muscles? Give an example of 
each. 



Lesson XVIII. 

PHYSIOLOGY 
5-4-22 

1. Name the organs of circulation. Give 
a brief description o_f the heart. 

2. (a) Name the parts of the nervous 
system, (b) Name five special sens? or- 
gans. 

3. What are the functions and uses of 
the skin and how may It be kept in a 
healthy condition? 

4. Name at least five things necessary 
to keep the body in a healthy cendition. 

5. What are adenoids? How may their 
presence be detected? 

6. Explain the need of ventilation. 

7. Name three contagious diseases. 
How can they be controlled? 

8. Are the following beneficial or 
harmful and in what way: drinking cof- 
fee, eating slowly, sleeping with open win- 
dow, playing outdoors, smoking cigarettes? 

9. Should common drinking cups and 
common towels be used? Why? 

10. What are some of the evil effects 
of overeating, improper mastication, and 
rapid eating? 



Physiology Answers 



4. 



PHYSIOLOGY ANSWERS 

Lesson I. 

4-8-15 

Bones are used: 1. To provide a frame work for the body. 2. For protection and 
support. 

The public drinking cup is covered with saliva in which are millions of germs. 

Often the bacteria of tuberculosis reach the body by being scraped from the drinking 

cup. 

A well near a barnyard or cess pool may become impure on account of the foul 

liquids entering the soil and following the rock crevices into the writer of the well. 

The germs of typhoid often find their way into drinking water in this manner. 

(a) The foot of a fly is covered with hairs to which thousands of germs cling and 
are carried to food over which the fly walks. 

(b) Since a merchant supplies food to hundreds of people, and the lives of an 
entire community might be endangered through that source, he should keep hi3 
store clean and free from flies. . 

The aorta is the chief artery in the trunk and is located just in front of the back- 
bone. It receives the blood from the left ventricle. It gives off more than a score 
of branches to different parts of the body. 

(b) The retina is the inner coat of the eye. It is the organ upon which the rays 
of light make an impression to be carried to the brain. 



186 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

6. Men who use tobacco to excess become nervous, lose their appetite for wholesome 
food and show a distinct loss in efficiency. The brain is dulled and lapses of mem- 
ory often occur. 

6. The outer layer of skin or epidermis is composed of a mass of cells; the lower 
layer which contains pigment or coloring matter. The dermis or true skin con- 
sists of a network of blood vessels, nerves, several million sweat glands and the 
oil glands. 

7. Cooking food makes it more palatable and easier to digest. The last is especially 
true of the starchy foods. 

8. The food is acted upon in the mouth by the saliva which acts upon the starch. On 
entering the stomach the food is churned and acted upon by the gastric juice which 
acts upon the albumin, and reduces the food to a mixture called chyme. It then 
passes into the small intestine where it is acted upon by pancreatic juice and bile. 
These act upon the fats and sugar and forms it into a condition ready for absorp- 
tion. This absorption is finished in the large intestine and the waste passes off. 

9. Color blindness is caused by a lack of one of the color nerves and a person afflicted 
fails to see this primary color; for instance, if he is red-blind, purple would look 
blue to him since he could not detect the red rays. 

Near sighted persons cannot see objects distinctly, unless they are held near the 
eye. Those who read with the book nearer than 16 inches to the eye are near- 
sighted. 

10. Hard objects should never be pushed into the outer ear for fear of breaking the ear 
drum. If the wax collects in too large quantities it should be removed with a moist 
soft cloth. The ear should never be pulled or slapped. Water should be kept out 
of the ears when swimming or diving by inserting a wad of cotton. 

PHYSIOLOGY ANSWERS 

Lesson II. 

5-6-15 

1. Several windows raised two or three inches from the bottom and pulled down as 
much from the top on the same side of a room, gives good ventilation. Another way 
is the jacketed stove where the cold air flows in from below through a pipe, is 
heated and passes over the room while the foul air is drawn up the chimney. 

2. The nervous system is made up of the brain, the spinal cord, and the nerves. 
Alcohol has a weakening effects on the nervous system and renders it liable to 
disease. It often causes insanity. 

3. The lungs are the chief organs of respiration. They supply the blood with oxygen 
and take up and throw off the carbon dioxide. 

4. .(a) An epidemic is where disease affects a great many in a community at the same 
time. 

(b) Fumigation is practiced to kill the germs of disease in a room by the fumes 
of some disinfectant. 

5. (a) The pericardium is the sac of serous membrane inclosing the heart. 

(b) The esophagus is the tube which takes the food from the throat to the stomach. 

(c) The diaphragm is the breathing muscle separating the cavity of the chest from 
the abdomen. 

(d) The eustachian tube leads from the ear to the pharynx. 

6. The organs of respiration are the lungs, the nose, the throat, larynx and trachea, 
the bronchial tubes and the diaphragm. 

7. Colds are more serious than most people think. A hot foot bath and a hot drink 
will often cure a cold in the beginning. The patient should go to bed and keep 
very warm. Bronchitis and pneumonia may result from colds. 

8. Hold the book at least one foot from the eyes. The light should be steady and should 
not come from the front. We should not read with the sun shining on the page. 

9. Sitting at a desk that is too high causes the bones to grow in a bad shape and is a 
strain on the nerves. The high seat raises the feet from the floor and is uncomfort- 
able and fatiguing because the weight is not balanced. 

10. (a) A burn should be treated by applying baking soda and covering with a sterile 
bandage. 

(b) Rub a frost bite with snow or a cloth wrung out of, ice water until the flow of 
blood is restored. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 187 

(c) Lay a fainting person flat on the floor, loosen clothing, open windows and 
throw cold water on the face. 

(d) In sunstroke remove the person to the shade, prop him up and loosen the 
clothing. Apply cold water or ice bags to the head. 

(e) Turn a drowning person face downward, force the water from the lungs, pull 
the tongue between the teeth and apply artificial respiration. 

PHYSIOLOGY ANSWERS 

Lesson III. 

3-9-16 

1. Food should be well chewed to thoroughly mix it with the saliva and break it into 
small pieces. 

2. Scarlet fever, small pox, measles. 

3. (a) Quarantine is the compulsory imprisonment of persons who have been with a 
person with a contagious disease to prevent them carrying the microbes to other 
people. 

(b) See Lesson II., question 4. 

4. Colds are considered "contagious. They are caused by germs and these germs are 
thrown into the air by coughing, sneezing or spitting. 

5. Answered in Lesson II., question 7. 

6. Answered in Lesson II., question 7. 

7. The dangers of flies is discussed in L'esson I., question 3. 

In order to get rid of flies one should clean up all filth and breeding places. They 
should kill as many as possible early in the spring, before they breed and keep fly 
traps out all summer. 

8. The body requires about three quarts of water daily to supply the wants of the 
tissues and wash the impurities out of the system. Since our food does not supply 
more than a quart of this, at least six glasses of water should be drunk. 

9. (a) A sprain should be put in hot water for a half hour and then frequently mas- 
saged. 

(b) and (c) Answered in Lesson II., question 10. 

(d) A pin scratch should be disinfected with iodine and bandaged to prevent blood 
poisoning. 

(e) A cut should be carefully washed and a germ killer such as turpentine or iodine 
should be poured into it, after which it should be bandaged. 

10. If it is impossible to get out of doors, open a window and stand erect with hands 
clasped straight overhead. Bend at hips and try to touch the floor. Resume erect 
position and bend back as far as possible. Continue until moderately tired. 
Running or skating are good out door exercises for cold weather. 

PHYSIOLOGY ANSWERS 

Lesson IV. 

4-3-16 

1. There are two hundred six bones in the human body. The surface of bones is made of 
hard compact substance while within it is loose and spongy. The long bones have 
a cavity in the center filled with marrow. Every bone is covered with a tough mem- 
brane called periosteum. 

2. Anatomy is the study treating of the parts of the body. 

3. A sprain is an injury due to a sudden wrenching or tearing of the ligaments of a 
joint. 

(b) A dislocation is the displacement of a bone from its normal position in a joint. 

(c) A fracture is a broken bone. 

4. Alcohol weakens the heart, causes it to enlarge and changes some of the muscular 
fibers into fat. 

5. Tobacco affects the nervous, digestive and circulatory systems. In young persons, 
the use of tobacco causes the bones to grow about one fourth slower than in healthy 
boys and girls. It prevents the growth of the muscles by causing the small blood 
vessels to contract and thus shutting off the nourishment. 



188 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

6. The flow of blood from an artery is by spurts while that from a vein is a steady 
stream. 

7. If a vein is cut a tight bandage should be placed on the side of the wound away 
from the heart, but if an artery is cut, the cloth must be placed between the wound 
and the heart. 

8. Answered in Lesson II., question 10. 

9. Answered in Lesson II., question 1. 

10. Outdoor exercise is best, and one that uses every muscle of the body. 

PHYSIOLOGY ANSWERS 

Lesson V. 

5-5-16 

1. See Lesson I., No. 6, for structure of the skin. 

The work of the skin is to help in removing the waste from the body, to support 
the sense organs of feeling, to regulate the temperature of the body and to protect 
the delicate parts beneath. 

2. The kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, one on each side of the middle rib. 
The work of the kidneys is to collect certain wastes and poisons from the blood, 
and to pass them out of the body. 

3. Alcohol destroys the red corpuscles, weakens the white corpuscles, thus inrceasing 
the danger of disease; and expands the "blood vessels. 

4. The organ of the sense of sight is the eye; that of smell, the nose; of hearing, the 
ear; of taste, the tongue and mouth; of feeling, the skin. 

5. The blood transports food to the cells, removes the waste from the cells to the ex- 
cretory organs, equalizes the temperature of the body, protects the body from in- 
fections, and carries secretions from internal glands which control growth. 

6. See Lesson I., No. 8, and Lesson VI., No. 6. 

7. Food is any substance taken into the body to nourish life. Since no single food 
provides all the food elements needed in the body we need a mixed diet. 

8. Voluntary and involuntary muscles. 

9. Tea and coffee contain a harmful alkaloid called theine and caffeine which has a bad 
effect upon the heart. The drinking of tea and coffee at meal time hinders the 
thorough mastication of food and thus causes indigestion. 

10. See Lesson IV., No. 5. 

PHYSIOLOGY ANSWERS 

Lesson VI. 

3-22-17 

1. (1) Teeth should be brushed twice each day. 

(2) The teeth should be examined every six months by a dentist and decayed places 
repaired. 

(3) No one should bite off thread, or finger nails, or crack nuts with the teeth as 
it cracks the enamel. 

2. School children may keep the grounds and school houses free from rubbish or filth; 
see that the windows are screened to keep out the flies; and clean the mud from 
their shoes before entering the building. 

3. (a) See Lesson II., No. 2. 

(b) The use of tobacco, alcohol, tea or coffee or the thinking of bad thoughts may 
injure the nervous system. 

4. See Lesson V., No. 5. 

5. The kidneys and skin. We should keep the skin clean by frequent bathing and 
, regulate our diet so as not to overwork the kidneys. Drinking plenty of water also 

helps. 

6. The organs of digestion are the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, oesophagus or 
stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine and large intestine. To 
keep these organs in a healthy condition we should exercise, avoid overeating and 
eating between meals. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 189 

7. (a) The salivary glands are located in the mouth and secrete saliva to aid digestion. 

(b) The enamel is the hard outer covering of the teeth. 

(c) The patella is a bony disk covering and protecting the knee joint. 

8. See Lesson II., No. 10. 

9. The hot bath for cleansing should be taken at least once each week and a stimulat- 
ing cold bath every morning. 

10. See Lesson III., No. 3. 

PHYSIOLOGY ANSWERS 

Lesson VII. 

4-19-17 

1. A narcotic is a drug which tends to deaden pain, produce sleepiness and make some 
of the organs act more slowly. 

(b) Alcohol, tobacco, laudanum, cocaine. 

2. Alcohol is not a food because it cannot be used day after day without hurting some 
of the organs of the body, and it does not help to build up any tissue in the body. 

3. Tobacco is a narcotic and dulls the mind, weakens the eyes and wrecks the entire 
system. 

4. No athlete while in training uses alcohol because it has been proved that alcohol 
makes the nerves unsteady, weakens the heart, causes its user to tire easily, and 
lose control of his muscles. Blood shot eyes and red nose are caused by the enlarged 
arteries whose walls have been relaxed by continued use of alcohol. 

5. The cilia are the hair-like parts of cells lining the nose and air tubes. They catch 
dust and mucus and move them outward by constantly waiving. 

6. (1) Saliva changes starch to sugar. 

(2) Gastric juice acts upon the albumin and changes it into a fluid called chyme. 

(3) Pancreatic juice acts on all kinds of foods and prepares them for the blood. 

(4) Bile acts upon fats and sugar. 

7. The shoulder has a ball-and-socket joint. The elbow is a hinge joint. Sliding joints 
(also called gliding joints) are found in the ankle and wrist also the patella sliding 
over the end of the femur in the knee joint. 

The use of joints is to give motion to the bones. 

8. (1) A ligament is the fibrous structure that holds the ends of bones together at the 
joints 

(2) Vertebrae are the bones of the spinal column. 

(3) The sinews attach the muscles to the bones. 

(4) Periosteum is the membrane around the bones. 

(5) A ganglion is a bunch of nerve cells. 

(6) Tonsils are the large lymph glands, one on each side of the tongue in the back 
of the mouth. 

(7) A capillary is the smallest blood tube. 

(8) Diaphragm, See Lesson II., No. 5. 

(9) The larynx is the voice box at the top of the trachea. 

(10) The trachea is the air tube from the pharynx to the lungs. 

9. A breath of air passes through the nose into the pharynx, then through the trachea 
into the right and left bronchi; from the bronchi into the bronchial tubes or 
branches which carry it into all barts of the lungs. Here it gives over part of its 
oxygen to the blood and receives carbondioxide which is breathed out. 

10. Adenoids are spongy growths at the back part of the nose. They prevent nose 
breathing and cause partial deafness. They also dull the mind by pressing on the 
blood vessels leading to the brain. They should be removed by a physician. 

PHYSIOLOGY ANSWERS 

Lesson VIII. 

5-10-17 

1. See Lesson III., question 3. 

2. Contagious diseases should be quarantined. 

3. The pure food law prohibits the use of harmful substances and adulterations in food. 



190 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

Milk soon becomes unfit for use when exposed to dust and air. Butter and meat 
must be protected, also. 

4. Heart, pumps the blood, the arteries carry the blood away from the heart, the veins 
return the blood to the heart, and the capillaries take the blood from the arteries 
to the veins when it begins its return journey. 

5. (a) See Lesson II., No. 2. 

(b) The nerves are similar to a telegraph system because they are always carrying 
messages from the brain to the muscles and organs or from the various parts of 
the body to the brain. 

6. (a) A contagious disease is one that can be transmitted to others through germs. 

(b) See Lesson III., No. 2. 

(c) The Board of Health should quarantine the home and see that they obey rules 
of sanitation. 

7. See Lesson I., No. 2. Every school should have individual drinking cups or a drink- 
ing fountain. 

8. See Lesson V., No. 4; Lesson, I., No. 10; Lesson II., No. 8. 

9. Physical, training is to develop the muscles, increase chest expansion, form correct 
habits of standing, walking and breathing, and improve the general health. 

10. Overeating fills the stomach so that the churning process is hindered and the gas- 
tric juice is not secreted as it should be. Too rapid eating causes insufficient masti- 
cation. If the food is not well chewed it is not mixed with the saliva and therefore 
the starch is not changed to sugar! and the food is not broken into small bits as it 
should be. 

11. (a) See Lesson VII., No. 10. 

(b) We should breathe through the nose. 

(c) Many people breathe through the mouth because the nasal passage is stopped 
by adenoids. 

PHYSIOLOGY ANSWERS 

Lesson IX. 

4-11-18 

1. (a) Milk contains all the food elements needed for the body. It is easily digested 
and is an excellent food for children and invalids. 

(b) See Lesson VII., No. 2. 

2. Heat and energy producing foods are needed in a cold climate. The fuel foods are 
sugars, starch and fats. 

(b) In a warm, climate the lean meats and leaf vegetables are best. 

3. Exercise increases the circulation of the blood, helps digestion, develops muscles 
and benefits the general health. 

4. See Lesson II., question 1. 

5. See Lesson VIII., question 4. 

6. Contagious diseases may be spread in a school room by the use of a common drink- 
ing cup, dust, coughing or spitting, and insufficient ventilation. 

7. See Lesson VI., question 1. 

8. The biceps are voluntary, the heart is involuntary muscles. 

9. From nine to ten hours of sleep are necessary for a person from 13 to 15 years of 
age. 

10. (a) Cleanliness. (2) Slow eating. (3) sufficient sleep. (4) Exercise in open air. 
(5) Clean thoughts, 
(b) Cleanliness is most important. 

PHYSIOLOGY ANSWERS 

Lesson X. 

5-9-18 

1. Protein, fats, carbohydrates. The protein foods are the tissue builders, the fats and 
carbohydrates furnish heat and energy. 

2. Refers to war time. 

3. See Lesson I., No. 8. 






QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 191 

4. Excitement or distress stops the flow of the digestive juices. 

5. Bits of food particles left on the teeth, cracking of nuts or biting of thread with the 
teeth, failure to make regular visits to the dentist cause- teeth to decay. 

6 (a) Answered in Lesson II., question 8. 
(b) The retina, iris and cornea. 

7. See Lesson VI., question 2. 

8. Nicotine is a poison found in tobacco. It affects the heart and weakens it. 

9. See Lesson V., No. 4. 

10. The heat of the body is maintained by the food eaten daily and by the cells if no 
foo<J is eaten. It is regulated by the sweat glands in the skin. 

PHYSIOLOGY ANSWERS 

Lesson XI. 

4-10-19 

1. (a) Answered in Lesson IX., No. 9. 

(b) Sleeping rooms must be well ventilated. 

(c) Bedding should be clean and aired often. 

(d) The clothing worn during the day is covered with the germs and wastes from 
the body and should be aired at night. 

2. (a) See Lesson II., question 8. 

(b) When recovering from sickness the eyes should not be used in reading or sew- 
ing and should be shielded from a strong light. 

(c) An eye test should be used to determine whether glasses are needed or not. 

(d) Disease germs often lurk in the public towel and cause eye diseases. 

3. (a) See Lesson III., question 3. 

(b) Quarantine laws should be obeyed because the health of a community may be 
endangered by not obeying. 

4. (a) Sit erect, so that the trunk is kept straight and any inclination should occur at 
the hip joint. The standing position must be in balance, the weight carried on the 
balls of the feet and the head help up. 

(b) The posture we assume while growing will determine the shape of our bodies 
when we become grown. 

(c) A correct posture allows the organs in the chest and abdomen to act in a free 
and unobstructed way. 

5. See Lesson I., question 3, and Lesson III., question 7. 

6. The health of the body depends largely upon well chewed food and this cannot be 
done if the teeth are in poor condition. See Lesson VI., No. 1., and Lesson X., No. 5. 

7. For uses of the bones see Lesson I., No. 1. Three forms of bones are long, flat and ir- 
regular. 

(b) The patella is the bony disk over the knee, the femur is the thigh bone extend- 
ing from the hip to the knee, the humerus reaches from the shoulder to the elbow, 
the frontal bone is in the head, and the tibia is one of the bones between the knee 
and the ankle. 

8. (a) A surgeon should be sent for. If the person must be moved, hold the broken 
bones in place by binding a narrow' board or stick on each side of the, fracture, 
(b) See Lesson IV., No. 7. 

9. (a) See Lesson II., No. 3. 

(b) We should breathe deeply, exercise in the open air and refrain from using 
tobacco. 

10. Voluntary muscles are those that can be moved when one wishes, while involuntary 
muscles cannot be controlled by the will, 
(b) See Lesson IX., question 8. 

PHYSIOLOGY ANSWERS 

Lesson XII. 

5-8-19 

1. The physical training and healthful habits of the soldiers caused their gain in 
weight. 



192 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

2. See Fumigation, Lesson II., question 4. School rooms should be disinfected. This 
may be done by formaldehyde fumes. 

3. (a) See Lesson I., question2. 

(b) Frequent bathing keeps the pores of the skin open so that the poisons of the 
body are thrown off. 

4. The bones of an pld person .are hard and brittle and when broken the ends usually 
separate owing to the pull of the muscles, and it is hard to set properly. It m'ay 
take several months to knit together. 

A sprain often results in stiffness and permanent weakness. 

5. A tendon is the fibrous cord which is used to attach the muscles to the bone. When 
the tendon is torn loose stiffness often results becaue it does not heal easily on ac- 
count of the constant pulling and strain. 

6. (a) A gland is an organ of secretion, 
(b) See Lesson I., question 8. 

7. The corpuscles are the blood cells. See Lesson VII., Nos. 8-10. 

8. Badly ventilated houses and extreme changes in temperature cause colds in winter. 
They are dangerous and may be avoided by wearing heavy outer wraps, avoiding 
extreme changes in clothing and keeping away from persons affected with a cold. 

9. See Lesson III., No. 1. Indigestion is the result of badly chewed food. 

10. Air loses some of its oxygen and takes up carbon dioxide in the lungs. Impure air 
does not contain oxygen, is of high temperature and high humidity. 

PHYSIOLOGY ANSWERS 

Lesson XIII, 

3-25-20 

1. See Lesson IX., question 3. 

2. See Lesson V., question 1. The skin should have a daily bath to keep it in good con- 
dition. 

3. See Lesson I., question 2, and Lesson XL, question 2. 

4. (a) See Lesson V., No. 9. 

(b) Wearing high heeled shoes is harmful because the weight of the body is thrown 
on the toes instead of the ball of the foot and deformity is the result. 

(c) See Lesson VIII., question 10. 

(d) Sleeping with open windows is beneficial because it supplies the lungs with 
oxygen and fresh air. 

(e) See Lesson VI., question 1. 

(f) Playing out of doors is beneficial because it supplies the body with fresh air as 
well as exercises the muscles. 

6. Blood is the fluid that supplies the cells with food and oxygen. It becomes impure 
by taking up the wastes and carbon dioxide from the cells. It is purified in the 
lungs where it leaves its waste and receives oxygen. 

6. Medical inspection often shows that there is a physical cause for dullness in the 
pupil which can be remedied. By removing contagion it makes school safe for other 
pupils. 

7. See Lesson VIII., question 1, 2, and 6. 

8. This was a well balanced meal because it contained all the food elements. 

9. See Lesson I., question 8. 

10. (a) The biceps is the large flexor muscle on the front of the upper arm. 

(b) See Lesson I., No. 4. 

(c) The iris is a curtain back of the cornea in the eye and gives color to the eye. 

(d) The cerebrum is the large part of the brain and is the seat of mind. 

(e) Corpuscles are the cells of the blood. They are the carriers in the blood. 

PHYSIOLOGY ANSWERS 

Lesson XIV. 

5-6-20 
1. Fruits, water and salt, supply minerals to the body. Fruit supplies some sugar. 
Butter supplies fat, and vegetables contain carbohydrates, protein and minerals. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 193 

2. Dust should be removed by a damp cloth because a feather duster just brushes the 
dust into the room where it soon settles again on the desks. 

3. A well should be located higher than the farm buildings so that the waste and 
foul water will not drain into it. 

4. See Lesson XIII., No. 4. 

5. See Lesson VIII, question 4. 

6. See Lesson IX., question 10. 

7. A school lunch should contain fruit, sandwiches containing a filling of protein, a 
salad of fresh vegetables, some cake and milk. These contain all the food elements 
needed. 

8. Previously answered. See Lesson XIIL, No. 4. 

9. Enamel, a hard bony substance; dentine, an ivory substance; and pulp containing 
the nerves and blood vessels. 

(b) See Lesson VI., question 1. 
10. Physiology treats of the use of the different organs of the body. Hygiene is the 
study of the care of the body. 

PHYSIOLOGY ANSWERS 

Lesson XV. 

4-7-21 

1. See Lesson L, No. 8. 

2. See Lesson II. No. 6. 

3. See Lesson VIII., No. 4. 

4. See LessonllL, question 1, and Lesson VIII., question 10. 

5. See Lesson XI., question 6. 

6. In order to supply the corpuscles of the blood with oxygen. The oxygen burns up 
the worn out parts of the body. 

7. A sleeping room should have a window open at the top and bottom. A board may 
be used in the bottom opening to prevent the wind blowing directly on the sleeper. 

8. See Lesson VIII., question 1, 2, and 6. 

9. A bad sitting posture obstructs the organs in the chest and abdomen. Improper 
habits in walking cause round shoulders, flat chest and weak heart action. 

10. An eighth grade pupil should have ten hours sleep in order that the nervous sys- 
tem should have complete rest. 

PHYSIOLOGY ANSWERS 

Lesson XVI. 

5-5-21 

1. See Lesson III., question 1, and Lesson VIII., question 10. 

2. (a) See Lesson VIII., question 4. 

(b) The heart is situated in the chest slightly on the left side. It is a hollow 
muscle and has the power of contracting and relaxing at regular periods. It contains 
four chambers, the two upper called auricles and the two lower ones ventricles. 

3. (a) See Lesson V., question 4. 
(b) See Lesson II., question 8. 

4. See Lesson VIII., question 6. 

5. See Lesson IV., question 4; Lesson V., question 3; Lesson VII., questions 2, 3, and 
4; and Lesson I., question 5. 

6. (a) See Lesson II., No. 10. 

(b) If the clothing catches fire keep the person out of a draft, throw him on the 
floor and roll him until the flames are extinguished or wrap him in a rug or quilt. 

7. See Lesson XL, question 10. 

8. See Lesson II, question 4. 

9. (a) The pericardium is the membrane around the heart. 

(b) The esophagus is the tube from the throat to the stomach. 

(c) Cerebrum is the large brain. 



194 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

(d) Eustachian tube leads from the ear to the pharynx. 

(e) The aorta is the chief artery. See Lesson I., No. 4. 
10. See Lesson I., question 2, and Lesson XL, question 2. 

PHYSIOLOGY ANSWERS 

Lesson XVII. 

4-6-22 

1. See Lesson VI., No. 1, also Lesson XL, No. 6. 

2. See Lesson II., No. 1, or Lesson IX., No. 4. 

3. (a) See Lesson XL, No. 4. 
(b) The two reasons for round shoulders and curvature of the spine are, sitting 
at too high desks or the seat being so high that the child cannot touch the floor 
with his feet. 

4. See Lesson IX., N'o. 10. 

5. See Lesson I., No. 4, and Lesson VII., No. 8. 
Spinal cord, the part of the nervous system that is contained inside the backbone. 
The cuticle is the outer skin composed of flat cells. 

The folloiving should be committed to memory by pupils: 

6. The circulation traced: The blood comes from the tissues through the veins and 
enters the right auricle, goes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle, 
then through the semilunar valve it enters the pulmonary artery. Traversing the 
capillaries of the lungs, it goes by the pulmonary veins to the left auricle, then 
through the mitral valve to the left ventricle, thence into the aorta by the semi- 
lunar valve, thence to the capillaries of the system, thence to the veins, and through 
them it returns to the heart, completing the circulation. ("Williams Healthful 
Living," published by the Macmillian Co., New York.) 

7. See Lesson VI., No. 10, and Lesson VIIL, No. 2. 

8. See Lesson I., No. 2; Lesson XIV., No. 3, and Lesson XVI., No. 10. 

9. See Lesson III., No. 7. 
10. See Lesson XI, No. 10. 

PHYSIOLOGY ANSWERS 

Lesson XVIII. 

5-4-22 

1. See Lesson XVI., No. 2. 

2. (a) See Lesson VIIL, No. 5. 
(b) See Lesson V., No. 4. 

3. See Lesson XIII., No. 2. 

4. See Lesson IX., No. 10. 

5. See Lesson VII., No. 10. 

6. See Lesson XV., No. 6. 

7. See Lesson VIIL, No. 6, and Lesson III., No. 2. 

8. See Lesson XIII. , No. 4, and Lesson I., No. 5. 
Smoking cigarettes is harmful as it affects the heart, retards the growth of the 
body, makes the person nervous, affects the eyes, hinders the development of the 
soul, mind, and body. No person can smoke cigarettes and develop into a strong, 
healthy man. 

9. See Lesson XVI., No. 10. 
10. See Lesson VIIL, No. 10. 



History Questions 



Lesson I 

HISTORY AND CIVICS 

4-8-15 

(Answer ten) 

1. Who is (a) President of the United 
States? (b) Secretary of state? (c) Gov- 
ernor of Nebraska? (d) State superin- 
tendent of schools? (e) Your County Su- 
perintendent? 

2. Name an early English explorer and 
tell something of him. When and where 
was the first permanent English settle- 
ment made? 

3. Tell something of conditions in Eu- 
rope which led people to come to America 
to settle. What condition in Europe at 
present? How will it probably affect emi- 
gration fro-m Europe to America? 

4. Name the thirteen original colonies. 

5. Tell something of the improvements 
in navigation since Columbus made his 
voyage to America. 

6. Make a statement about two of 
these: Zeppelin, Marconi, Wilbur Wright. 

7. What is meant by International 
Peace? By the Monroe Doctrine? 

8. What is meant by woman's suffrage? 

9. Name three generals in the Revolu- 
tionary War. The Civil War. 

10. What led to the settlement of Mary- 
land? Georgia? Pennsylvania? 

11. What is meant by the recall of pub- 
lic officers? 

12. Why do people pay taxes? 

Lesson II 

HISTORY AND CIVICS 

5-6-15 

(Answer ten) 

1. Tell of the making of the first Amer- 
ican flag. Who made it? What does each 
part represent. How many stars and 
stripes now? Who wrote the "Star 
Spangled Banner"? 

2. What is civil service? Do you think 
it is a good thing? Why? 

3. What is meant by Equal Suffrage? 
By Neutrality? 

4. What was the Emancipation Procla- 
mation? 

5. Tell of the Panama Exposition — its 
place and purpose. 

6. What is a labor union? 

7. Why is our country interested in 
watching Mexico at present? 



8. How many wars has the United 
States participated in? 

9. What was the Kansas-Nebraska bill? 

10. Select five of the following and 
make one statement about each: Poca- 
hontas, John Smith, Roger Williams, 
Benjamin Franklin, Robert Fulton, Wil- 
liam Perm, Benedict Arnold, Jane Addams, 
Frances E. Willard. Harriet Beecher 
Stowe. 

11. What must a person do in order 
to be a good citizen? 

12. Name your county officers. 



Lesson III 

HISTORY AND CIVICS 

3-9-16 

(Answer ten) 

1. Name the president you most ad- 
mire. Give reasons for your answer. 
Name the chief event of his administra- 
tion. 

2. Tell something of each of the follow- 
ing: Washington, Lewis and Clark, Zebu- 
Ion Pike, Aaron Burr, Fulton. 

3. What was the "Era of Good Feel- 
ing"? The Missouri Compromise? 

4. What is meant by the "Monroe Doc- 
trine"? Give account of some instance 
in which its principles have been used 
effectively. 

5. Discuss Andrew Jackson's adminis- 
tration touching upon his personality, idea 
of government, and events of his adminis- 
tratio.n such as rapid immigration, cheap 
lands, invention of sewing machine, 
threshing machine, telegraph, etc. 

6. What is meant by the "Spoils Sys- 
tem"? By civil service? Is the latter a 
good thing? Give reasons for your answer. 

7. Discuss briefly the growth of slavery 
from its beginning up to the beginning of 
the Civil War. 

8. When did the Civil War begin? 
When did it close? Name three northern 
and three southern commanders. 

9. What war marked McKinley's ad- 
ministration? 

10. What is the effect of any two of 
these on rural life: Rural mail service, 
telephone, automobile? 

11. Name the three departments of 
government. How many members in the 
president's cabinet? How chosen? Name 
one and give his duties. 

12. What are the sources of national 



(195) 



196 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



revenue and the chief items of national 
expense? 

13. What is meant by "income tax"? 
Is it a good thing? Why? What is its 
purpose? 

Lesson IV 

HISTORY AND CIVICS 

4-13-16 

(Answer ten) 

1. Name the original thirteen colonies 
and describe the settlement of one of 
them. 

2. Write a statement about each of 
these: Paul Jones, Patrick Henry, Corn- 
wallis, Tecumseh, Benjamin Franklin, La 
Payette, Benedict Arnold, LaSalle, Henry 
Hudson, Pocahontas. 

3. What was the "Alien Law"? The 
"Sedition Law"? 

4. What trouble had the United States 
with England during Madison's adminis- 
tration (1812)? 

5. To what events do any three of the 
following quotations refer? "Fifty-four 
forty or fight." "Don't give up the ship." 
"Millions for defense but not one cent for 
tribute." "We'll fight it out on this line 
if it takes all summer." "Give me liberty 
or give me death." "We have met the 
enemy and they are ours." 

6. What occasioned the Civil War? 
Why did South Carolina secede? 

7. Write ten lines on any one of the 
following: Sherman's march to the sea. 
The Monitor and Merrimac. Surrender 
of Lee. 

8. What were the Christian and Sani- 
tary commissions? What organization is 
now doing this work on the battlefields? 

9. Name our living ex-presidents. 

10. Name five weaknesses of the Ar- 
ticles of Confederation. 

11. Tell about one of these: The Mis- 
souri Compromise. The Kansas-Nebraska 
bill. Squatter sovereignty. 

12. What is meant by equal suffrage? 

13. What is reform legislation? What 
reform issue is now before the people of 
Nebraska. 

Lesson V 

HISTORY AND CIVICS 

5-5-16 

(Answer ten) 

1 What is an ambassador? 

2. What is the right of Eminent Do- 
main? Give an example. 

3. Name four great Americans living 
today. Name two noted women and tell 
what they have done. 

4. Describe how we acquired any one 



of these territories: Louisiana Purchase, 
Texas, Alaska, Florida. 

5. What great engineering feat was 
completed during Wilson's administra- 
tion? What great exposition was held 
during the past year? Where? Why? 

6. Name five presidents and give one 
event under each administration. 

7. Name three nations now engaged in 
war. What is meant by preparedness? 

8. Name two recent great inventions. 

9. Discuss the discovery of gold in Cali- 
fornia. 

10. When did Nebraska become a 
state? 

11. Name your county officers. 

12. How are our public schools sup- 
ported? Name some duties of the school 
board. 

Lesson VI 

HISTORY AND CIVICS 
3-22-17 
(Answer ten) 

1. Write a five line sketch of your bes; 
loved American. 

2. Name five noted explorers and that 
part of the country with which their names 
are associated. 

3. Distinguish between Separatist, Pur- 
itan and Pilgrim. 

4. Name the original thirteen colonies, 
with dates of settlement. 

5. Name the inter-colonial wars, with 
dates and the treaties that settled each. 

6. For what was the Revolutionary 
War fought? Name some prominent men 
of the time. 

7. Give date of the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence; of the present constitution. 

8. Name the wars in which the United 
States has been engaged, and tell for 
what each one was fought. 

9. What are the departments of the 
government of the United States? 

10. What constitutes the Congress of 
the United States? 

11. How are congressmen chosen? How 
many representatives has the state of Ne- 
braska in the National Congress at Wash- 
ington? 

12. Name four prominent men of Ne- 
braska of national reputation. 

Lesson VII 

HISTORY AND CIVICS 

4-19-17 

(Answer ten) 

1. What was the difference between 
the Articles of Confederation and the Con- 
stitution of the United States? Compare. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 



197 



2. What are the qualifications for a 
voter in Nebraska? How can an immi- 
grant become a voter? 

3. Name three inventions that have 
been influential in the progress of our 
country? Which one has been the means 
of absolutely changing industrial condi- 
tions in the United States? 

4. What effect did the Erie Canal have 
upon industrial and commercial conditions 
in America? Locate it. 

5. When, where, and by whom was the 
first locomotive built in America? The 
first steamboat? How did they change 
conditions in America? 

6. State the conditions that developed 
into the panic of 1837. How did this panic 
affect the county? 

7. What is a protective tariff? Name 
some articles you use that are protected 
by tariff. 

8. Name the thirteen colonies: give 
reasons why any five of them were formed 
and tell where and by whom the first 
settlement was made in each one of the 
five. 

9. State the qualifications for a United 
States Representative; a United States 
Senator; President of the United States. 

10. What is the law in Nebraska re- 
garding compulsory attendance at school? 
What is the legislative body that governs 
your county called? 

11. Who are the following: W. H. 
Clemmons, Keith Neville, Charles W. 
Poole, Grant G. Martin, your State Sen- 
ator, your State Representative, Edgar 
Howard, the most distinguished man in 
Nebraska, Samuel Avery, Moses Kinkaid? 

Lesson VIII 

HISTORY AND CIVICS 

5-10-17 

(Answer ten) 

1. What do you understand by the 
Emancipation Proclamation? The Consti- 
tution of the United States? 

2. How does a bill become a law in 
the state legislature? What is meant by 
veto? Who holds the power of veto in 
the state? 

3. What effect did the Erie Canal have 
upon the development of our country. 
Where is the Erie Canal? 

4. Who is the United State Congress- 
man from your district? Why did the 
population increase so rapidly in the west 
about 1849? 

5. What is meant by The Spoils Sys- 
tem? Name four of our possessions which 
are not a part of the United States. 

6. Tell something of importance in the 



lives of five of the following: J. C. Cal- 
houn, Daniel Webster, Abraham Lincoln, 
U. S.- Grant, General Sherman, Daniel 
Boone, Benjamin Franklin, Frances Wil- 
lard, "Mad" Anthony Wayne, George 
Washington. 

7. What form of government has Cuba? 
How did Cuba acquire this form of govern- 
ment? Of what consequence was the 
Declaration of Independence? 

8. Name 5 of the 13 colonies and tell 
where and by whom they were made? 

9. Tell something of importance con- 
cerning Lewis and Clark expedition. What 
effect did this expedition have upon the 
country west of the Mississippi river? 

10. Name 5 men who have been presi- 
dent of the United States other than those 
mentioned in other questions and tell two 
events in their administrations which ap- 
peal to you as being important. 

11. What was the cause of the Civil 
War? What was Lincoln's attitude and 
what was his policy toward the abolition 
of slavery? 

12. Who is the Governor of Nebraska; 
the President of the United States? What 
were the AMen and Sedition Laws? 

Lesson IX 

HISTORY 
4-11-18 

1. What colonies were settled on ac- 
count of religious difficulties? On account 
of seeking wealth? To escape punishment 
for debt? For other reasons, and give 
reasons? 

2. Give the cause for which we fought 
in each of the following wars: Revolu- 
tion, Civil, Spanish-American; and for 
which we are fighting in the present war. 

3. What were the Articles of Confed- 
eration? Name three of their weaknesses. 

4. Name the first five presidents and 
an important event which happened dur- 
ing each administration. 

5. What effect had the Erie Canal upon 
the growth and development of the West? 

6. Name five inventions that have in- 
fluenced the development of our country, 
and tell how each has been influential. 

7. What is meant by civil service and 
of what did it take the place? 

8. Make a comparison of the resources 
and preparation of the United States for 
the Civil War with those of the war of 
today. 

9. Name three of the greatest men of 
today. Why do you consider them so 
great ? 

10. Who are the Allies? What coun- 
tries are fighting with Germany? 



198 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



Lesson X 

HISTORY 
5-10-18 

1. What three nations were most active 
in the exploration of America? What 
motive actuated each? 

2. Name five of the thirteen colonies 
and tell where and by whom they were 
made. 

3. Name five wars the United States 
has engaged in and with whom each has 
been fought. 

4. Name five presidents and give an 
event under each administration. 

5. Name four acquisitions of territory 
made by the United States and tell from 
what country each was acquired. 

6. Give the names of two American 
inventors living now and something each 
has invented. 

7. Why is it necessary to amend the 
Constitution of the United States? How 
many amendments has the Constitution? 

8. Give the different ways in which the 
United States is raising money to carry 
on the present war. State three ways in 
which it is spent. 

9. Tell something of the work of the 
Red Cross and the Y. M. C. A. in the 
United States at the present time. 

10. When was Nebraska admitted as 
a state, who was president at that time? 



Lesson XI 

HISTORY 
4-10-19 

1. Name four early explorers and tell 
something of the voyages of each. 

2. When and where was the first 
permanent English colony made in Amer- 
ica? 

3. What caused the Revolutionary War? 
The War of 1812? The Civil War? The 
Spanish-American War? 

4. What are the war aims of the United 
States in the present world war? 

5. What is the meaning of the follow- 
ing: Democracy? Armistice? Sedition? 
Alien? Peace Conference? 

6. State how negro slavery was intro- 
duced into the United States, and how it 
was abolished. 

7. Name five great American states- 
men and tell something of each. 

8. Name four measures considered by 
the Nebraska legislature of 1919. Name 
two that became laws. 

9. Explain briefly the purpose of the 
War Savings Societies; Junior Red Cross; 



Boys' Working Reserve; Fourth Liberty- 
Loan. 

10. Name the governor of Nebraska; 
state superintendent, U. S. senators from 
Nebraska, county superintendent of your 
county. 

Lesson XII 

HISTORY 

5-8-19 

(Answer ten) 

1. Give the native country of and the 
special thing done by any of the follow- 
ing: J. Sterling Morton, DeSoto, Susan 
B. Anthony, Raleigh, Hudson, LaSalle, Sir 
Francis Drake, Pocohontas, Lafayette, and 
R. E. Peary. 

2. Name the martyred presidents. 
Name all the presidents that were elected 
for more than one term. 

3. State causes, two battles and the re- 
sults of the Revolutionary War. 

4. Name five presidents and state one 
important event that took place during 
each administration. 

5. What is meant by the Monroe Doc- 
trine? What can you tell about the League 
of Nations? 

6. Discuss the Emancipation Proclama- 
tion. What is meant by the Spoils Sys- 
tem? 

7. Name two early Spanish explorers, 
two French, one Dutch and one English. 

8. Name and describe briefly the three 
branches of our government. 

9. Give the names and dates of all the 
wars in which the U. S. has engaged. 

10. Name two discoveries and three in- 
ventions which have greatly aided the 
U. S. during the past fifty years. 

11. Name five prominent men in the 
U. S. and state for what each is noted. 
Name the governor, U. S. senators, con- 
gressman from your district, and the 
speaker of the present House of Repre- 
sentatives from Nebraska. 

12. State something concerning each of 
the following: Eli Whitney, Henry Clay, 
Nathan Hale, Daniel Webster, W. J. Bryan, 
Wm. H. Taft, Lloyd George, Benedict Arn- 
old, Walt Mason, and Patrick Henry. 

Lesson XIII 

HISTORY 

3-25-20 

1. Why did the English come to Amer- 
ica? The French? The Spanish? 

2. Who were the Pilgrims? 

3. Briefly describe the life of the Am- 
erican Indian at the time of the settle- 
ment of our country. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 



199 



4. Name and locate the territory ac- 
quired by the United States since we be- 
came a nation. 

5. Make a statement about each of the 
following: Alexander Hamilton, J. Ster- 
ling Morton, William McKinley, John J. 
Pershing, Robert Lansing. 

6. Explain what is meant by one of 
the following: League of Nations, Mis- 
souri Compromise, Civil Service. 

7. Name the event in connection with 
each of the following dates: July 4, 1776; 
November 11, 1918. 

8. Name five states that belonged to 
the Union when we began our national 
existence. Name five states that have 
been added within the last fifty years. 

9. Briefly describe the historical im- 
portance of one of the following: Decla- 
ration of Independence; Monroe Doctrine; 
Panama Canal. 

10. Name five important inventions 
that have contributed to the rapid develop- 
ment of the United States. 



Lesson XIV 

HISTORY 
5-6-20 

1. Name the thirteen original colonies. 

2. Name one English, one French, and 
one Spanish 'explorer. Tell what each 
explored. 

3. For what reasons have the people 
of Europe come to America? From what 
countries have they come? 

4. Where were the early English col- 
onies made? The early French? The early 
Spanish? 

5. Make a statement about each of the 
following: Robert Fulton, Thomas A. 
Edison, J. Sterling Morton, Henry Clay, 
Ulysses S. Grant. 

6. Name five presidents and give an 
important event during the administration 
of each. 

7. Tell about one of the following: 
Squatter Sovereignty, Missouri Compro- 
mise. 

8. Write the name of a great American 
statesman, an inventor, a soldier, an edu- 
cator, and a business man. Do not men- 
tion names already used in this examina- 
tion. 

9. What is the Monroe Doctrine. 

10. Why did the United States enter 
the world war? 



Lesson XV 

HISTORY 
4-7-21 

1. Is a knowledge of geography impor- 
tant to those studying history? Why? 

2. What were the Articles of Confedera- 
tion? 

3. What is meant by the Monroe Doc- 
trine? 

4. Tell something of the life of Colum- 
bus; education, occupation and voyages. 

5. Name the thirteen original colonies. 

6. What was the cause of the Revolu- 
tionary War? Result? Name two battles 
of the war and the leading generals in 
the last battle. 

7. What wars has the United States 
been engaged in since the Revolutionary 
War? What was the result of each war? 

8. Name five presidents of the United 
States and the principal events in each 
administration. 

9. Why did the United States enter 
the world war? 

10. Tell about one of these: Missouri 
Compromise, The Kansas-Nebraska Bill, 
Emancipation Proclamation. 

Lesson XVI 

HISTORY 
5-5-21 

1. Name four acquisitions of territory 
made by the United States and tell from 
what country each was acquired. 

2. Name four presidents and give an 
important event under each administra- 
tion. 

3. Name a noted explorer of America 
from each of the following countries: 
Spain, England, France, and Holland. Tell 
what each of these four explorers accom- 
plished. 

4. What was the cause of the Revolu- 
tionary War? Name two generals on each 
side. Name five important battles. What 
were the results of the Revolutionary 
War? 

5. Write one statement about any five 
of the following: La Fayette, Benedict 
Arnold, William Penn, Hamilton, J. Ster- 
ling Morton, William McKinley, Patrick 
Henry. 

6. Tell the indirect cause and the direct 
cause of the Civil War. What question 
was settled by the Civil War? Who was 
president at the time? 

7. Why should the following dates be 
remembered? Select five: 1492, 1607, 1620, 
1776, 1812, 1867, Nov. 11, 1918. 

8. Give provisions of the Monroe Doc- 



200 



STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 



trine; the Missouri Compromise, and the 
Kansas-Nebraska Bill. 

9. Why did the United States enter the 
World War? 

10. Give a list of ten public officials and 
their offices. This list may include either 
county, state, or national officials. 



Lesson XVII. 

HISTORY 
4-6-22 

1. Name five early explorers stating 
the nation from which they set sail. 

2. (a) Name five of the thirteen or- 
iginal colonies, (b) State by whom set- 
tled, (c) Give the reason for settlement 
in each case. 

3. Name five inventions that have ma- 
terially affected the history of the United 
States. 

4. Name the early inter-colonial wars 
in America. 

5. Tell of making the first American 
flag. What do the stripes stand for? The 
stars? How many stars and stripes are 
there now? 

6. Name the event in connection with 
each of the following dates: 1492, 1607, 
1776, 1865, Nov 11, 1918. 

7. What is meant by the "Spoils Sys- 
tem"? By Civil Service? 

8. Name four acquisitions of territory 
made by the United States and tell from 
what country each was acquired. 

9. Name five presidents and give an 
important event in each administration. 



10. Discuss one of the following: The 
Missouri Compromise, Monroe Doctrine, 
Squatter Sovereignty. 

Lesson XVIII. 

HISTORY 

5-4-22 

1. (a) What four nations were the 
early colonizers of America? (b) Name 
four explorers telling what nation each 
represented. 

2. Give reasons why the Articles of 
Confederation were not satisfactory. 

3. Name the thirteen original states. 

4. What was the Kansas-Nebraska bill? 
When was Nebraska admitted to the 
union as a state? 

5. Describe how we acquired these ter- 
ritories: Louisiana, Texas, Alaska, Flor- 
ida, and Porto Rico. 

6. Give briefly the cause for which we 
fought in each of the following wars: (a) 
Revolutionary, (b) War of 1812, (c) Civil, 
(d) Spanish American, (e) World War. 

7. Name five presidents of the United 
States and mention an important event 
in the administration of each. 

8. For what are the following men 
noted: Benjamin Franklin, Alexander 
Hamilton, Patrick Henry, Eli Whitney, 
Thomas Edison, Foch, Marconi, LaFayette, 
Ulysses S. Grant, John J. Pershing? 

9. Discuss any one of the following: 
Era of Good Feeling; Spoils System; 
Emancipation Proclamation. 

10. Name five great inventions which 
you think helped most in making America 
the wonderful country she is today. 



2. 



3. 



History Answers 

HISTORY ANSWERS 

Lesson I. 

4-8-15 

(a) Warren G. Harding is President of the United States. 

(b) Charles Evans Hughes is Secretary of State in President Harding's cabinet. 

(c) Samuel R. McKelvie is Governor of Nebraska. 

(d) John Matzen is State Superintendent of Schools in Nebraska. 

(e) Left for the pupil. 

(a) One of the earliest English explorers was John Cabot who, accompanied by his 
son, Sebastian, explored the coast of Labrador and sailed southward along the At- 
lantic coast as far as Long Island. The prime purpose of this expedition was to 
discover a northwest passage to India. 

(b) The first permanent English settlement in America was at Jamestown, Virginia 
in 1607. 

Europe at the time just following the discovery of America by Columbus, was torn 
by wars which levied a heavy toll on the people and placed on them an immense 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 201 

burden of debt. The conditions were so extreme that many sought to better them- 
selves by emigrating to America. 

(b) Conditions in Europe at the present time are even more extreme as a result of 
the World War. The people are heavily taxed to pay off the immense war debts, and 
millions are reduced to the verge of starvation. 

(c) The ones able to do so will try to find a haven in some more fortunate land and 
many will emigrate to America. 

4. The thirteen original colonies are: New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, 
Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey. Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, 
North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. 

5. In the time of Columbus navigation, the ocean was hazardous. The ships were 
small and crude affairs. Little was known of what lay beyond the conti- 
nental coast lines and he was indeed a bold seaman who ventured to sail beyond the 
sight of land in the little sailing vessels such as Columbus used. 

The modern steam vessel is vastly superior to the old sailing vessels and renders 
ocean travel practically as safe as travel by land. They are of immense size and are 
much like a floating city with all the modern city equipment. A modern ocean liner 
can cross the Atlantic in about five days. 

6. (a) Zeppelin was a recent German officer and inventor of the "Dirigible" airship 
termed the "Zeppelin" and used by the Germans during the "World War." 

(b) Marconi was a noted Italian inventor who invented many eletrical appliances 
among which was one for sending messages by wireless telegraphy. 

(c) Wilbur Wright was an American inventor whose chief invention was the aero- 
plane. 

7. (a) "International Peace" in fact is a condition of peace and accord among the 
several nations Gf the world. 

(b) The "Monroe Doctrine" is that the "United States will not concern herself with 
the affairs of Europe and in turn will not permit European nations to encroach upon 
the countries of the New World." 

S. Woman's Suffrage means to extend to women the same privileges with regard to 
voting that men have long enjoyed. 

9. (a) Washington, Green, and Schuyler were three American Generals during the 
Revolutionary War. 
(b) Grant, Sherman, and Meade were Union Generals during the Civil War. 

10. (a) Maryland was founded to provide a home for the Catholics who were perse- 
cuted in England. 

(b) Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe in 1732 to give the debtors of Eng- 
land an opportunity in the New World. It was customary in those days to imprison 
those who could not pay their debts, and the prisons of England were filled with 
debtors. 

(c) Pennsylvania was granted to Wm. Penn in payment of a debt the King of Eng- 
land owed Penn's father. Penn conceived the idea of settling it with persecuted 
Quakers from England. 

11. The recall of public officers means causing the incumbent of the office to stand for 
re-election against some candidate who opposes him at a "recall election." If the 
incumbent of the office gains a majority of the vote cast at the election he is permit- 
ted to finish out his term of office. If otherwise, his opponent fills out the term of 
office. 

12. People pay taxes to defray the expense of government; to maintain schools and 
other public utilities; to erect public buildings; to construct roads and build bridges; 
and in fact to aid in carrying out all govermental functions. 

HISTORY ANSWERS 

Lesson II. 

5-6-15 
1. The first American flag was designed by Washington and made by Betsy Ross. 
Originally there were thirteen stars arranged in a circle on a field of blue, while 
the body of the flag was of alternating stripes of red and white. The stars repre- 
sented the thirteen colonies. The present flag has forty-eight stars, one for each 
state in the Union, and thirteen stripes to represent the original thirteen colonies. 
The "Star Spangled Banner" was written by Francis Scott Key during the attack on 
Fort McHenry in the War of 1812. 



202 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

2. Civil service, as the term is now used, means the filling of appointive offices by 
means of competitive examinations, the one passing the best examination receiving 
the appointment. 

It is, generally speaking, a good thing as it contributes to a higher standard of 
efficiency in office. 

3. Equal suffrage means equality of men and women with regard to voting and office 
holding. 

Neutrality means taking no part or no side in any controversy but in time of war it 
means taking the part of neither of the belligerent nations. 

4. The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by President Lincoln January 1, 1863, 
as a war measure, and declared all slaves within the bounds of the seceeded states 
to be free. 

5. The Panama Exposition was held in San Francisco in 1915, to celebrate the com- 
pletion of the Panama Canal. 

6. A labor union is an organization of working men for mutual benefit and protection. 

7. Mexico is being watched by the United States at present because of the uncertain 
conditions there resulting from mis-government. American financial interests have 
suffered and many American citizens have been murdered; by bandit bands, in some 
instances within our own borders. 

8. Not counting the Indian Wars, the United States has participated in at least ten 
wars during the period beginning July, 1776. 

9. The Kansas-Nebraska Bill was a bill organizing the territories of Kansas and Ne- 
braska. It was introduced by Senator Stephen A r Douglas of Illinois and carried 
a provision for "Squatter Sovereignty," that is it permitted the people of these ter- 
ritories to decide whether or not states organized wihin them should be free or 
slave states. It virtually repealed the Missouri Compromise. 

10. Pocahontas was the daughter of the Indian Chief Powhatan and the firm friend of 
the English Colonists at Johnstown, Virginia. Later she married John Rolfe of 
Jamestown. 

John Smith was the able leader of the Jamestown colony which would have failed 

but for his leadership. 

Roger Williams, and exile from the Massachusetts colony, founded Rhode Island in 

1636. 

Benjamin Franklin was a noted American statesman of the Revolutionary period. 

Robert Fulton invented the first successful steam boat in 1807. 

William Penn founded the Pennsylvania colony, as a refuge for the Quakers, in 1781. 

Benedict Arnold was a noted American officer in the Revolutionary War who later, 

during the war, turned traitor and aided the British. 

Jane Adams was one of America's most noted "Suffragette" leaders. 

Francis E. Willard was one of America's most prominent advocates of National 

Prohibition. 

Harriet Beecher Stowe was the author of "Uncle Tom's Cabin" which aided much 

in creating a public sentiment for the abolition of slavery. 

11. To be a good citizen one must obey the laws and live an exemplary life. He must 
stand for education and morality by supporting the schools and churches and must 
live not for himself alone, but for others. 

12. Pupil will write in the persons holding these offices in their respective counties: 
County Superintendent 

County Judge 
County Clerk 
County Treasurer 
County Sheriff 
County Attorney 
County Assessor 
County Surveyor 
County Commissioners 
Clerk of District Court 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 203 

HISTORY ANSWERS 

Lesson III. 

3-9-16 

1. The president I most admire is Abraham Lincoln. One must admire him when one 
considers that he overcame the many obstacles of his environment and became one 
of the greatest and noblest characters of modern times. We admire him for his 

sterling integrity, his being intensely human, and his sympathetic heart. 
The chief event of his administration was the civil war caused by the attempt of 
the southern states to seceed from the Union. 

2. Washington was the leader of the American Army in the Revolutionary War and 
later became president of the United States. 

(b) Lewis and Clark were the leaders of the expedition sent by President Jefferson 
in 1804 to explore the Louisiana Purchase. 

(c) Zebulion Pike was sent by President Jefferson to explore the southwestern part 
of the Louisiana Purchase in 1805. 

(d) Aaron Burr was a candidate for President of the United States and the election 
was very close. The House of Representatives elected Thomas Jefferson President 
and Burr became Vice-President. At the close of his term, Burr went west and 
became involved with Blennerhasset in an act of treason against the government. 
He was, however, acquitted of the charge. 

(e) Fulton invented the first successful steamboat in 1807. 

3. The "Era of Good Feeling" was a term applied to Monroe's administration. The 
national debt was all paid; we w T ere at peace with the world, and all party lines 
had vanished. 

(b) The Missouri Compromise Bill became a law in 1820. Its author, Henry Clay 
believed it would provide a solution of the slavery question then threatening the 
Union. Under this law, Maine was to be admitted as a free state and Missouri as 
a slave state while slavery was to be forever excluded from the unorganized territory 
west of the Mississippi north of parallel of 36° 30' north latitude or the southern 
boundary of Missouri. 

4. The Monroe Doctrine is that the United States will not concern herself with the 
affairs of Europe and in return will not permit European nations to encroach upon 
the countries of the New World. 

When we were engaged in the civil war the French made the conquest of Mexico 
and established a monarchial government with Maxamilian Archduke of Austria at 
its head. As soon as our war was ended, General Sheridan was sent to the Rio 
Grande with an army of 50,000 strong and our government ordered the French to 
get out of Mexico. They speedily did so and Maxamilian, deprived of their support, 
was defeated by the Mexican Liberal Army and he was slain. The Mexicans gaineci 
their complete independence. 

5. Andrew Jackson was a typical western man, and a splendid leader of the common 
people. He was impetuous by nature and easily aroused to anger. He possessed a 
strong personality and was ardently loved by his friends. Those who disliked him 
spoke of his administration as "The reign of Andrew Jackson." Jackson was always 
faithful to the cause of the common people. Jacksonian democracy held as its ideals 
the teachings of Thomas Jefferson and plain government, of the people, by the 
people, and for the people. During Jackson's administration western lands were 
thrown open to settlement and the tide of immigration to the cheap lands was very 
great. Speculation was rife because of the ease with which men could borrow 
money. This was hazardous as shown by the trend of events in Van Buren's ad- 
ministration. During Jackson's administration the sewing machine was invented 
by Elias Howe, and Samuel F. B. Morse invented the magnetic telegraph. Jackson 
introduced the "Spoils System" early in his first administration and thus surrounded 
himself with his political friends by appointing them to office. 

6. The "Spoils System" or rotation in office is the removal from office of the appoint- 
ive officers of one political party and appointing in their stead members of the suc- 
cessful party at the recent election. Thus a new administration surrounds itself 
with its political friends. 

(b) By civil service we mean the filling of appointive offices by competitive ex- 
aminations. The one passing the best examination generally securing the appoint- 
ment. This method of appointing public officers, clerks, etc., is far better than the 
spoils system inasmuch as it leads to higher efficiency in office. There is less danger 
of the office-holder losing the office because of the jealousies of opposing political 



204 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

parties and this fact encourages men to make special preparation for holding govern- 
ment positions. 

7. Slavery was first introduced in the Jamestown colony in 1619 when the captain of 
a Dutch merchantman sold several negroes to the colonists for use on the tobacco 
plantations. In the early colonial days, slavery existed in all the English colonies 
but later on was restricted to the southern colonies where it was more profitable. 
With the invention of the cotton gin in 1793 slavery was given a new impetus as 
cotton could now be profitably raised throughout the south. The states south of 
the Ohio River all became slave holding states and it soon extended west of the 
Mississippi River into Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, and Missouri which were slave 
states up to the end of the civil war. 

8. The Civil War began at half past four o'clock Friday morning, April 12th, 1861, 
when the Confederates under Beauregard fired on Fort Sumter. The Civil War 

closed with the surrender of General Lee to Genral Grant at Appomattox Court- 
House, April 9th, 1865. 

The three leading northern commanders were Generals Grant, Sherman, and Meade. 
The three leading southern commanders were Generals Lee, Bragg, and Hood. 

9. The Spanish-American V/ar marked McKinley's administration. 

10. Rural mail service is of great advantage to a rural, community as it greatly aids 
and extends communication by the mails. It has led many people to settle in rural 
communities who otherwise would have remained in the towns and villages. 

(b) The telephone has had a marked influence on. rural life in that it has made 
communication almost without limit. 

(c) The automobile has been a great time saver to the resident of the rural com- 
munity and has permitted him to enjoy the social and intellectual advantages of 

the city. It has greatly enhanced rural life and made it more attractive. 

11. The three departments of government are the legislative, the executive, and the 
judicial department. 

(b) The president's cabinet consists of ten members. They are appointed by the 
president and their appointment ratified by the senate. 

(c) Charles Evans Hughes is Secretary of State. His duties are the handling of 
affairs of state and questions growing out of or resulting from our relations with 
foreign countries. 

12. National revenue is derived from many sources. Duties are levied on imported 
goods. Internal revenue taxes are placed on tobaccos and proprietary medecines. 
Incomes are taxed and we are required to place revenue stamps on notes, deeds, 
contracts and other legal documents. The money raised gees to support the national 
government. 

National expense items are many and varied. Money is expended for salaries and 
office expense, for the deepening of harbors and the construction of canals and ir- 
rigation projects, for the building of post offices, for the payment of pensions, the 
equipment of the army and navy, and a very limited amount for educational pur- 
poses. 

13. An "income tax" is a tax levied on incomes of over $1,000.00. The greater the per- 
son's income, the higher his income tax will be. A graduated income-tax is one in 
which the rate of taxation is increased in accordance with the size of the income. 
An income tax is a good form of taxation. Theoretically it places the tax burden 
on the wealthy rather than on the common people. This in fact is the intent and 
purpose of the income fax. 

HISTORY ANSWERS 

Lesson IV. 

4-13-16 

1. The original thirteen colonies were New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, 
Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, 
North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. 

In 1635 emigrants from Boston and vicinity established settlements in the Con- 
necticut Valley at Weathersfield, Windsor and Saybrook. The following year, Rev. 
Thomas Hooker led a party of one hundred men, women and children into the Con- 
necticut country and founded Hartford. The settlemets were later united with 
New Haven settlement and named ''The Connecticut colony." 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 205 

2. Paul Jones was our noted naval hero of the Revolutionary Period. 

Patrick Henry was a noted American patriot and leader of Virginia during the 
Revolutionary times. 

Cornwallis was a British General in the Revolutionary War. 

Tecumseh was a famous Indian chief who succeeded in uniting the several tribes 
of Indians in Ohio in a war against the whites in 1811. a 

Benjamin Franklin was an eminent American patriot, philosopher, and editor, of 
the Revolutionary Period. 

La Fayette was a young French nobleman who aided the colonies in their struggle 
for independence. 

Benedict Arnold was a noted American officer in the Revolutionary War but who 
later in the war turned traitor and aided the British. 

La Salle was a French explorer who explored the Mississippi Valley, 1681-1682. 
Henry Hudson discovered and named the Hudson River in 1609, while in the em- 
ploy of Holland. 

Pocahontas was the daughter of the Indian chief Powhatan and a firm friend of the 
English at Jamestown, Virginia. 

3. The ''Alien Law" was enacted by congress during John Adams' administration. 
It-provided that the President could expel from the country any alien deemed in- 
jurious to our government. 

The "Sedition Law" provided that any person libeling congress or the President, 
could be fined or imprisoned. This law was enacted during Adams' administration. 
The "Alien and Sedition" laws were very unpopular and were scon repealed. 

4. During Madison's administration, the treatment of American seamen by the British 
together with their incitement of the Indians against our western settlers brought 
about the War of 1812 between this country and England. 

5. "Fifty-four forty or fight" referred to the occupancy of the Oregon Country. It was 
the Democratic Campaign Slogan in 1844 and had such a marked influence on the 
people that James K. Polk the democrat candidate was elected President. 

"Don't give up the ship" were the last words of Captain Lawrence, the commander 

of the United States ship Chesapeake which was captured by the British warship 

Shannon during the War of 1812. 

"Millions for Defense but not one cent for Tribute" was Chas. G. Pickney's answer 

to the proposal of the Council of France that the United States pay France to cease 

molesting our ships on the high seas. 

"We'll fight it on this line if it t&kes all summer." General Grant sent this message 

to President Lincoln during his campaign against Richmond in the early summer 

of 1864. 

"Give me liberty or give me death," is an excerpt from the speech of Patrick Henry 

before the Virginia Assembly in opposition to the "Stamp Act." 

After Perry's victory over the British fleet in Lake Erie in 1813, he sent this message 

to General Harrison, "We have met the enemy and they are ours." 

6. The civil war was brought about by the attempt of a number of the southern states 
to secede from the Union. 

Because of her implicit belief in the doctrine of "State's Rights" and because there 
was no firm hand at the helm of the Washington government, South Carolina 
seceded from the Union. 

7. (a) In May, 1864, General Sherman left Chatanooga and began his memorable 
campaign against the Confederate army under Joseph F. Johnston in Georgia. A 
number of battles were fought with little advantage to either side. Johnston was 
then superseded by General Hood whom Sherman repulsed in several fierce battles. 
Sherman then besieged Atlanta while Hood led his army into Tennessee in hopes of 
getting Sherman to follow him. Hoed was totally defeated by General Thomas at 
Nashville. Sherman captured Atlanta and then severed his communications with the 
North and began his march from Atlanta to the sea. Nothing further was heard 
from him until Christmas when a message reached the North that his campaign 
had succeeded and he had captured Savannah. 

(b) The Confederates raised the United States warship Virginia which the Union 
seamen scuttled and sank just before the Confederates seized the arsenal and navy 
yards at Norfolk, Virginia, and converted her into an "Iron-clad" which they named 
the "Merimac." She attacked the Union fleet at Hampton Roads on March 8th, 
1862 : sunk the Cumberland and captured the Congress. She then sailed back to 
Norfolk determined to complete the work of destroying the Union fleet the following 
day. That night the Monitor, nicknamed the "Yankee Cheese Box" by the Confeder- 



206 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

ates, arrived in the' harbor. The next morning the Merrimac appeared at sunrise 
and was immediately attacked by the Monitor and driven back to Norfolk. The 
confederates later sunk her to prevent her falling into the hands of the Union, 
(c) In March, 1865, General Grant captured Petersburg and forced General Lee to 
evacuate Richmond. General Grant followed him and several sharp fights occured. 
At last, Sheridan swung around Lee's army and brought him to a halt. Lee's soldiers 
were without food, clothing ,and shoes. The southern cause seemed hopeless and 
General Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, April 9th, 
1865. 

8. The Christian and Sanitary Commissions were organizations whose purpose was to 
alleviate suffering in the hospitals and on the battle fields of the Civil War. The 
American Red Cross is now doing this work of mercy during times of war and car- 
ries on relief and hospital work even in times of peace. 

9. Our living ex-presidents are Wm. H. Taft and Woodrow Wilson. 

10. The Articles of Confederation were weak in many respects. There was no head to 
the government. They could vote money but could not collect taxes. They could 
pass laws but unless they were ratified by all the states they could not be enforced. 
No foreign country would loan us money because of the unstability of our govern- 
ment. Jealousies existed among the states and there was no harmony or unity of 
action. 

11. The Missouri Compromise introduced in Congress by Henry Clay and passed in 
1820, allowed Maine to enter the Union as a free state and Missouri to enter as a 
slave state. It carried a provision that slavery should forever be excluded from the 
unorganized territory north of the Parallel of 36° and 30' north latitude and lying 
west of the Mississippi River. 

12. Equal Suffrage. See answer to question 3, in Lesson II. 

13. Reform legislation is the passing of laws for the correction of evils in government. 
Reform legislation regarding banking, methods of taxation, and regarding public 
schools were issued in 1916. 



HISTORY ANSWERS 

Lesson V. 

5-5-16 
An ambassador is an envoy sent by one country to another to negotiate some treaty 
or for some particular mission. 

The right of Eminent Domain is the privilege a governmental body has of condemn- 
ing private property for public use conditioned upon its owner being paid the 
market or appraised value for it. School districts may condemn private property 
for a school house site when the owner of the property refuses to sell it to the 
school district. 

Woodrow Wilson, Wm. H. Taft, W\ J. Bryan, and Warren G. Harding are four great 
Americans living today. 

Jane Adams and Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt are probably the two most noted women 
in America today. They have done much to bring about equal suffrage and it is 
largely due to their efforts that women now are man's equal with regard to voting. 
Louisiana was purchased of France by Jefferson in 1803. It embraced the territory 
lying west of the Mississippi River to the crest of the Rocky Mountains. The pur- 
chase price was $15,000,000. 

Texas was acquired by annexation in 1845. Texas gained her independence from 
Mexico in 1836 when General Sam Houston defeated the Mexicans under Santa 
Anna in the Battle of San Jacinto. Shortly after this the Texans set up a republican 
form of government and applied for admission into the Union as a state, 
Alaska was purchased of Russia in 1867 for the sum of $7,200,000, and added to 
the territorial possesssions of the United States an area equal in extent to twice the 
size of Texas. It is rich in mineral resources and has been particularly valuable 
for its furs. 

Florida was purchased from Spain in 1819 when an agreement was reached between 
this country and Spain, and Spain ceded the Florida territory to us for a consider- 
ation of $5,000,000. 
The Panama Canal was completed during Wilson's administration. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 207 

The Panama Exposition, to celebrate . the completion cf the Panama Canal, was 
held at San Francisco in 1915. 

6. Five of our presidents were Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Lincoln, and Wilson. 
The Whiskey Rebellion took place during Washington's administration. Jefferson's 
administration was marked by the purchase of Louisiana from France in 1803. The 
War of 1812 was fought during Madison's administration. The Civil War was f aught 
during Lincoln's administration. The World War was fought during Wilson's ad- 
ministration. 

7. In the year 1916, England, France, and Germany were engaged in the World War. 
Preparedness means an extensive program of increasing the military and naval 
strength of the country during times of peace on the theory that if the nation is 
prepared for war that there is less likelihood of there being any war. 

8. The aeroplane and the automobile are two recent great inventions. 

9. Gold was discovered in California in 1848 at Sutter's Mill by a workman engaged 
in digging a mill race. The news spread very rapidly and the following year people 
flocked to the new "El Dorado" from almost every part of the world. Many lost 
their lives in crossing the "Great American Desert" as the arid portion of our 
country was then called. California in a few months acquired a considerable popu- 

" lation and was admitted into the Union in 1850. 

10. Nebraska became a state in March 1867. 

11. County Officers. See Answer to question 12 in Lesson II. 

12. The public schools of Nebraska are supported mainly by direct taxation. In ad- 
dition to this, money from fines and licenses and as income from the investment 
of the permanent school funds is used for the support of the schools. 

Some of the duties of the schcol beard are to hire teachers, provide books and sup- 
plies, lock after the care of the school plant, and to take the school census once 
each year. 

HISTORY ANSWERS 

Lesson VI. 

3-22-17 

1. I consider Abraham Lincoln our best loved American; not that he was intellectually 
the greatest man our country has produced, but because he understood and sympa- 
thized with humanity and held as his ideal "Peace on Earth, Good Will to Men." 

2. De Soto, La Salle, Champlain, John Cabot, and Merriwether Lewis were noted ex- 
plorers of North America. 

De Soto discovered the Mississippi River and explored Arkansas and Louisiana. 

La Salle explored the Mississippi Valley from the source of the river to the Gulf of 

Mexico and gave France a claim to the country. 

John Cabot and his son, Sebastian, in seeking a northwest passage to India touched 

Labrador and explored the New England coast. 

Champlain sailed up the St. Lawrence River and established Quebec, in Canada. 

Merriwether Lewis and Captain Clark explored the Louisiana Purchase. They 

ascended the Missouri River, crossed the Rocky Mountains to the Columbia River, 

and descended it to the Pacific Coast. 

3. The term "Separatist" was applied to those members of the Church of England 
who saw no possibility of reforms being introduced into the church and decided to 
leave the church and to establish one of their own. 

The Puritans were those members of the Church of England who believed that if the 
church should be purged of certain things and practices that had crept into the 
church, it would be alright. They said "Let us purify the church, not destroy it." 
The Pilgrims who emigrated to Holland and when they found conditions there 
detrimental to the moral welfare of their children, joined in a movement to found 
a colony in America and in 1620 settled Plymouth, Massachusetts. 

4. The names of the original thirteen colonies and their dates and order of settlement 
are as follows: 

1. Virginia, 1607 8. Delaware, 1638 

2. New York, 1614 9. North Carolina, 1663 

3. Massachusetts, 1620 10. New Jersey, 1664 

4. New Hampshire, 1627 11. South Carolina, 1670 

5. Connecticut, 1633. 12. Pennsylvania, 1681 

6. Maryland, 1634 13. Georgia, 1732 

7. Rhode Island, 1636 



208 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

5. The inter-colonial wars were as follows.: 

King William's War, from 1689 to 1697; closed by the treaty of Ryswick. 
Queen Anne's War, from 1702 to 1713; closed by the treaty of Utrecht. 
King George's War, from 1744 to 1748; closed by the treaty of Aix la Chapelle. 
The French and Indian War, from 1754 to 1763; closed by the treaty of Paris. 
These wars were fought between the English and the French colonies in America, 
and resulted in France losing all of her possessions in America. 

6. The Revolutionary War in its earliest stages was a struggle on the part of the 
colonies for the rights of Englishmen. Beginning with July 4th 1776, it became a 
struggle for complete independence. 

George Washington, Nathaniel Green, Samuel Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John 
Hancock, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and Israel Putnam, were some of the 
prominent men of the time. 

7. The Declaration of Independence was signed July 4th, 1776. The present constitu- 
tion of the United States was adopted in the year 1789. 

8. Since the adoption of the Constitution the United States has engaged in the fol- 
lowing wars: 

The War of 1812 which was fought for freedom of cur seamen from British inter- 
ference on the high seas. 

The War with Mexico which was fought over disputed territory when we annexed 
Texas. 

The Civil War resulting from the southern states seceding from the Union. 
The Spanish American War was fought to deliver Cuba from Spanish oppression. 
The World War was fought to overthrow militarism and preserve democracy for 
the world. 

9. The department of the United States government are the legislative or law making, 
the executive or law enforcing, and the judicial or law interpreting departments. 

10. The Congress of the United States consists of a House of Representatives and a 
Senate. 

Members of the House of Representatives from each state are based on its popula- 
tion. (The standard basis of representation is one representative for every 173,901 
people.) See "The Government of Nebraska," by Gran R. Bcwan, page 89; United 
States Representatives by Counties. (This book may be secured of Jones Book- 
Music Store, Wayne, Nebr.) 
There are two Senators chosen to represent each state in the Senate. 

11. Congressmen are chosen by direct vote of the people living in their respective Con- 
gressional Districts. 

Nebraska has six representatives in the National House of Representatives and two 
Senators. The Senators are chosen by the direct vote of the people of the State. Our 
full representation in the National Congress is eight. 

12. Senator Gilbert M. Hitchcock and Geo. W. N'orris, and C. H. Gustafson of the "Na- 
tional Farm Bureau" and Congressman Moses P. Kinkaid are Nebraskans of na- 
tional reputation. 

HISTORY ANSWERS 

Lesson VII. 

4-19-17 

1. The Articles of Confederation provided a loose form of government for the thirteen 
colonies in which the state governments had absolute independence of action. There 
was no executive head to the government while congress could merely advise legis- 
lation, leaving to the several states to put it into practice. Government under the 
Federal Constitution was exactly the opposite of government tinder the Articles of 
Confederation in that it provided a strong central power presided over by the presi- 
dent as Chief Executive, while Congress had the sole power to pass laws for the 
nation. 

2. Any person mentally competent who is 21 years of age, a citizen of the United States, 
and who has resided in the state for six months, forty days in the county, and ten 
days in the precinct, next previous to the election may vote in Nebraska. 

An immigrant may become a citizen by declaring his intention of becoming a citizen 
and having proved in District Court that he has resided in the United States five 
years may become a citizen of the United States, and complying with our conditions 
of residency here; may vote in Nebraska. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 209 

3. Three inventions that have been influential in the progress of our country are the 
harvester, the steam engine, and the magnetic telegraph. The steam engine has 
been the means of absolutely changing the industrial conditions of the United 
States. 

4. The Erie Canal by cheapening transportation between New York City and the 
Great Lakes made it possible for a profitable exchange of the agricultural products 
and raw materials of the middle west for the manufactured products of New Eng- 
land and New York, and made New York City the greatest commercial city of 
America. The canal connects Albany, New York with Buffalo, New York; closely 
following the Mohawk Valley. 

5. George Stephenson invented the first steam locomotive about the year 1814. In 1825 
it was introduced in place of horse power on some of the short rail roads.' In 
1830, Peter Cooper built a locomotive for use on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. 
The first steam boat was invented by Robert Fulton of New York in 1807. 

The locomotive and steamboat revolutionized methods of transportation and travel, 
and greatly increased commerce. 

6. The panic of 1837 was brought about by excessive speculation due largely to the 
ease with which any person could borrow money from the banks. The money was 
invested in all sorts of questionable enterprises and when the obligations became 
due very few could pay and business failures were every day occurances. Cities, 
counties, and even states went bankrupt. 

7. A protective tariff is a duty imposed on goods imported from a foreign country. 
The duty is placed high enough to offset the difference in the cost of production at 
home and abroad and to enable our manufacturer to sell his goods for less than the 
foreign manufacturer can sell his goods and pay the tariff. The protective tariff 
is virtually prohibitive if placed too high. 

Cotton goods, woolen goods, shoes, silks, cutlery, sugar, and flour are protected 
by tariff in this country. 

8. Thirteen Colonies. See question 4, Lesson I. 

Massachusetts was settled by the Puritan Pilgrims at Plymouth in 1620, who emi- 
grated to America for religious freedom. 

Rhode Island was founded by Roger Williams who settled Providence Plantation 
in 1636, he having been exiled from Massachusetts because of his religious teachings. 
New York was first settled by the Dutch in 1614, whose purpose was to engage in 
the fur trade with the Indians. The first settlement was on Manhattan Island. 
Maryland was settled by Lord Baltimore at St. Marys in 1634 in order to establish 
a home for the Catholics who were at that time persecuted in England. 
Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe who established a settlement at Savan- 
nah in 1732. The reason for establishing this colony was to release from the prisons 
of England those of the prisoners who were placed there because they could not pay 
their debts and to give them an opportunity in the New World. 

9. A United States Representative must be at least 25 years of age, seven years a 
citizen of the United States, and a resident of the state for which he shall be chosen. 
A United States Senator must be at least 30 years of age, nine years a citizen of 
the United States, and a resident of the state for which he shall be chosen. 

The President of the United States musti be at least 35 years of age, a natural-born 
citizen of the United States, and must have resided in the United States fourteen 
years. 

10. Pupils in all the schools of this state who are between the age of 7 and 16 years 
must attend regularly the public, private, or parochial schools for at least six months 
(120 days) each year. Those living in cities of the first class must attend school 
the full term of nine months. The law provides a compulsory attendance officer 
whose duty it is to see that the law is enforced. It also provides a penalty of $5.00 
to $100.00 fine or imprisonment for not to exceed 90 days for violation of the law. 

11. W. H. Clemmons was a former State Superintendent of Nebraska. 
Keith Neville was a former Governor of Nebraska. 

Charles W. Poole was a former Secretary of State of Nebraska. 
Grant G. Martin was a former Attorney General of Nebraska. 

Our State Senator is (Pupil give answer. 

Our State Representative is (Pupil give answer.) 

Edgar Howard was formerly Lieutenant Governor of Nebraska. 

The "Most distinguished man in Nebraska" was a term used in referring to W. J. 

Bryan, who now resides in Florida. 



210 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

Samuel Avery is Chancellor of the University of Nebraska. 

Moses P. Kinkaid is Representative in Congress from the sixth district in Nebraska. 

HISTORY ANSWERS 

Lesson VIII. 

5-10-17 

1. The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by President Lincoln January 1, 1863. 
It declared that negroes held as slaves within the seceded states should be free. 
President Lincoln issued this proclamation as a war meaure. The proclamation 

• did not abolish slavery as anyone outside the seceded states could hold slaves. 
The Constitution of the United States is the fundamental plan of our government 
on which all our laws must be based. 

2. A bill may have its origin in either the "House" or the Senate. After its third 
reading it is voted upon and receiving a majority of votes in its favor is sent to 
the other house where the procedure is the same. Having passed this house it goes 
to the Governor for his approval and if he signs the bill it becomes a law. If the 
Governor fails to approve a bill he returns it to the house of its origin with a state- 
ment of his reasons for rejecting it. He is then said to veto it. 

The Governor of a state has the veto power over bills passed by the state legislature. 

3. The Erie Canal. See question 4, Lesson VII. 

4 Moses P. Kinkaid is Congressman from the Sixth District of Nebraska. 

The discovery of gold in California served to awaken people to the great possibili- 
ties of the west and a great westward movement began about 1849. See Lesson V., 
No. 9. 

5. Spoils System. See answer to question 6, Lesson III. 

Porto Rico, Gaum, The Virgin Islands, and Hawaii are four of our island posses- 
sions which are not a part of the United States. 

6. J. C. Calhoun was a great so'uthern statesman and orator, previous to the civil war. 
Daniel Webster was the great supporter of the Union in the United States Senate 
when South Carolina passed the Nullification Act in 1832. 

Abraham Lincoln was president during the civil war period from 1861 to 1865. 

U. S. Grant and W. T. Sherman were the leading Union Generals of the Civil War. 

Daniel Boone was a noted pioneer in the early settlement of Kentucky. 

Benjamin Franklin was a noted American statesman, philospher, and editor, of 

revolutionary times. 

Francis Willard was a noted temperance leader who lived in this country about 

thirty years ago. 

"Mad" Anthony Wayne was a noted American General in the revolutionary war. 

George Washington was the first president of the United States. 

7. Cuba is an independent republic governed much as the United States is governed. 
In 1898 Cuba was aided by the United States in the Spanish-American War and In 
the final settlement received her independence and the protection of the United 
States. 

The Declaration of Independence proclaimed to the world the reasons why colonies 
were led to rebel against British rule. It brought about a condition of unity among 
the colonies and made them determined to win the fight. 

8. Thirteen Colonies. See answer to question 8, Lesson VII. 

9. Lewis and Clark. See answer to question 2, Lesson III. 

The Lewis and Clark expedition gave us the first correct information of the Louisi- 
ana Purchase and led to the settlement of the western half of the Mississippi Val- 
ley. It also gave us a claim to the Oregon country. 
10. James Monroe, Theodore Roosevelt, Andrew Johnson, James Buchanan, and John 
Adams are five presidents of our country not mentioned in this list of questions. 
During Monroe's administration La Fayette visited this cvountry and "The Monroe 
Doctrine" had its origin. 

During Roosevelt's administration the Panama Canal was begun and a large fleet 
of our warships sailed around the world. 

During Andrew Johnson's administration the "Reconstruction of the Southern 
States" began, and the president was impeached. 

During James Buchanan's administration South Carolina seceded from the Union 
and John Brown raided Virginia and captured Harper's Ferry. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 211 

During Adam's administration the "Alien and Sedition" laws were passed and we 
made a treaty with France. 

11. The direct cause of the civil war was the attempt of the southern states to secede 
from the Union. 

Lincoln's attitude was to frustrate any attempt at dissolution of the union. His 
policy was not to interfere with the holding of slaves in any slave state but in the 
latter part of his administration he issued his Proclamation of Emancipation" de- 
claring the slaves in the seceded states to be free. This was done simply as a war 
measure and did not mean abolition in the strictest sense of the word. 

12. John H. Morehead is governor of Nebraska at this date, May 10, 1917. 
Alien and Sedition Laws. See answer to question 3, Lesson IV. 

HISTORY ANSWERS 

Lesson IX. 

.4-11-18 

1. Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Maryland, and Philadelphia were settled 
on account of religious differences in England. 

Virginia, New York, Delaware, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, and 
South Carolina were settled mainly on account of seeking wealth. 
Georgia was settled as a refuge for the imprisoned debtors of England. 

2. The Revolutionary War was fought to make the thirteen colonies free and independ- 
ent of England. 

The Civil War was fought for the preservation of the Union. 

The Spanish-American War was fought to liberate Cuba from Spanish oppression 

and to protect American lives and property. 

The World War was fought to defeat militarism and to preserve a democratic form 

of government. 

3. Articles of Confederation. See answer to question 1, Lesson VII. 

4. George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James 
Monroe, were our first five presidents. Jay's treaty with England was made during 
Washington's administration. The Alien and Sedition laws were passed during 
Adams' administration. Louisiana was purchased of Prance during Jefferson's ad- 
ministration. The War of 1812 was fought during Madison's administration. La 
Fayette visited the United States during Monroe's administration. 

5. The Erie Canal. See answer to question 4, Lesson VII. 

6. Five American inventions and the ways in which they influenced the growth and 
development of our country are: 

(a) The cotton gin; by making the raising of cotton profitable and by greatly in- 
creasing slavery. 

(b) The steamboat which greatly increased and facilitated transportation and in- 
creased commerce. 

(c) The reaper which greatly increased the production of grain and encouraged 
people to settle the cheap western lands. 

(d) The magnetic telegraph which greatly quickened communication and enabled 
us to more readily learn the needs of the several sections of our country and to 
better keep in touch with the happenings of the world. 

(e) The locomotive and the many uses to which steam power have been applied, 
has greatly facilitated travel and increased and cheapened transportation. Few 
parts of our country cannot be reached by railroad and nearly all great factories 
use steam power for the operation of their machinery. 

7. The Spoils System. See answer to question 6, Lesson III. 

8. At the beginning of the Civil War, the "North" was totally unprepared. The army 
was small, and the navy was very inefficient. The greater number of arsenals and 
forts were in the control of the confederacy. The "North" had the advantage of 
almost unlimited supplies of food and could manufacture almost everything neces- 
sary for its armies. 

In the World War, the nation had entire command of its resources and underwent 
a preparation for war such as no nation in the world had ever undertaken. More 
than four million men were mustered into service and of these more than two mil- 
lion were sent to Europe. Every force of the nation was exerted to win the war. 
The manner in which the people supported the Red Cross, the Liberty Loans, and 



212 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

other "drives" was a clear indication of the great national sentiment which domin- 
ated our people. 

9. I consider Woodrow Wilson, Wm. H. Taft, and Herbert Hoover three of America's 
greatest men of today. 

Wilson is great because of his far-sighted vision, his lofty ideals, and his unswerv- 
ing purpose to bring about a new order of things among nations, based on the 
principles of right and justice. 

I consider Taft great because of his ability as a judiciary and because of his great 
statesmanship. 

I consider Hoover great because of his ability to organize a project and to over- 
come obstacles. 
10. The "Allies" in the World War were Belgium, France, Italy, Great Britain, and the 
United States. 
Austria, Serbia, and Turkey fought on the German side during the World War. 



HISTORY ANSWERS 

Lesson X. 

5-10-18 

1. The Spanish, French, and English nations were most active in the explorations of 
America. 

The Spanish explored the country in search of gold. 

The French explorations were chiefly for the purpose of establishing a fur trade 
with the Indians. 
The English explored America mainly with the purpose of colonization in mind. 

2. Thirteen Colonies. See answer to question 8, Lesson VII. 

3. Five wars fought by the United States are as follows: The Revolutionary War in 
which we fought England for our independence; the War of 1812, in which we 
fought England for our seamen's rights and for commercial independence; the War 
with Mexico in which we fought over the boundrary of Texas; the Spanish-Ameri- 
can War in which we fought Spain for the purpose of liberating Cuba; and the 
World War, in which we fought Germany and her allies to preserve free govern- 
ment for the world. 

4. Presidents. See answer to question 4, Lesson IX. 

5. Louisiana Purchase. See answer to question 4, Lesson V. 

6. Two living American inventors are Thomas Edison and Wilbur Wright. 
Edison invented the phonograph and many of the modern electrical machines and ap- 
pliances. 

Wright invented the areoplane. • 

7. We are living in a progressive age. Conditions within the country are constantly 
changing. The problems of yesterday may not be the problems of the country a 
year hence. The founders of our government under the constitution could not 
foresee conditions as they exist today and the constitution must be modernized to fit 
the present and future needs of the country. There are nineteen amendments to 
the Federal Constitution. 

8. The United States raised money for financing the World War partly by the income 
tax, the revenue tax, by tariffs and by the sale of War Savings Stamps and Liberty 
Bonds. 

Three ways in which the money was spent are as follows: For military equipment, 
for food for the soldiers, for ships of war, and for the building of great training 
camps. 

9. The Red Cross society is engaged in hospital work and in supplying the needs of 
humanity wherever there is suffering the world over. In times of war they engage 
in hospital work and thereby minister to the sick and wounded soldiers regardless 
of whether they are friend or foe. 

The Y. M. C. A. administers to the social and spiritual needs of men the world over. 
They have Y. M. C. A. buildings in our larger cities. These buildings are fitted 
with libraries, swimming pools, cafeterias, various wholesome games, and are ex- 
cellent places for the men and boys to spend their leisure hours. 
10. Nebraska was admitted into the Union as a state, March 1st, 1867, during Andrew 
Jackson's administration. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 213 

HISTORY ANSWERS 

Lesson XI. 

4-10-19 

1. John Cabot and his son, Sebastian, undertook to find a northwest passage to India. 
They discovered Labrador thence sailed along the Atlantic coast as far south as 
Long Island. 

Christopher Columbus set sail from Palos, Spain, during the summer of 1492 in 
three small sailing vessels, the Nina, Santa Maria, and Pinta, on a voyage to de- 
termine whether or not his theory, "That the earth is round" was correct. He 
landed at San Salvidor. October 12, 1492. He did not discover the American main- 
land until several years later. 

Balboa sailed from, the West Indies in 1615, voyaged westward and landed on the 
Isthmus of Panama. The expedition then made its way across the Isthmus. On 
surmounting the coastal ranges of mountains, the wide expanse of ocean lay before 
them. Balboa took possession of it in the name of the King of Spain and gave it 
the name "Pacific". 

Henry Hudson, an Englishman in the employ of the Dutch, sailed into New York 
harbor and ascended the Hudson River in 1609. He landed on Manhattan Island 
and made friends with the Indians. Later he sailed into Hudson Bay and his men 
mutinied and cast him adrift in a small boat. He was never heard from. Hie 
voyages gave Holland a claim on America. 

2. The first permanent English colony in America was at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. 

3. The Revolutionary War and Wars of U. S. See answer to questions 6 and 8, Les- 
son VI. 

4. The aims of the United States in the World War were to make the world safe for 
democratic government, to make the ocean safe for merchantmen and passenger 
ships, and to check militarism. 

5. Democracy means government of the people, by the people, and for the people; 
An armistice is an agreement between warring nations to cease all warlike measures 
for a definite period of time while they consider terms of peace; Sedition consists 
of speaking or writing against one's home government in times of war and thereby 
aiding the enemy by creating a false impression among people; An alien is an un- 
naturalized foreigner, or one who owes his allegiance to some foreign government; 
A peace conference is a meeting together of peace envoys of warring nations to con- 
sider terms of peace. 

6. Negro Slavery was introduced into the United States in 1619 when the captain of 
a Dutch trading ship sold several negroes to the English colonists at Jamestown 
for use on the tobacco plantations. It was abolished in 1865 by the passage and 
ratification of the thirteenth amendment to the constitution. 

7. Washington, Hamilton, Jefferson, Lincoln, and Wilson are classed as five of the 
leading American statesmen. Washington did much toward the formation and 
adoption of the Constitution and the fact that he was the first president under the 
Constitution made the success of the new government a matter of fact not merely 
of name; Hamilton, through his knowledge of economics and the financial needs 
of the new nation, was able to place the United States on a sound financial footing. 
Jefferson purchased Louisiana from Prance in 1803 for $15,000,000. Lincoln over- 
came the Confederate states during the civil war and saved the Union. Wilson 
was president of the United States during the World War. He strongly favored 
the United States entering the "League of Nations" but his policies were repudi- 
ated by the U. S. Senate who refused to ratify the treaty of Versailles. 

8. Four measures considered by the 1919 session of the Nebraska Legislature were 
the bill for Redistricting the state for consolidated schools; The Siman Bill, pro- 
hibiting the teaching of a foreign language in the grades below t the high school; 
The bill providing for a convention to draft a new constitution for the state; and 
the bill providing for the holding of school exhibits. All of these bills became laws. 

9. The purpose of "War Savings Societies" was to create among all classes of our 
people a desire to save and invest their money in War Savings Stamps and Liberty 
Bonds, and was calculated to check unsafe speculations. It also was a medium for 
bringing to the people a realization of the needs of the nation and mustering them 
for its support. 

The "Junior Red Cross" was an auxiliary organization of the American Red Cross. 
It was organized among school children and greatly aided in the various war 
activities of the nation. 



214 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

The Boys' Working Reserve was an organization of the boys below the draft age 
to enroll them as laborers on farms and in factories. 

The "Fourth Liberty Loan" bonds was the fourth issue of bonds by our government 
to raise money for the financing of the war. They were greatly oversubscribed. 
10. Samuel R. McKelvie is Governor of Nebraska at this date, April 10, 1919. 
In 1919 W. H. Clemmons was State Superintendent of Nebraska. 
George W. Norris and Gilbert M. Hitchcock are Nebraska's U. S. Senators. 
W. B. Baker is County Superintendent of Howard County. 



HISTORY ANSWERS 

Lesson XII. 

5-8-19 

1. J. Sterling Morton formerly lived at Arbor Lodge in Nebraska and was the founder 
of Arbor Day. 

De Soto, a Spaniard, discovered and explored the Mississippi River in 1541. 
Susan B. Anthony, a native of the United States, was a noted leader in the move- 
ment for Woman's Suffrage. 

Raleigh was a native of England and- undertook to establish a colony on Roanoake 
Island in 1587. Also a great friend of Queen Elizabeth of England. 
Henry Hudson, an Englishman, in the service of the Dutch, discovered the Hudson 
River in 1609. 

La Salle, a Frenchman, explored the Mississippi valley in 1679. 
Sir Francis Drake, an English navigator, circumvated the globe in 1577-1580. 
Pocahontas was the daughter of the Indian chief, Powhatan, and a great friend of 
the English at Jamestown, Virginia. 

La Fayette was a young French nobleman who aided us in our struggle for inde- 
pendence from England. 

R. E. Perry was an officer of the U. S. Navy who led several expeditions in search 
of the North Pole being successful in 1909. 

2. The martyred presidents are Lincoln, Garfield, and McKinley. 

Washington, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Jackson, Lincoln, Grant, Cleveland, Mc- 
Kinley, and Wilson were presidents elected for more than one term. 

3. The Revolutionary War was caused by the British government endeavoring to en- 
force "Taxation without Representation" and otherwise dealing harshly with their 
colonies in America. 

Trenton and Monmough were two important battles in this war, being won by the 
Americans. The colonies finally won their independence in 1783. 

4. Five Presidents. See answer to question 10 in Lesson VIII. 

5. Monroe Doctrine. See answer to question 4 in Lesson III. 

The "League of Nations" is union of all the important nations of the world, except 

the United States, Germany, Russia, and Turkey, with the object of bringing about 

better relations among the several nations and to prevent disastrous wars. 

The movement was sponsored by President Wilson, but repudiated by the United 

States Senate in 1920. The movement was a step in the right direction and if 

partisan politics can only be set aside, the United States will ultimately enter the 

League. 

6. Spoils System. See answer to question 6 in Lesson III. 
Emancipation* Proclamation. See answer to question 4 in Lesson II. 

7. De Soto and Coronado were two early Spanish explorers of territory now embraced 
in the United States. 

La Salle and Champlain were two early French explorers of territory now embraced 

in the United States and Canada. 

Henry Hudson was an early Dutch explorer of the new world. 

John Cabot was an early English explorer of America. 

8. Three Departments of Government. See answer to question 11 in Lesson III. 

9. World War. See answer to question 8 in Lesson VI. 

10. The discovery of ether and chloroform and the X-Ray have greatly aided surgery 
and hospital work in this country during the past fifty years. 

The invention of the telephone, the automobile, and wireless telegraphy have greatly 
aided the United States during the last fifty years. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 215 

11. Woodrow Wilson, W. J. Bryan, Warren G. Harding, Hiram Johnson and Wm. H. 
Borah are prominent men in the United States today. All are noted leaders and 
statesmen. 

S. R. McKelvie is governor of Nebraska, May 8th, 1919. 

Gilbert M. Hitchcock and George W. Norris are U. S. Senators from Nebraska May 

8, 1919. 

Moses P. Kinkaid is Congressman from the sixth Nebraska district, May 8th, 1919. 

Jackson was speaker of the Nebraska House of Representatives in 1919. 

12. Eli Whitney was the inventor of the cotton gin. 

Henry Clay was a noted leader of the Whig Party previous to the Civil War. 
Nathan Hale was a noted patriot and martyr of revolutionary times. 
Daniel Webster was a noted statesman and defender of the constitution previous 
to the civil war. 

W. J. Bryan is one of America's greatest orators and was thrice a candidate for 
the presidency. 

W. H. Taft was formerly president of the United States. 

Lloyd George is the present prime Minister of England and one of the world's 
greatest men. 

Benedict Arnold was an American army officer in the Revolutionary War who turned 
traitor and aided the British. 

Walt Mason is a poet and philospher whose home is in Kansas. 

Patrick Henry was a noted American leader and orator at the time of the Revo- 
lution. 

HISTORY ANSWERS 

Lesson XIII. 

3-25-20 

1. Explorations of America. See answer to question 1 in Lesson X. 

2. Pilgrims. See answer to question 3 in Lesson VI. 

3. The American Indian at the time of the settlement of our country gained a living 
almost entirely by hunting and fishing. They had no permanent dwelling but lived 
in rude wigwams. The men did, the hunting and fishing and engaged in their war- 
fare while the women did all the work. They raised corn, squashes, and tobacco 
and did a considerable hand work and weaving. 

4. Acquisitions of territory. See answer to question 4 in Lesson V. 

5. Alexander Hamilton was a noted American financier and Secretary of Treasury 
during Washington's administration. 

J. Sterling Morton was the founder of Arbor Day. 

Wm. McKinley was one of our martyred presidents. 

John J. Pershing was Commanding General of the American Expeditionary Force 

in France during the World War. 

Robert Lansing was Secretary of States during Wilson's administration. 

6. League of Nations. See answer to question 5 in Lesson XII. 
Missouri Compromise. See answer to question 11 in Lesson IV. 
Civil Service. See answer to question 6 in Lesson III. 

7. The "Declaration of Independence" was signed July 4th, 1776. 

The "Armistice" which was provided for the cessation of hostilities in the World 
War, was signed November 11th, 1913. 

8. Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York, and Massachusetts, belonged to the 
Union when we began our national existence. 

Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Oklahoma, and New Mexico have been ad- 
mitted to the Union during the last fifty years. 

9. The "Declaration of Independence" defined the purpose of the colonies in rebelling 
against England, stated the injustices of English mis-government and set them- 
selves right with the several nations of Europe. 

The "Monroe Doctrine" was of great historical importance for under it we assumed 
the attitude of "Big Brother" toward the weaker nations on our own continent and 
protected them from foreign aggression, in a number of instances, later. 
The Panama Canal is historically important because of its effect on our commerce, 
by reason of its shortening the transportation route between the Atlantic and the 
Pacific oceans. 
10. Inventions. See answer to question 6 in Lesson IX. 



216 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

HISTORY ANSWERS 

Lesson XIV. 

5-6-20 

1. Thirteen colonies. See answer to question 4 in Lesson I. 

2. Explorers. See answer to question 7 in Lesson XII. 

3. People from Europe Irave come to America to secure religious freedom, to escape 
oppressive government and its burden of taxation, to escape military service, and 
because America means opportunity to them to gain homes for themselves; to edu- 
cate their children and to be really free. They have come from every country in 
Europe, but mainly from the Scandinavian countries, Germany, Austria, Prance, 
Italy, Russia, and Great Britain. 

4. The early English colonies were established along the Atlantic seaboard from Maine 
to the Savannah River. 

The early French colonies were established along the St. Lawrence River and in 
Nova Scotia, then known as Acadia. Prom these they gradually pushed their way 
to the Great Lakes and along the Mississippi River. 

The early Spanish colonies were established in Florida, in Mexico, Arizona, New 
Mexico, and California. 

5. Robert Fulton invented the first steamboat in 1807. 
Thomas A. Edison invented the phonograph. 

J. Sterling Morton was the founder of Arbor Day. 

Henry Clay was a great American statesman previous to the Civil War. He was 

the author of The Missouri Compromise and the Omnibus Rills. 

Ulysses S. Grant was the leading Northern General in the Civil War and later was 

elected president of the United States. 

6. See answer to question 4 in Lesson XII. League of Nations, Missouri Compromise, 
and Civil Service. 

7. July 4, 1776 and November 11, 1918. See answer to question 11, Lesson IV. 

8. Daniel Webster was a great American statesman who did much to create sentiment 
for the preservation of the Union. 

Cyrus McCormick was the inventor of the Harvester. 

W. T. Sherman was a noted Union General in the Civil War. 

Geo. E. Martin of Kearney, is Nebraska's leading educator. 

John Wanamaker, the proprietor of the "largest store on earth" is one of America's 

keenest business men. 

9. Declaration of Independence, Monroe Doctrine, Panama Canal. See answer to 
question 6 in Lesson I. 

10. Inventions. See Lesson XI, question 4. 

HISTORY ANSWERS 

Lesson XV. 

4-7-21 
1 A knowledge of geography is very important to those studying history. The geog- 
raphy of a country has a vast influence on the inhabitants, its industries, its com- 
mercial relations with other countries, the social, political, and moral tendencies 
of its people and the degree of its enlightenment. 

2. The "Articles of Confederation" were the so-called constitution which found the 
thirteen colonies into a loose sort of government at the close of the revolutionary 
war. Under it the states were supreme. The government had no head and no 
judiciary. Congress could recommend laws but could not enforce them. A state 
could, at its discretion, leave the Union. 

3. Monroe Doctrine. See answer to question 7 in Lesson I. 

4. Columbus was born in Genoa, Italy in 1436. His father was a poor wool comber. 
Columbus was early in life apprenticed to a sea captain and his education was 
almost entirely that of a seaman. He became a close student of the maps and 
charts of his day and conceived the idea that the earth is round. After many dis- 
appointments, he at last secured the aid of Queen Isabella of Spain and set sail in 
three small sailing vessels to prove that the earth is round. He discovered the 
West Indies and returned to Spain. Later he made three other voyages in one of 
which he touched the mainland of South America. On his return to Spain he was 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 217 

placed in chains and died in ignorance of the true nature of his discovery, that is 
that he had discovered a new world. 

5. Thirteen Colonies. See answer to question 4 in Lesson I. 

6. The Revolutionary War was caused by the British Parliament attempting to tax 
the colonies without giving them a voice in levying the tax, and by assuming an 
arrogant and overbearing attitude toward them. After eight years of war, England 
acknowledged the independence of the colonies and the war was over. The colonies 
had won. 

Two important battles of this war were Monmouth and Yorktown. In the latter 
battle Washington commanded the Americans and Cornwallis commanded the 
British. Cornwallis was forced to surrender. This battle ended the war. 

7. Wars. See answer to question 8 in Lesson VI. 

8. Presidents. See answer to question 6 in Lesson V. 

9. U. S. In World War. See answer to question 10 in Lesson XIV. 

10. Missouri Compromise, Kansas-Nebraska Bill, Emancipation Proclamation. See 
answer to question 11 in Lesson IV. 

HISTORY ANSWERS 

Lesson XVI. 

5-5-21 

1. Acquisition of territory. See answer to question 5 in Lesson X. 

2. Four Presidents. See answer to question 6 in Lesson XI. 

3. De Soto was a noted explorer from Spain. He discovered the Mississippi River in 
1541. 

Sir Francis Drake was a noted explorer from England. He circumnavigated the 
globe 1577-1580. 

La Salle was a noted explorer from France. He explored the Mississippi River from 
its source and attempted to establish a fort at the mouth of the river in 1679-1682. 
Henry Hudson sailing under the Dutch flag discovered and named the Hudson 
River in 1609. 

4. The Revolutionary War was caused by the British Parliament attempting to tax the 
colonies in America without giving them a voice in levying the taxes, and by the 
British endeavoring to force them to submit to their oppressive rule. 

Generals Washington and Green were noted generals on the American side, and 
Cornwallis and Clinton on the British side. 

Five important battles were Lexington, Bunker Hill, Saratoga, Camden, and Mon- 
mouth. 

After nearly eight years of fighting the British gave way and acknowledged the 
independence of the colonies in 1783. 

5. La Fayette was a young French nobleman who aided us during the Revolutionary 
War. 

Benedict Arnold was an American officer in the Revolutionary War who turned 
traitor to his country and aided the British during the latter part of the war. 
William Penn was the proprietor and founder of the colony of Pennsylvania, 1682. 
Alexander Hamilton was the first Secretary of the Treasury of the United States, 
and served in that capacity during Washington's administration from 1789 to 1797. 
J. Sterling Morton of Arbor Lodge, Nebraska City, Nebraska, was the founder of 
Arbor Day. 

William McKinley was president of the United States from 1897 to 1901. 
Patrick Henry was a noted leader in Virginia during the Revolutionary times. 

6. The indirect cause of the Civil War was the slavery question, but the direct cause 
of the war was the attempt of the "South " to secede from the Union. As a result 
of the war the slavery question was forever settled. 

Abraham Lincoln was president during this war. 

7. The following dates should be remembered as they are important dates in American 
history: 

In 1492 Columbus discovered America. 

In 1607 the first permanent English colony was established at Jamestown, Virginia. 
In 1620 the pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock and laid the foundation of the Mas- 
sachusetts colony. 
In 1776 the Declaration of Independence was signed at Philadelphia. 



218 STEPHENSON'S EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION 

In 1812 our second war with Great Britain began. 

In 1S67 Nebraska was admitted to the Union as a State. 

The Armistice which ended the World War was signed November 11, 1918. 

8. The Monroe Doctrine provides that the United States will not meddle with the 
affairs of Europe nor will this country permit European countries to encroach upon 
the countries of the new world. 

The Missouri Compromise provided that Maine should enter the Union as a free 
state and Missouri as a slave state. It further provided that slavery should be 
excluded from the territory west of the Mississippi River north of the Parallel of 
36° 30' or the southern boundary of Missouri. 

The Kansas-Nebraska Bill was an act organizing the territories of Kansas and Ne- 
braska. The most important provision of the bill was the principle of "Squatter 
Sovereignty" which allowed the people of each territory to decide whether it should 
enter the Union as a free or a slave state. 

9. World War. See answer to question 10 in Lesson XIV. 

10. Ten public officials are as follows: 

1. Warren G. Harding, President of the United States. 

2. Calvin Coolidge, Vice-President of the United States. 

3. Charles E. Hughes, Secretary of State in Harding's Cabinet. 

4. Gilbert M. Hitchcock and George W. Norris are Nebraska's Senators in Congress. 

5. Moses P. Kinkaid is the Representative in Congress from the Sixth Nebraska 
district. 

6. Samuel R. McKelvie is Governor of Nebraska. 

7. John M. Matzen is State Superintendent of Nebraska. 

8. County Superintendent of your county. (Pupil answer.) 

9. County Treasurer of your county. (Pupil answer.) 
10. County Judge of your county. (Pupil ansyer.) 

HISTORY ANSWERS 

Lesson XVII. 

4-6-22 

1. See Lesson VI., No. 2; Lesson XL, No. 1; Lesson XII., No. 7; Lesson XVI., No. 3. 

2. See Lesson L, No. 4; Lesson VII., No. 8; Lesson VIII., No. 8. 

3. See Lesson VIL, No. 3; Lesson IX., No. 6; Lesson XIIL, No. 10. 

4. See Lesson VI., No. 5. 

5. See Lesson II., No. 1. 

6. See. Lesson XVI., No. 7. 1865, close of Civil War. 

7. See Lesson III., Nos. 5 and 6; Lesson VIII., No. 5. 

8. See Lesson X., No. 5; Lesson XVL, No. 1. 

9. See Lesson V., No. 6; Lesson VIIL, No. 10; Lesson X., No. 4. 
10. See Lesson L, No. 7; Lesson HI., No. 4; Lesson IV., No. 11. 

HISTORY ANSWERS 

Lesson XVIII. 

5-4-22 

1. (a) England, Prance, Spain, and Holland are four nations that were early coloniz- 
ers of America. 

(b) See Lesson VI., No. 2; Lesson XII., No. 7. 

2. See Lesson IV., No. 10. 

3. See Lesson I., No. 4. 

4. (a) See Lesson II., No. 9. 
(b) See Lesson V., No. 10. 

5. See Lesson V., No. 4. We acquired Porto Rico from Spain during the Spanish- 
American War. 

6. See Lesson XL, No. 3. and Lesson XVL, No. 9. 

7. See Lesson V., No. 6. 

8. La Fayette, Hamilton, Patrick Henry. See Lesson XVL, No. 5. 
Edison, Grant. See Lesson XIV., No. 5. 



QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK 219 



Eli Whitney. See Lesson XII., No. 12. 
John J. Pershing. See Lesson XIII., No. 5. 
Benjamin Franklin. See Lesson IV., No. 2. 
Marconi. See Lesson I., No. 6. 

Foch, commander of the allied forces during the World War. 
9. Emancipation Proclamation. See Lesson II., No. 4. 
Era of Good Feeling. See Lesson III., No. 3. 
Spoils System. See Lesson III., No. 6. 
10. See Lesson IX., No. 6. 



IMPORTANT 

Teachers and Pupils Read This Carefully 



THE Stephenson Eighth Grade Examination question and 
answer books are complete and accurate. They cover all 
the fourteen subjects required by law for securing an 
eighth grade diploma and have been most carefully prepared 
by experts. Only persons especially qualified to handle each 
subject covered has been employed in their preparation. 
Complete solutions of the problems in Arithmetic have been 
given and answers in all subjects have been written in such 
plain language that they can be easily understood by Pupils 
as well as Teachers. 

My Question and Answer books include the complete list 
of questions sent out from the State Superintendent's office 
from 1915 to date with correct answers supplied. Ninety per 
cent of the questions given in the 1922 Examination lists were 
found in my books. 

TO TEACHERS 

Stephenson Question and Answer books will help you to 
pass for a certificate or raise the grades on your present certifi- 
cate. If you are ambitious for improving the standing of your 
pupils and for their success on Examination Day encourage 
their use of these books. 

TO P UP I LS 

Stephenson Question and Answer books will insure your 
success at examination time. Any seventh or eighth grade 
pupil who will get the complete set of these books and study 
them carefully will pass the examinations without fail. By all 
means get the Question and Answer books in those subjects 
in which you are the least proficient — study them and you 
may feel assured of a good passing grade in your final Eighth 
Grade Examinations. Seventh grade pupils who expect to take 
examinations in any eighth grade subject will find my Ques- 
tion and Answer books most helpful to them. GET THESE 
ANSWER BOOKS AND PASS THE EXAMINATION. 

The Question and Answer books cover all the fourteen 
subjects required by law for an Eighth Grade Diploma. They 
may be secured in single copies covering only one subjeet, or 
bound complete (all fourteen subjects) in one volume. We 
also supply Quarterly Review sets — four and five subjects 
bound in one volume. For complete list, order blank and 
prices see other side of this leaf. 



(Be careful in making up your order.) 



ANSWER BOOK ORDER BLANK 

To Sam C. Stephenson, 

Aurora, Nebraska. 192 

Dear Sir: Please send me postpaid the number of each of the books indi- 
cated on left hand margin below: Total number of copies ordered 

I enclose □ check, □ money order, Q currency for total amount $ 

Name R. F. D 



Post Office County State 

IMPORTANT: Indicate below the number of each book you want. 

EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOKS. 

No. of Books Wanted Price Each Postpaid 

COMPLETE BOOK — Cloth bound, containing all the questions in the 

fourteen subjects with complete answers $4.00 

(This cloth bound edition will make an excellent reference for any library.) 

Single Book Edition. 

Questions and complete answers (1915 to 1922, inclusive). 

ARITHMETIC, Written; ARITHMETIC, Mental— Questions and ans...$ .50 

GEOGRAPHY — Questions and complete answers 50 

GRAMMAR and ENGLISH COMPOSITION— Questions and answers.. .50 

READING — Questions and complete answers 50 

BOOKKEEPING and ORTHOGRAPHY— Questions and answers 50 

AGRICULTURE — Questions and complete answers 50 

PHYSIOLOGY — Questions and complete answers 50 

PENMANSHIP and DRAWING— Questions and complete answers 50 

HISTORY — Questions and complete answers 50 

CIVICS — Questions and complete answers 50 

EIGHTH GRADE EXAMINATION QUESTION BOOK— Questions 

only _ _ 40 

(Ten or more copies of the single book edition, 40c each.) 

QUARTERLY REVIEW BOOK EDITION. 

Questions and complete answers (1915 to 1922, inclusive). 

First Quarter. 
Grammar, English Composition, Bookkeeping, Orthography, Civics' — 

Questions and complete answers. To be used in first quarter of the school year. 

(Nine weeks' review.) Bound in one volume $1.25 

Second Quarter. 
Geography, Agriculture, Physiology, and History — 

Questions and complete answers. To be used in second quarter of the school year. C1 
(Nine weeks' review.) Bound in one volume -«pl.75 

Third Quarter. 
Arithmetic, Written; Arithmetic, Mental; Reading, Penmanship, Drawing — 

Questions and complete answers. To be used in third quarter of the school year. 
(Nine weeks' review.) Bound in one volume .$1.25 

By using the Quarterly Review Book edition you will have finished reviewing the 
fourteen subjects by the time the first state examination is given in April of each 
year, thus being prepared to write on these subjects. You will not fail to pass if 
you get these books and study them carefully. 

TEACHERS' EXAMINATION QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOKS. 

Questions and answers in the fifteen subjects required for a second grade certificate 

May Examination — 1922 — questions and answers $ .50 

June and July Examination — 1922 — questions and answers 50 



Other question and answer books for teachers' examinations will be. ready 
thirty days after each examination. 

Get these answer books and pass for a certificate or raise the grades on your present certificate. 

MEMORY GEMS— Book of 80 pages 25c 

Send all orders to SAM C. STEPHENSON, 1305 Eleventh St., Aurora, Nebraska 

(over) 



